拥抱未知:好奇心如何驱动发现与学习 TED 2025-12-05

未知之美:好奇心驱动的探索

举手示意,如果你不知道这是什么。

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Raise your hand if you don't know what this is.

那是在维苏威火山(Mount Vesuvius: 意大利那不勒斯附近的一座活火山)喷发期间,变成玻璃状的人类大脑。

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That is a human brain turned to glass during the Mount Vesuvius eruption.

但更奇怪的是。

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But it gets weirder.

只有这个人的大脑变成了玻璃,而他的其他器官没有,这让科学家们困惑不解,不明白火山灰云是如何创造出精确的温度条件,将活体组织锻造成玻璃的。

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Only this man's brain turned to glass, not his other organs, leaving scientists baffled about how ash clouds could create the precise temperature conditions to forge glass from living tissue.

如果你不知道这是什么,那么你就来对地方了。

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If you didn't know what this was, then you're exactly where you should be.

因为这场演讲的主题就是“未知”的力量。

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Because this talk is about the power of not knowing.

以下是为什么这一点在当下比以往任何时候都更重要。

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Here's why this matters now more than ever.

我们生活在一个绝对痴迷于立即获得正确答案的文化中。

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We live in a culture that's absolutely obsessed with having the right answer immediately.

社交媒体奖励自信的“热点评论”,而非充满好奇的问题。

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Social media rewards confident hot takes over curious questions.

每个人似乎都应该随时随地成为所有事情的专家。

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Everyone is supposed to be an expert in everything all the time.

稍微犯一点错——就会被“取消”(指在社交媒体上被抵制或失去声誉)。

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Get something remotely wrong -- canceled.

这令人筋疲力尽。

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It's exhausting.

但我想我找到了另一种方式。

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But I think I found another way.

从“万事通”到好奇心驱动

当我创办我的频道“今日我学到”(Today I Learned)时,两年内就吸引了两百多万人关注。

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When I started my channel, Today I Learned, in two years over two million people followed.

他们不是为了专家意见或热门评论,而是为了更简单的东西:共同的好奇心。

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Not for expert opinions or hot takes, but for something simpler: shared curiosity.

这很讽刺,因为我过去完全是反其道而行之。

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Which is ironic because I used to be the complete opposite.

在此之前,我曾是一个正在戒除“万事通”习性的人,实际上是一个渴望成为“万事通”却惨遭失败的人。

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Before this I was a recovering know-it-all, actually a wannabe know-it-all who was failing spectacularly at it.

加州大学旧金山分校(UCSF: University of California, San Francisco)攻读博士学位期间,我痴迷于确定性,总想在别人提问之前就给出正确答案。

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During my doctorate at UCSF, I was obsessed with certainty and having the right answer before anyone even asked the question.

新冠疫情(COVID: Coronavirus Disease 2019)爆发时,我开始发布科学视频作为一种创意宣泄,但即便那时我仍旧限制自己。

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When COVID hit, I started posting science videos as a creative outlet, but even then I constrained myself.

“哈里尼,只发布你懂的东西,”所以我严格地只谈药学话题,那是我所谓的专业领域。

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Only post about things you know, Harini, so I stuck rigidly to pharmacy topics, my supposed area of expertise.

说实话,那内容真是引人入胜(反语)。

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And let me tell you, it was real riveting stuff.

特奥蒂瓦坎的启示

后来我去了墨西哥。

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Then I went to Mexico.

我站在特奥蒂瓦坎金字塔(Teotihuacán Pyramids: 位于墨西哥城东北部的古代中美洲城市遗址)前,烈日炎炎,突然领悟到了一些深刻的东西。

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I was standing in front of the Teotihuacán pyramids in the blazing heat when I realized something profound.

我完全不知道我眼前看到的是什么。

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I had no idea what I was looking at.

谁建造了它?

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Who built this?

为什么在这里?

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Why here?

他们去了哪里?

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Where did they go?

我没有因为无知而感到尴尬,反而感到生机勃勃。

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Instead of feeling embarrassed that I didn't know, I felt alive.

每一处雕刻都是一个谜团,它以药学计算从未有过的方式,让我的大脑兴奋不已。

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Every carving was a mystery that made my brain tingle in ways that pharmaceutical calculations never did.

那天晚上,我无法停止研究。

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That night, I couldn't stop researching.

不是为了成为专家,而是为了满足我的好奇心。

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Not to become an expert, but to feed my curiosity.

