--- author: TED date: '2026-10-23' guest: '' layout: post.njk source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cTHwSER_l-8 speaker: TED tags: - homelessness-prevention - social-safety-net - public-policy - eviction-prevention title: 在流落街头之前：如何通过前端预防终结无家可归危机 summary: '无家可归问题并非不可解决。Destination: Home 组织通过硅谷实践表明，相比事后收容救助，在驱逐边缘提供快速、精准的前端干预不仅能让脆弱家庭保住住所，每投入1美元预防还可为公共开支节省2.47美元。' insight: '' draft: true series: '' category: politics-society area: society-thinking project: [] people: [] companies_orgs: - 'Destination: Home' - University of Notre Dame products_models: [] media_books: [] status: evergreen --- ### 硅谷避难所的婴儿与 Hotel 22 大约 20 年前，我在硅谷最大的无家可归者避难所前台工作。就在那时，塔尼娅（Tanya）走了进来。她看起来筋疲力尽，那是那种无处可去、不知所措所带来的疲惫。她紧紧地将一个小背包抱在胸前，就像那是她仅剩的一切。突然之间，背包开始哭泣。里面是她刚出生的婴儿。
Original English About 20 years ago, I was working the front desk of the largest homeless shelter in Silicon Valley. And that's when Tanya walked in. She looked exhausted, the kind of weary that comes from having no place to go and no idea what to do. She was clutching a satchel tightly to her chest like it was all she had left. And then all of a sudden, the satchel started to cry. Inside was her newborn baby.
她告诉我们，她曾遭到侵犯并因此怀孕。在此之前，她一直在打一份拿最低工资的工作，并在圣何塞（San Jose）租了一间房间。但由于孕期出现并发症，她不得不停止工作。于是她失去了工作，接着又失去了住所。所以当她出院时，她无处可去，没有可以回的家，没有积蓄，也没有可以求助的家人。她出院时得到的，只是一张避难所名单和一枚公交代币。
Original English She shared that she had been assaulted, which led to her pregnancy. Prior to that, she’d been working a minimum-wage job and renting a room in San Jose. But when complications from her pregnancy arose, she had to stop working. So she lost her job and then her home. So when she was discharged from the hospital, she had no place to go, no home to go back to, no savings, no family to call. She was discharged from the hospital with a list of shelters and a bus token.
于是塔尼娅做了我们社区里太多人在陷入危机时会做的事。她坐上了“22路酒店”（Hotel 22）——我们这里唯一一条 24 小时运营的公交线路，它兼作那些无处可去之人的流动避难所。她抱着孩子在那辆公交车上坐了两天。塔尼娅的故事令人心碎，但更糟糕的是，这并不罕见，也非特例。这种事情每天都在美国上演。
Original English So Tanya did what too many people in our community do when they're in crisis. She rode Hotel 22, our only 24-hour bus line that doubles as a moving homeless shelter for those with nowhere else to go. And she rode that bus for two days with her baby in her arms. Tanya's story is heartbreaking, but what's worse is it's not rare. It's not exceptional. This kind of thing happens in America every single day.
