中国聪明孩子的困境
大家好,我是Anthony,欢迎来到我的频道。
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Hello everyone, I'm Anthony
Welcome to my channel
在今天的视频中,我想和大家聊聊一个在中国非常普遍的现象。
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Today's video
I want to talk to you about a very common phenomenon in China.
那些在青少年时期非常聪明、理性的孩子,为什么后来会崩溃,甚至走向自我毁灭?
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Those who are teenagers
Very smart and rational children
Why did it collapse later?
Even self-destruction
许多中国父母都非常欣赏这样的孩子:他们在学校各科成绩优异,待人接物有礼大方,给父母挣足了面子。
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Many Chinese parents admire such children.
I have the best grades in every subject in school.
Be polite and generous in dealing with others
Give parents enough face
而且,他们从不表现出任何叛逆或攻击性,非常懂事听话。
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but
I haven't shown any rebelliousness or aggression.
Very sensible and obedient
当然,真正能做到这一点的孩子非常少,因为这毕竟需要极高的理性和智力水平。
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Of course, there are very few people who can really do this.
because
After all, this still requires a high level of rationality and intelligence.
然而,随着他们年龄的增长,他们的智力似乎在逐渐消失。
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However, as they grow older
Their intelligence seems to be gradually disappearing.
例如,有些人进入大学后,突然表现出一种自我组织崩溃的状态。
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For example, some people enter university
Sudden manifestation of a state of self-organization collapse
他们逐渐对一切事物失去兴趣,原本为他们带来许多掌声的特长和爱好也逐渐放弃。
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They gradually lost interest in everything.
The special skill that originally brought me a lot of applause
And hobbies are gradually given up
在外人看来,这似乎是一种堕落。
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To outsiders, this seems like a fall.
还有一些人,能够继续工作,保持着优秀和聪明。
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There are some people
Able to work
Keep up the good and smart
他们的社会功能似乎仍然良好,甚至远超常人,能够完美地安排自己的生活。
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Their social functioning still seems to be good.
Even far beyond the ordinary
They can arrange their lives perfectly.
然而,在这些表象之下,当事人却感到自己的能量正在逐渐枯竭。
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However, beneath these appearances
The person feels that his energy is gradually drying up.
他的内心逐渐涌现出一些可怕的黑暗力量。
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His heart
Gradually some terrifying dark forces emerge
这种力量背后蕴含着大量未被整合的原始情感,因此难以被理性理解和表达。
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Behind this power
Contains a lot of unintegrated raw emotions
Therefore, it is difficult to be understood and expressed rationally.
但当事人能隐约感觉到,这种力量似乎正在摧毁和颠覆他的真实生活。
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But the parties can vaguely feel
This power
It seems to destroy and subvert his real life
这当然是令人恐惧的。
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This is of course terrifying.
于是,他会试图压制这种黑暗力量。
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then
He will try to suppress this dark power.
He will try to suppress this dark power.
由于他们非常聪明,所以他们可能会无意识地使用一些非常巧妙和隐蔽的方法来防御这些情感。
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Because they are very smart
So they may be unconscious
Using some very clever and covert methods
To defend against these emotions
因此,在这段视频中,我们将探讨为什么许多人会逐渐耗尽自己的理性,以及什么是真正健康自然的理性。
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So
In this video we will talk about
Why do many people become
Gradually exhausting my rationality
And what is truly healthy and natural rationality?