我制作了一个关于特奥蒂瓦坎的视频,发布后就去睡觉了,期待着像往常一样,收到我父母和丈夫的三个赞。

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I made a video about Teotihuacán, posted it and went to sleep, expecting my usual three likes from my parents and my husband.

醒来时,我有了四万名新粉丝。

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I woke to 40,000 new followers.

我的第一个爆红视频与我八年的高等教育毫无关系。

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My first viral video had nothing to do with my eight years of higher education.

它讲述的是我,一个普通人,对古代建筑痴迷不已,然后分享了那些考古学家们毕生致力于拼凑特奥蒂瓦坎之谜的非凡工作。

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It was about me, a human being, nerding out over ancient architecture and then sharing the incredible work of the archaeologists who spent lifetimes piecing together the mysteries of Teotihuacán.

我突然明白了这一点。

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Here's what hit me.

人们关注我,不是因为我是专家。

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People weren't following me because I was an expert.

他们关注我,是因为我充满好奇。

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They were following me because I was curious.

好奇心是会传染的。

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And curiosity is contagious.

好奇心的力量:科学的普及

因为这就是我们时代的悖论。

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Because here is the paradox of our time.

我们拥有无限的信息获取渠道,但同时也面临无限的错误信息。

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We have infinite access to information, but also infinite misinformation.

阴谋论获得的点击量比同行评审的研究还要多。

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Conspiracy theories get more clicks than peer-reviewed studies.

自信的胡言乱语传播速度比严谨的科学更快。

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Confident nonsense spreads faster than careful science.

在这种混乱中,支持可信的声音并让这些工作易于获取,似乎能唤醒人们内心的一些东西。

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In that chaos, championing credible voices and making that work accessible seem to unlock something in people.

因为在那之后,我的评论区里充斥着“TIL”(Today I Learned: 今日我学到)的留言。

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Because after that, my comments exploded with TIL: Today I Learned.

在那一刻,我的使命变得清晰。

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In that moment, my mission became clear.

将最严谨、最令人惊叹的研究变得如此引人入胜,以至于有人在凌晨两点刷手机时会停下来,心想:“等等,这是什么?”

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Take the most rigorous, mind-blowing research and make it so captivating that someone scrolling at 2am stops and goes, “Wait, what?”

因为科学属于每个人,它不应该被简化,而应该以其应有的激动人心的方式被呈现。

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Because science is for everyone, not dumbed down, but translated with the excitement it deserves.

那天晚上我更改了频道名称,再也没有回头。

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I changed my channel name that night and didn't look back.

科学发现的案例

这就是我的好奇心带我去的地方。

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Here's where my curiosity has taken me.

有一位72岁的地质学家,他在**《侠盗猎车手6》**(GTA 6: Grand Theft Auto VI,一款即将发布的电子游戏)问世之前,重新书写了生命的起源。

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There is a 72-year-old geologist who rewrote the origins of life, before GTA 6.

胡安·曼努埃尔·加西亚·鲁伊斯(Juan Manuel Garcia Ruiz)本可以退休,但他选择重现著名的1952年原始汤实验(primordial soup experiment: 模拟早期地球环境,通过化学反应产生生命所需有机物的实验),这个实验曾向我们展示了地球生命是如何开始的。

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Juan Manuel Garcia Ruiz could have retired, but instead he chose to recreate the famous 1952 primordial soup experiment, the one that showed us how life began on Earth.

但他做了一个微小的改动。

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But with one tiny change.

他没有像原始实验那样使用玻璃容器,而是使用了特氟龙(Teflon: 一种耐高温、耐腐蚀的合成材料)。

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Instead of using a glass container like the original, he used Teflon.

结果呢?什么都没有。

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The result? Nothing.

事实证明,玻璃,特别是其中的二氧化硅(Silica: 一种常见的矿物,主要成分是二氧化硅),是关键。

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Turns out the glass, specifically the silica, was key.

当他重新加入二氧化硅后,他不仅得到了氨基酸(amino acids: 构成蛋白质的基本单位),还得到了所有五种DNA构建块(DNA building blocks: 构成DNA的核苷酸单元)和原细胞(protocells: 被认为是生命起源前,具有部分细胞特征的结构)。

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When he added silica back in, he didn't just get amino acids, he got all five DNA building blocks and protocells.

那些在真正生命出现之前就已存在的自组织结构。

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The self-organizing structures that came right before actual life.

这意味着什么?

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Translation?

地球上的生命可能比我们想象的早了数亿年。

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Life on Earth may have started hundreds of millions of years earlier than we thought.