### 预防是解决无家可归问题的关键 2024 年，美国的无家可归人数达到了有记录以来的最高水平。全美有超过 77.1 万人流落街头，短短一年内就增加了 18%。而街头每多一人，就有成千上万的人处在悬崖边缘，靠着薪水度日，一次意料之外的账单或危机就会让他们失去一切。我们被灌输了一种观念，认为无家可归问题是无法解决的，它太复杂、成本太高。但事实是，它比大家想象的要容易解决得多。**预防**是随着时间推移让街头无家可归者减少的关键。
Original English In 2024, homelessness in America reached the highest levels ever recorded. There were over 771,000 people without homes in our country, and that was an 18 percent increase in just one year. And for every one person on the streets, there are thousands more on the edge, living paycheck to paycheck, one unexpected bill or crisis away from losing it all. We've been conditioned to believe that homelessness isn't solvable, that it's too complex, that it's too expensive. But the truth is, it's a lot easier to solve than you may think. Prevention is the key to having less people on our streets over time. (Applause)
在公共政策的几乎所有其他领域，我们都懂得预防的价值。我们尽早进行癌症筛查，因为这能挽救生命并节省资金；我们在飓风来临前加固桥梁；每一天，我们每个人上车时都会系上安全带，以防发生意外。但在住房不稳定问题上，我们却反其道而行之。我们宁愿等到危机已经爆发。然而，正如疾病和自然灾害有预警信号一样，无家可归也有：失去工作、家庭成员去世、突发医疗紧急情况——仅举几例。正因为这些模式是可预测的，意味着我们能够且必须尽早介入。因为无家可归并非不可避免。如果我们继续把它当作必然，就永远无法解决它。
Original English In almost every other area of public policy, we understand the value of prevention. We screen for cancer early because it saves lives and money. We reinforce bridges before the hurricanes hit. And every single day, every single one of us puts our seat belts on when we get in the car, just in case we're in an accident. But when it comes to housing insecurity, we like to do the opposite. We prefer to wait until the crisis has already happened. But just like diseases and natural disasters have warning signs, homelessness does too: a missed job, a death in the family, a medical emergency -- just to name a few. And because these patterns are predictable, it means we can and must intervene sooner. Because homelessness doesn't have to be inevitable. And if we continue to act like it is, we will never solve it.
### Destination: Home 的干预模式与成效 2017 年，在生活成本位居全球前列的硅谷，我的机构 Destination: Home 联同一组核心合作伙伴，启动了一套无家可归预防系统。自那时起，我们已经帮助了超过 44,000 人保住自己的住所。不是依靠复杂的项目和繁琐的步骤，而是在最需要的时候，提供迅速、精准且灵活的支持。你看，我们不再等待有人走到避难所门口，而是创造了一种新选择，一套将人们从悬崖边缘拉回来的系统。
Original English In 2017, in Silicon Valley, one of the highest-cost-of-living regions in the world, my organization, Destination: Home, alongside a core set of partners, launched a homelessness prevention system. Since that time, we've helped over 44,000 people remain in their homes. (Cheers and Applause) Not with complicated programs and endless steps, but with fast, targeted, flexible support -- right when it's needed the most. You see, we stopped waiting for someone to show up at a shelter, and we created a new option, a system to pull people back from the brink.
让我来解释它是如何运作的。以单亲妈妈罗丝（Rose）为例，由于突遭裁员，她无法支付房租。现在她欠了房租，正面临被驱逐。于是我们与她会面并完成一份脆弱性评估。我们不仅看她的财务状况，还会查看导致其住房不稳定的所有其他情况。通过这项评估，我们了解到罗丝面临极高的无家可归风险，但只要获得一点点支持，就极有可能继续保住住所。
Original English Let me explain how it works. Take Rose, a single mom who, due to an unexpected layoff, has been unable to pay her rent. So now she owes back rent, and she’s facing eviction. So we meet with her and we complete a vulnerability assessment. We're not just looking at her finances. We're looking at any other conditions that are contributing to her housing insecurity. And through this assessment, we learn that Rose is at severe risk of homelessness, but also likely to be able to stay housed with just a little bit of support.