在视频开始前,我先说明一下,我会将这段视频放入“心理学与教育”的列表中。
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Before the video starts, let me say
I will post this video
Put it in the list of "Psychology and Education"
如果你有任何想和我讨论的以及咨询的话题,可以通过我的邮箱预约。
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If you have anything you want to discuss with me
and consultation topics
You can contact my email to make an appointment
那么,让我们回到今天的话题。
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So let's get back to today's topic
复杂的防御机制:理性如何被误用
首先,我想和大家聊聊一些复杂的防御方法。
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first
I want to talk to you about some complex defense methods
之所以说它们复杂,是因为它们需要更高的智力水平,因此也更加隐蔽和难以理解。
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The reason why this is complicated
Because it requires a higher level of intelligence
Therefore, it is also hidden and difficult to understand
利用心理哲学术语隔离情感
我们要谈的第一个防御机制是,利用大量的心理学和哲学术语来隔离情感。
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The first one we are going to talk about
that is
A lot of psychological and philosophical terms are used to isolate emotions
例如,有些朋友知识渊博,他们阅读了大量人文社科书籍。
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for example
Some friends are very knowledgeable
They read a lot of books on humanities and social sciences
他们能够熟练地运用依恋风格、投射、共情、BPD(Borderline Personality Disorder: 边缘性人格障碍)、NPD(Narcissistic Personality Disorder: 自恋型人格障碍)等概念来解释自己和身边的人。
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Can skillfully use attachment styles, projection,
Concepts such as empathy, bpd, npd, etc.
To explain myself and those around me
或者引用斯多葛主义(Stoicism: 古希腊哲学流派,强调理性、美德和与自然和谐相处,以达到内心的平静)、柏拉图(Plato: 古希腊哲学家,西方哲学奠基人之一)、后现代主义(Postmodernism: 一种哲学思潮,质疑现代主义的宏大叙事和普遍真理)等。
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Or to quote Stoicism,
Plato, postmodernism, etc.
表面上看,这是一种高水平的自我觉察,当事人甚至显得比身边的人更加清醒。
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On the surface
This is a high level of self-awareness
The person involved even seems more awake than those around him.
而且,由于身边的人通常没有那么多知识,很难反驳他们。
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and
Because of the people around
Usually there is not so much knowledge
It's hard to refute them.
因此,他们会更加自信地认为自己能够解释一切、分析一切,并用这种分析来代替治愈。
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thus
They will feel more confident that they can explain everything.
Analyze everything
And use this analysis instead of cure
然而,当你仔细倾听时,你会发现,他们在那些如同学术论文般的心理分析中,有时会流露出非常原始的情感。
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However
When you listen carefully
You will find
They are in those
In psychological analysis like an academic paper
Sometimes he reveals very raw emotions
这些情感与他们高度理性的理论相比,显得如此不一致。
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These emotions
Compared with their highly rational theories
It's so inconsistent
然而,当事人会迅速用新的理论来填补这个空白。
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However
The parties will quickly use the new theory
To fill this gap
例如,一位女士在认真分析与前任的创伤经历时,突然说:“反正,到头来他们都会离开我。”
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for example
A woman
When seriously analyzing the traumatic experience with my ex
Suddenly said: "Anyway, in the end
They will all leave me.”
这句话充满了委屈和悲伤,显得非常突兀。
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This sentence is filled with grievance and sadness
It's very abrupt
但随后这位女性朋友会说:“没关系,我已经从斯多葛主义中学到了更好的心态。”
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But then this female friend will say
It doesn't matter
I have already learned from Stoicism
Learned a better mindset
于是,那种短暂暴露的脆弱性,又被一套新的盔甲重新包裹起来。
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So that kind of brief exposure of vulnerability
Encapsulated again in a new set of armor
对个人独立与边界的僵化理解
第二种防御机制是,对个人独立和边界持有僵化的理解。
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second
It is the awareness of personal independence and boundaries
Holding a rigid understanding
当事人认为每个人都是独立自主的,并觉得相互依恋、需要对方情感回应是独立人格弱者的行为。
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The parties believe that everyone is independent and autonomous
And think that they are attached to each other,
Needing emotional response from the other person
It is the behavior of a weak person with independent personality
这是一种与他人共生和依赖的表现。
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It is a manifestation of symbiosis and dependence with others
他将自给自足视为一个绝对目标。
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Self-sufficiency
As an absolute goal
他可能会认为每个人的选择都应该受到尊重,不要试图影响或改变他人。
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He might think that everyone's choice should be respected.
Don't try to influence or change others
这些话听起来似乎很有说服力。
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These words seem convincing.
