---
author: TVO Today
date: '2026-05-05'
guest: ''
layout: post.njk
source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NjoqFt-WTVo
speaker: TVO Today
tags:
- electric-vehicle
- ev-market
- charging-infrastructure
- government-policy
- total-cost-of-ownership
title: 挪威如何建成电动车国度？安大略省能否效仿？
summary: 本期节目深入探讨了挪威在普及电动汽车方面的经验，并将其与安大略省的现状进行比较。节目分析了加拿大电动汽车的市场动态，包括销售趋势、中国品牌的影响、购车成本（特别是总拥有成本和维护费用），以及零排放车辆（ZEV）政策、充电基础设施建设（特别是多单元建筑面临的挑战）。专家指出，安大略省在支持力度上处于中等水平，并强调了教育和基础设施建设对加速电动汽车普及的关键作用，尤其是在二手市场和车队应用方面。
insight: ''
draft: true
series: ''
category: tech-trends
area: tech-engineering
project: []
people: []
companies_orgs:
- Plug'n Drive
- Dunsky Energy and Climate Advisors
products_models: []
media_books: []
status: evergreen
---
### 导言：电动汽车的全球格局与安省的挑战
**主持人**: **挪威**自诩为世界**电动汽车**之都。
这并非偶然。
它提供了激励措施，并在全国安装了超过 9000 个快速充电桩。
这个省（**安大略省**）是否应该做得更多？我们将探讨在**安大略省**购买和驾驶电动汽车的难易程度，以及当更多**中国汽车**进入市场时会发生什么。
**Cara Clairman** 是非营利组织 **Plug'n Drive** 的总裁兼首席执行官。
**Lindsay Wiginton** 是 **Dunsky Energy and Climate Advisors** 公司的清洁出行实践联合负责人。
很高兴两位来到我们的演播室。
你们感觉怎么样？
>> 感觉很棒。
谢谢。
>> 很高兴来到这里。
Original English
**Host**: Norway calls itself the electric
vehicle capital of the world.
And it didn't get there by
accident.
It offers incentives and has
installed more than 9000 fast
chargers across the country.
Should this province be doing
more, we find out how easy it is
to buy and drive an EV in
Ontario, and what will happen
when more Chinese cars hit the
market.
Cara Clairman is president and
CEO of the non-profit Plug'n
Drive.
Lindsay Wiginton is the co-lead
of Clean Mobility practice at
Dunsky Energy and Climate
Advisors.
Great to have you both in our
studio.
How are you guys doing?
>> Doing great.
Thank you.
>> Glad to be here.