于是我们迅速行动：在尽可能短的时间内为罗丝提供所需的一切。就她的情况而言，这意味着帮她结清拖欠的房租，与房东协调，并帮助她免遭驱逐。有了这一点点帮助，罗丝和她的儿子得以维持稳定的居住。而且在解决这些问题的过程中，她并不是孤身一人。她配备了一名个案经理，全程陪伴她，协助她适应新工作、申请新福利以及安排新的托儿服务。我们提供的不仅仅是一张支票，我们更是重建生活的伙伴。
Original English So then we act fast: getting Rose what she needs in as short of a time frame as possible. In her case, that meant paying off her back rent, working with her landlord and helping her avoid the eviction. And with that little bit of help, Rose and her son were able to stay stably housed. And she's not alone in figuring this out. She gets a caseworker, someone who sticks with her, helping her navigate her new job, her new benefits, her new childcare. We're not just a check. We're a partner in rebuilding. (Applause)
### 数据验证与社会回报 这不仅是个别案例，它经过了严格的评估。圣母大学（University of Notre Dame）的研究结论非常明确：我们的方法不仅在短期和长期让人们保住住所方面具有统计学上的显著效果，而且我们在预防上每投入 1 美元，就能为公共财政节省 2.47 美元。
Original English And this isn't just anecdotal. It's been rigorously evaluated. The University of Notre Dame's research is clear. Not only is our approach statistically significant at keeping people housed in both the short and longer term, but for every dollar we invested in prevention, we saved the public $2.47. (Applause)
但最重要的数字是什么？是“1”。一位母亲、一个孩子、一个没有跌落社会夹缝的家庭。这才是这项工作的真正核心。不是抽象的统计数据，而是拥有真实生活和未来的真人。通过这项工作，家庭得以保住住所，孩子们能够继续在学校上学，而公共成本也会大幅下降——因为收容所安置、急诊室就诊以及仅仅因为贫穷而逮捕人，其代价要昂贵得多。
Original English But the most important number? One. One mom, one child, one family who didn't have to fall through the cracks. And that's what this is really about. Not abstract statistics, but real people with real lives and real futures. Through this work, families will remain in their homes. Their children will be able to remain in school, and public costs drop dramatically because shelter stays, emergency-room visits and arresting people simply for being poor are far more expensive. (Applause)
### 从地方模式到全国行动：Right at Home 从我还是个孩子的时候起，我的家人就在一所教堂里经营无家可归者避难所。这意味着我目睹了太多的苦难，自那以后我也一直从事这项专业工作，涉足了你能想象到的各种环境——避难所、街头、营地、住房援助项目。而“预防”始终是缺失的那一块拼图。这就是为什么在 Audacious 社区的慷慨支持下，我们发起了“Right at Home”项目，这是一项在无家可归发生之前就将其制止的全国性运动。
Original English My family has been running a homeless shelter out of a church since I was a child. That means I have witnessed a lot of suffering, and I have done this work professionally ever since, in every type of setting you can imagine -- shelters, streets, camps, housing programs. And prevention has always been the missing piece. So that's why, with generous support from the Audacious community, we've launched Right at Home, a national movement to stop homelessness before it starts. (Applause)
我们这样做，是因为我们坚信建立一套能在人们陷入生命最至暗时刻之前真正起效的系统，具有无比重要的价值。现在，我们正在全美 10 个不同形态的社区（包括农村、城市和原住民部落）推广复制这一模式，以证明预防无家可归在任何地方都是可行的。
Original English We're doing this because we believe in the value of creating a system that actually works for people before they are in the worst moments of their lives. So now we're replicating our model across 10 diverse communities: rural, urban and tribal -- all across America -- to prove that preventing homelessness is possible everywhere.
想象一下，如果你今晚不知道将睡在哪里。在仅仅几个小时后你就必须把孩子安顿在汽车后座睡觉的情况下，你今天的工作效率能有多高？如果你不知道你的家人如何熬过今晚，你还能完成多少工作？面对我们的无家可归危机，最显而易见的答案就是在它发生之前将其彻底制止。携起手来，我们可以在无家可归发生之前将其终结；携起手来，我们能让人们安居家园。谢谢大家。
Original English Imagine if you didn't know where you were going to sleep tonight. How productive would you be able to be today, when in just a few hours, you know you'll be putting your children to sleep in the back of your car? How much work would you get done if you didn't know how your family was going to survive the night? The single most obvious answer to our homelessness crisis is to stop it from ever happening in the first place. (Applause) Together, we can stop homelessness before it starts. And together, we can keep people right at home. Thank you. (Applause and cheers)