个人独立和边界感确实是不可或缺的,它们可以防止关系中的侵犯,帮助双方保持自主性。
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Personal independence and a sense of boundaries are indispensable
They can prevent aggression in relationships
Helping both parties maintain their autonomy
现实中,确实有许多人不尊重他人的边界。
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In reality
There are indeed many people who do not respect the boundaries of others.
然而,边界意识终究只是人际交往的一种工具,而非目的。
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However, boundary awareness is ultimately
It's just a tool for interpersonal communication
Rather than purpose
它不应该被视为一个绝对目标。
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It should not be seen as an absolute goal
如果我们追求自己的边界,从不被他人影响,也从不影响他人,那么我们就不应该和任何人约会。
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If we pursue our own boundaries
Never be influenced by others
And never influence others
Then we shouldn't date anyone.
因为我们只要与他人建立联系,就必然会相互改变、相互影响。
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Because we just need to connect with others
They will inevitably change each other
Mutual influence
当我与某人亲近时,也必然意味着我与对方之间的一部分边界会融化和渗透。
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When I get close to someone
It also necessarily means
Part of the boundary between me and the other person will melt and penetrate
更重要的是,人际交往中总是存在一定程度的不确定性。
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More importantly
There is always a certain degree of uncertainty in interpersonal communication
在我与他约会之前,我不知道是否会与对方合得来,是否会有分歧和冲突。
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Before I dated him
I don't know if I will be compatible with the other person.
Will there be disagreements and conflicts?
如果我们追求绝对稳定和清晰的边界,无法容忍变化和可能性,那就不应该有任何社交。
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If we pursue the boundaries
Absolutely stable and clear
Intolerance of change and possibility
There shouldn't be any socializing.
拒绝与他人深度连接,虽然这能让人暂时感到安全,避免被他人伤害。
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Refuse to deep link with others
Although this can make people feel temporarily safe
Avoid being hurt by others
然而,我也拒绝了获得滋养的可能性,这同样威胁着一个人的安全感。
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However, I also refused to
The possibility of nourishment
This also threatens a person's sense of security.
在健康的关系中,边界应该像一扇有弹性的篱笆,允许人们在不同距离之间灵活调整,相互渗透。
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In a healthy relationship
The border should act like a stretchy fence
Allows people to flexibly adjust between different distances
Penetrate each other
而不是一道不可逾越的墙。
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Rather than an insurmountable wall
在这种关系中,双方可以允许并接受彼此边界的碰撞。
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In this relationship
Both parties can allow and accept each other's boundaries
Collision
但最重要的是,双方仍然可以通过沟通进行修复。
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But most importantly
Both parties can still repair through communication
追求绝对稳定的边界,实际上是一种复杂的防御,而非真正健康的独立。
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Pursuing an absolutely stable boundary
It's actually a sophisticated defense.
Rather than truly healthy independence
盲目乐观的防御
第三种防御是一种热情的乐观主义。
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The third defense is a kind of enthusiastic optimism
例如,当事人可能会强调“我的生活已经好起来了”,“现在的生活很幸福”,甚至说“即使我明天离开这个世界,也没有遗憾”。
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For example, the parties may emphasize
My life has improved
Life is happy now
Even said that even if I leave this world tomorrow
No regrets
这看起来是一种非常感性和充满激情的情感。
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This looks
It is a very emotional and passionate emotion
然而,它本身仍然脱离了当事人的真实体验,是由一种强迫性的理性所维持的。
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However, it itself
It is still divorced from the real experience of the parties involved.
It is maintained by a kind of compulsive rationality
因为生活中总是感到幸福的人,在表达感受时,会涉及许多具体而零碎的细节。
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Because people who always feel happy in life
When expressing feelings
It involves a lot of specific and fragmentary details
例如,今天遇到了什么样的朋友,吃了什么好吃的,而不是用这种抽象的口号来表达幸福。
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For example, what kind of friends did you meet today?
What delicious food did you eat?