### 加拿大电动汽车销售趋势与市场需求
**主持人**: 好了。
为了开启我们的对话，我想展示一张图表，显示近期加拿大**零排放汽车**（zero emission vehicles）的销售“过山车”。
可以看到，2024 年某些月份的销量几乎占新车销量的 20%，但在补贴消失和经济疲软的背景下，年底销量有所下滑。
但到 2025 年底，看到了一点希望。
电动汽车约占加拿大新车销量的 12.5%。
好了，如果加拿大的电动汽车销量持续反弹，哪些汽车将最受欢迎？
是中国制造的，还是西方制造的？
Cara。
>> 我认为会是西方制造的。
人们更熟悉。
人们对中国电动汽车仍存在一些顾虑，尽管它们最终会销售。
一旦人们变得更加熟悉。
所以我认为在未来的几年里，我们会看到更多的接受度。
但可能在第一年左右，会少一些。
>> 当我们谈论西方汽车时，我们说的是什么类型的品牌？
我们。
>> 认为，我的意思是，所有品牌都在这里。
我的意思是，现在最受欢迎的品牌往往是 **GM** 车辆。
**Hyundai**、**Kia**、**Toyota** 也在迎头赶上。
是的。
我们看到，我们看到了所有的品牌。
>> 好了。
Lindsay，你呢？
现在我们应该提到，中国电动汽车不符合联邦补贴的资格。
这可能也与此有关。
但就价格而言，有估计认为它们价格相当低。
那么我们认为未来的方向是怎样的？
我们要转向中国电动汽车吗？还是转向西方制造的车辆？
>> 也许我会结合一些数据来回答。
所以，在 2024 年，当我们的销量达到全国 15% 的水平时，当年全国售出了约 20 万辆电动汽车。
其中约四分之一是来自中国的 49,000 辆电动汽车，那是我们在征收关税之前就接收的。
所以我的猜测是，未来几年这个比例可能会保持不变。
Original English
**Host**: All right.
To kick off our conversation, I
want to pull up a chart showing
the sales roller coaster that
zero emission vehicles have
taken in Canada recently.
So you can see that sales in
some months of 2024 were almost
20% of new cars, but they fell
off late in the year after
rebates disappeared and amid a
weaker economy.
But by the end of 2025, a little
hope there.
EVs accounted for roughly 12.5%
of new vehicle sales across
Canada.
All right, so if EV sales
continue to rebound in Canada,
which cars will have the biggest
demand?
Is it the ones that are being
made in China or are they the
ones being made in the West?
Kara.
>> Well, I think it will be the
ones made in the West.
People have more familiarity.
There's still some fear around
the Chinese EVs, although they
will they will sell.
And once people become more
familiar.
So I think in future years we'll
see more uptake.
But probably in the first year
or so a little less so.
>> And when we're talking about
cars in the West, what type of
brands are we?
Are we.
>> Thinking, I mean, all the
brands are here.
I mean, right now the most
popular brands tend to be GM
vehicles.
Hyundai, Kia, Toyota is coming
up there.
Yeah.
We're seeing we're seeing all
the brands.
>> All right.
Lindsay, how about you?
Now we should mention that the
Chinese EVs don't qualify for
the federal rebates.
That may have something to do
with that as well.
But in terms of a price point,
there are estimates that they
come quite lower.
So where do we where do we think
we're going?
Are we going Chinese EVs?
Are we going vehicles made in
the West?
>> Maybe I'll answer leaning on
some of the numbers.
So in 2024, when we were at that
15% level of sales across the
country, there were about
200,000 EVs sold in that year.
And about a quarter of those was
the 49,000 EVs from China that
we were receiving then before
those tariffs were applied.
So my guess would be that that
proportion would look about the
same in the coming years.
### 购车成本：总拥有成本与维护费用
**主持人**: 我很好奇我与一些朋友和家人之间的对话，关于应该选择哪个方向。
电动汽车通常比普通汽车贵，但这将开始改变，因为我们看到。
Cara，潜在买家在试图弄清楚的不仅仅是初始成本，还有使用寿命。
对成本？
>> 这正是我要说的。
当你说它们成本更高时，是的，标价更高，但**总拥有成本**（total cost of ownership）要低得多。
所以我们回答的许多问题都是为了帮助人们认识到，无论是否有补贴，他们驾驶这些汽车实际上会省钱。
补贴肯定有帮助，但老实说，这个商业案例是存在的，因为随着时间的推移，你会省钱。
尤其是现在汽油价格很高，我的意思是，如果你每升汽油支付 2 美元，我支付约 0.27 美元。
这是一个巨大的区别。
>> 举个车辆的例子。
当我们看一辆电动汽车时，汽油是一回事，不用付油钱。
但电动汽车的**维护**和其他方面怎么样？
>> 平均而言，维护成本较低，因为电动汽车的**活动部件**非常少。
一辆汽油车有大约 1800 到 2000 个活动部件。
电动汽车的活动部件要少得多，只有 20 到 30 个。
所以你可以想象，活动部件越少，需要修理的东西就越少。
而且很多系统根本不存在。
因此，你的维护成本通常会低得多。
所以电动汽车的整体总拥有成本要低得多。
事实上，你将支付的差额，也就是目前大约 5000 美元，如果考虑到补贴，你将在大约两年的驾驶时间内就能收回。
>> 哦，哇。
Original English
**Host**: All right.
I'm curious about conversations
that I'm having with some of my
friends and family about which
direction does one go.