这本该轰动网络,但大多数人却永远不会听说。

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This should be breaking the internet, but most people will never hear about it.

这就是我试图弥合的鸿沟。

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That is the gap I'm trying to bridge.

因为科学不只属于科学家。

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Because science isn't just for scientists.

当研究人员发现生命如何起源,或揭示古代大脑如何变成玻璃时,这些最终都是关于好奇心、毅力以及提出勇敢问题的人类故事。

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When researchers discover how life began or unlock how ancient brains turned to glass, these are ultimately human stories about curiosity, perseverance, asking brave questions.

每个人都值得体验那种令人振奋的、“我简直不敢相信我们刚刚学到了这个”的时刻。

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And everyone deserves to feel that electrifying, “I can’t believe we just learned that” moment.

就像这个。

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Like this.

2025年,我们首次实时观察到人类胚胎植入类子宫组织的过程。

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For the first time in 2025, we got to witness a human embryo implanting into uterine-like tissue in real time.

从中我们了解到,胚胎会积极地“钻入”,可能像GPS(Global Positioning System: 全球定位系统)信号一样,跟随子宫收缩。

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From this, we learn embryos aggressively burrow, possibly following uterine contractions like GPS signals.

这个过程实际上是会引起身体疼痛的。

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This process is actually physically painful.

无数女性曾感到一阵剧痛,并怀疑自己是否是想象出来的,但她们没有。

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The countless women who felt a sharp twinge and wondered if they'd imagined it, they didn't.

科学只是追上了她们身体早已知道的事实。

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Science just caught up to what their bodies already knew.

我们最终解答了人类发展中最大的一个“黑箱”问题,同时在此过程中验证了数百万女性的经历。

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We finally answered one of human development's biggest black boxes, while validating millions of women's experiences in the process.

拥抱你的“特奥蒂瓦坎”

做了几年之后,我学到了这些。

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After doing this for a few years, here's what I've learned.

人们做出发现,不是因为他们已经知道很多东西。

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People don't make discoveries because they already know things.

他们做出发现,是因为他们痴迷于自己不了解的事物。

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They make discoveries because they get obsessed with the stuff they don't know.

学习不是线性的。

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And learning isn't linear.

它是一个美丽而无尽的循环。

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It's a beautiful, endless loop.

当我分享我对特奥蒂瓦坎的痴迷时,我是在邀请其他四万人和我一起好奇,并向他们展示科学可以像任何网飞(Netflix: 一家流媒体娱乐服务公司)剧集一样引人入胜。

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When I shared my Teotihuacán obsession, I was inviting 40,000 other people to be curious with me and showing them that science can be as captivating as any Netflix series.

看,我的博士学位教会我如何阅读研究报告和批判性思考。

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See, my doctorate taught me how to read studies and think critically.

但我的频道教会我,每个人都应该获得这些知识。

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But my channel taught me that everyone deserves access to that knowledge.

所以这是我对你的挑战。

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So here's my challenge for you.

找到你的特奥蒂瓦坎。

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Find your Teotihuacán.

找到那个让你内心充满光芒的事物,不是因为你理解它,而是因为你不理解它。

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Find the thing that lights you up from the inside, not because you understand it, but because you don't.

也许是量子物理学(quantum physics: 研究微观粒子行为的物理学分支)。

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Maybe it's quantum physics.

也许是酸面包酵头(sourdough starter: 一种用于制作酸面包的活性发酵剂)基本上就是一种可以吃的宠物。

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Maybe it's how sourdough starter is basically a pet you can eat.

任何让你感觉像那个不停问“为什么”直到你父母想尖叫的孩子一样的事物。

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Whatever makes you feel like that kid that asked "why" over and over until your parents wanted to scream.

当我刚开始和我丈夫约会时,他叫我“20个问题”。

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When I first started dating my husband, he called me "20 questions."

把那种能量带到生活中来。

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Bring that energy to the table.

总结来说:保持光荣的、坦然的好奇心。

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TLDR: stay gloriously, unapologetically curious.

好了,我的演讲到此为止,我得去研究真正的亚特兰大城是如何埋藏在我们脚下的。

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All right, that's it from me, I've got to go research how the real city Atlanta is buried beneath our feet.

谢谢。

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Thank you.

📌 文中提及的人物和组织

公司/组织: UCSF, TED

媒体/书籍: Today I Learned

关键字: communication curiosity embracing-unknown learning personal-development