Instead of using such abstract slogans to express happiness
这种固定的表达方式,更像是一种防御,是为了避免过去真实的遗憾和创伤。
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This fixed expression
More like defense
and avoid the real regrets and traumas of the past
这种回避本身也表明,这份创伤并未真正过去。
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This avoidance itself
This also shows that this trauma has not really passed.
防御性理性与健康理性:两种不同的成长路径
至此,我们不得不提出一个问题:为什么有些人青少年时期非常聪明,拥有强大的思维能力,但这种思维能力却没有引导他们走向更大的自由,反而常常伴随着疲惫、空虚和不自然?
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That's it
We have to ask a question
Why do some people
He was very smart when he was a teenager.
Have strong thinking ability
But this thinking ability
But it did not lead them to greater freedom.
Instead, it is often accompanied by fatigue, emptiness and unnaturalness?
我们说,这种理性虽然能带来良好的社会功能,但它终究是一种防御性理性。
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We say that this rationality
Although it can bring good social functions
But it is ultimately a defensive rationality
这种防御性理性与健康的理性实际上是不同的。
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This defensive rationality and healthy rationality
Actually, it’s different
健康的理性就像一棵自然生长的树,它的枝叶、花果和根系同时伸展,既能向外探索,也能从内部吸收养分。
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Healthy rationality is like a naturally growing tree
Its branches, leaves, flowers, fruits and roots extend simultaneously.
Able to explore outward
Can also absorb nutrients from within
而防御性理性则像生长在干旱贫瘠环境中的胡杨树。
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Defensive rationality
Populus euphratica grows in arid and barren environments.
由于缺水,胡杨树会拼命地向下生长根系,但代价是它长期无法生长出足够的枝叶进行光合作用。
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Due to lack of water
Poplar trees will desperately grow their roots downwards
But the price is
It can't grow enough branches and leaves for a long time
to photosynthesize
它不得不牺牲原有的平衡生长,将能量集中在单一的生存功能上。
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It has to sacrifice its original balanced growth
Focus energy on a single survival function
人类的理性也是如此。
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The same is true of human rationality
温尼科特论婴儿智力发展与情感整合
最近,我读了温尼科特(Winnicott: 英国儿科医生和精神分析学家,提出了过渡客体等概念)1965年的一篇文章,它很好地解释了这两种理性。
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recently
I read an article by Winnicott in 1965
It explains the two rationalities very well.
这篇文章的标题是《儿童思维的新视角》(new light on children's thinking)。
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The title of this article is new light on children's thinking
在第五页,温尼科特写道:
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On page 5
Winnicott said
“适应是事实,而且非常接近百分之百,但随着婴儿的发展,它会迅速变得低于百分之百,这让母亲有了越来越多的自由。婴儿身上发展的是什么?是婴儿的智力。”
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adaptation is a fact, and very close to 100 percent
but it rapidly becomes less than 100 percent
according to the baby's development
which allows the mother more and more freedom
What is this that develops in the baby?
it is the baby's intelligence
温尼科特认为,在理想条件下,母亲能够百分之百地适应婴儿的需求。
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Winnicott believes
In ideal conditions
The mother is able to adapt 100% to the needs of the baby
但这不可能。
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But that's impossible
随着婴儿的发展,母亲也会有更多的自由,而不是完全与婴儿待在一起。
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As the baby develops
Mothers will also have more freedom
Rather than staying with the baby completely
这就是婴儿智力发展的起点。
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This is the starting point of the baby's intellectual development.
也就是说,温尼科特认为,婴儿的智力首先来源于理解母性的缺席和延迟满足。
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That is to say
Winnicott believes
The intelligence of infants is first derived from
Understanding maternal absence and delayed gratification
在生命早期,如果母亲很好地照顾婴儿,婴儿会体验到一种近乎神奇的状态。
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Early in life
If the mother takes good care of the baby
Babies experience an almost magical state
当他饿了,乳房就会出现;他想要拥抱,母亲的手就会伸过来。
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When I'm hungry, breasts appear
I want a hug
Mother's hand will come over
对婴儿来说,这似乎是愿望成真的结果。
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For babies
This seems to be the result of a wish come true
婴儿体验到一种全能感。
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Babies experience a sense of omnipotence
这种全能感本身并非破坏性的,它可以成为一个人安全而充实的心理基础。
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This sense of omnipotence is not inherently destructive.
Can become a person
A secure and fulfilling psychological base
从全能感到等待:智力发展的起点
当母亲开始体验到轻微的延迟,例如不是立即喂奶而是稍后时,婴儿就会从全能感的状态过渡到等待。
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And when the mother begins to experience slight delays
For example, not feeding immediately but later
The baby will go from the state of omnipotence
Transition to waiting
在这个等待的时刻,婴儿会运用他们的想象力和记忆来弥补和缓解自己的焦虑。
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In this waiting moment
Babies use their imagination and memory
To make up for and relieve your anxiety
温尼科特说:
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Winnicott said
“婴儿对自己说(同时尖叫着),一切都很好,因为舞台外的声音表明有什么东西要来了,那将恰好满足他的需求。”
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the baby thinks to himself
(while screaming) that it is all right really
because the noises off-stage indicate that something is coming
that will just meet his needs
这里的“舞台外的声音”意味着婴儿可以从一些熟悉的声音中判断出母亲正在路上。
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The noises here are off-stage
It means that babies can learn from some familiar sounds
To judge that the mother is on the way
例如母亲的脚步声、声音以及奶瓶的声音等等。
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Such as the sound of mother's footsteps, voice, and the sound of bottles
etc.
这些环境线索表明照护者正在路上,让他能够预期自己的需求很快就会得到满足。
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These environmental cues indicate that caregivers are on their way
Allow him to anticipate his needs
You will be satisfied in a moment
这里的“恰好满足他的需求”是关键,它意味着既不是立即满足,也不是过度延迟,而是一种可容忍的延迟。
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Just meeting his needs is the key here
It means neither immediate gratification
Not a delay
But a tolerable delay
在这个过程中,婴儿运用他们的记忆,并开始理解事物之间的因果关系。
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In this process
Babies use their memory
and begin to understand the cause and effect relationship between things
这就是婴儿思维的开始。
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This is the beginning of baby thinking
这种思维当然不是言语逻辑推理,它是情感记忆和思维整合的产物。
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This kind of thinking is certainly not verbal logical reasoning
It is a product of the integration of emotional memory and thinking.
它保留了原始的自信和创造力,同时又不脱离现实。
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He has retained the original confidence and creativity
Without losing touch with reality
这也意味着温尼科特认为,婴儿的智力起源于某种创伤、失落和幻灭。
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This also means that Winnicott believes
The intelligence of infants originates from some kind of trauma, loss and disillusionment
但这种幻灭是不可避免的,也是一个人心智发展所必需的。
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But this disillusionment is inevitable
It is also necessary for the development of a person's mind.
没有父母能够完美地回应婴儿的需求。
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No parent can perfectly respond to their baby's needs.
与其试图避免破裂,更重要的是学会修复这种破裂。
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Rather than trying to avoid rupture
More importantly, learn to repair this rupture
如果母亲能够及时回来并回应婴儿的情绪,婴儿仍然会觉得母亲是安全的、可预测的。
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If my mother could come back in time
and respond to the baby's emotions
The baby will still feel that the mother is safe
Predictable
他的想象力和思维得到了证实。
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His imagination and thinking were confirmed.
他会觉得,即使母亲不在身边,他也可以唤起对母亲的记忆、表征和象征来安慰自己。
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He will feel
Even if my mother is not here
He can also call upon his memory
Representation and symbolism of the mother
To comfort yourself
例如,一条毯子、一个枕头和一个毛绒玩具,这些都是过渡客体(transitional objects: 婴儿在从母婴共生状态向独立个体发展过程中,用于安抚自己的物品,如毯子、玩具)。
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For example, a blanket, a pillow and a stuffed animal
These are transitional objects.
它们也可以被视为母亲的象征。
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It can also be seen as a symbol of mother
它们承载着孩子被抱时的感官记忆,并给予孩子安全感。
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They carry the sensory memory of children being held
And give children a sense of security
符号化能力与情感整合
如果孩子总是在一个安全的依恋环境中,那么随着孩子的发展,他会试图将原本只存在于亲子互动中的安全感,传播和迁移到更广泛的领域。
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If children are always in a secure attachment environment
Then as children develop
He will try
The sense of security that originally existed only in parent-child interaction
To spread and migrate to a wider area
例如,延伸到一本书、一首歌、一个动作。
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For example, extend to a book, a song, a movement
它们看起来不像母亲,但却提供了熟悉和安全的体验。
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They don't look like their mother.
But it provides a familiar and safe experience
等到他长大后,他的符号会传播到非常抽象的层面,例如艺术、哲学、科学、某些概念等等。
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Wait until you grow up
His symbols spread to a very abstract level
Such as art, philosophy, science, certain concepts, etc.
当他学习一些复杂的理论时,会感受到一种原始而持续的兴奋和愉悦。
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When he is learning some complex theories
Feel a primitive and continuous excitement and pleasure
孩子的符号运用能力越发达,他就越能接受与母亲的分离。
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The more developed a child's ability to use symbols is,
The more he can accept the separation from his mother
能够以高度复杂和精确的方式运用符号的能力,就相当于一个人的智慧和创造力。
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The ability to use symbols with great complexity and precision
It is equivalent to a person's wisdom and creativity
此时,他的幻想是理性与情感同步互动,相互强化,相互关联。
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at this time
His fantasy is that reason and emotion interact synchronously
Mutually reinforcing and interconnected
当事人可以思考,同时也能自由地体验自己的感受,还可以用符号来表达这些感受。
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The parties can think
At the same time, you can freely experience your own feelings
You can also use symbols to express these feelings
表达出来。
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Express it
这是一个整合和统一的过程。
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This is a process of integration and unification
当母爱缺席或不可预测时
然而,如果母亲的照护来得太晚或不可预测,那么婴儿的全能感就会被突然打破。
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However
If mother's care comes too late
or unpredictable
Then the baby's sense of omnipotence will be suddenly broken
他的世界突然变得危险和未知。
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His world suddenly became dangerous and unknown
此时,婴儿的心智将被迫过度调动,以应对这场危机。
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At this time, the baby's mind will be forced to over-mobilize
To deal with this crisis
这也是温尼科特接下来要谈到的重点。
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This is also the point that Winnicott will talk about next.
关于这个话题,我们下期再聊。
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About this topic
Let’s talk about it in the next episode
结语与联系方式
今天的视频就到这里。
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That's all for today's video.
如果你有任何困惑或问题,想与我交流,可以直接联系我的邮箱。
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If you have any confusion or questions
Want to communicate with me
Just contact my email directly
例如,你想与我讨论一篇文章、一段文字、某个视频、某个社会现象,或者你的日记。
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for example
You want to discuss an article or a paragraph with me
A certain video, a certain social phenomenon
Or your diary
请提前将相关文本发送给我,我会在正式交流前阅读。
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Please send me the relevant text in advance.
I will read it before the formal communication
或者你想与我讨论你的人生经历、困惑和情感,都可以。
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Or you want to discuss your life experience with me
Confusion and emotion
All are possible
如果你对隐私、安全、支付和沟通方式有任何疑问,也请及时告诉我。
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If you are concerned about privacy, security
Any questions about payment and communication methods
Please also tell me in time
如果你无法支付或加入会员,也请联系我,我将提供其他方式。
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If you are unable to pay or join the membership
Please also contact me
I will provide other ways
详情请参考这张图片。
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Please refer to this picture for details
我将把这段视频放入“心理学与教育”的列表中。
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I will post this video
Put it in the list of "Psychology and Education"
也推荐大家查看此列表中的其他视频。
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Also recommend to everyone
Check out my other videos in this list
感谢观看,再见!
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Thank you for watching
goodbye!