EVs are usually more expensive
than regular vehicles, but that
will start to change as we see.
Carol, what kinds of questions
do potential buyers ask when
trying to figure out not just
the initial cost, but the
lifeline.
Right cost?
>> Well, that's exactly what I
was going to say.
When you say they cost more,
yes, the sticker price is more,
but the total cost of ownership
is much, much less.
And so a lot of the questions we
answer is to try to help show
people that they'll actually
save money driving these cars
with or without a rebate.
The rebates definitely help, but
to be honest, the the business
case is there because over time
you're going to save.
And especially with the high gas
prices right now, I mean, if
you're paying $2 a litre, I'm
paying about $0.27.
And that's a huge difference.
>> Give me an example of a
vehicle.
When we're looking at an EV, gas
and gas is one thing not having
to pay for that.
But how about maintenance and
stuff like that for an electric
vehicle?
>> Well, maintenance on average
is less because an EV has very
few moving parts.
A gas car has somewhere in the
order of 1800 to 2000 moving
parts.
An EV has many orders of
magnitude less, like 20 to 30
moving parts.
And so you can just imagine
fewer moving parts means less
things to break.
And a lot of systems just not
there.
And so your maintenance tends to
be much, much lower.
And so the overall total cost of
ownership is much lower in EV.
And in fact, the difference
you're going to pay, which is
right now around 5000 bucks, if
you take into account the
rebate, you'll make that back in
about two years of driving.
>> Oh, wow.
### 零排放车辆（ZEV）政策与购车选择
**主持人**: 好的。
Lindsay，我希望你能将省份的零排放**规定**（zero emission mandate）与潜在购车者**电动汽车**的可及性联系起来，因为有些省份没有这项规定。
>> 当然。
是的。
所以这项名为零排放车辆**规定**（zero emission vehicle mandate）的政策，基本上是联邦政府或省级政府可以颁布的一项法规，要求汽车制造商每年销售一定比例的电动汽车，并设定一个目标。
通常，这个目标会随着时间推移而增加。
所以在去年年中之前，我们联邦层面确实有一项这样的规定，后来被暂停了，最近被一种略有不同的法规所取代。
但**不列颠哥伦比亚省**（B.C.）和**魁北克省**（Quebec）已经实行了这些 ZEV **规定**好几年了。
因此，由于汽车制造商被要求销售一定比例的电动汽车，否则将面临罚款，所以供应量就流向了那里。
因此，过去 5 到 6 年里，**不列颠哥伦比亚省**和**魁北克省**的消费者拥有了更多的选择。
并非必须在那些地方购买汽油车，但如果你要寻找纯电动或插电式混合动力车型，选择会多得多。
**安大略省**在供应方面一直处于中等水平。
你知道，我们有作为大市场和良好购买力的优势。
所以我们可能没有像某些**大西洋省份**（Atlantic provinces）那样经历短缺，但**安大略省**确实没有当地的补贴，这意味着消费者的整体选择更少。
>> 我猜等待时间也更长。
>> 绝对。
>> 那意味着什么？
我们是在等待？
是几周、几个月还是几年？
>> 这真的很难说。
我的公司曾参与过一些调查，我们致电经销商，说我想买这种车。
我需要等多久？
我们看到这些数字在上下波动。
我的意思是，我听到有人说要等一年左右的时间。
你可能也听过这些故事。
>> 尤其是在**新冠疫情**（Covid）期间。
我的意思是，任何汽车的等待名单都很长。
我发现这真的取决于品牌。
所以很多时候，当人们想选择电动汽车时，他们必须有点灵活，因为。
所以他们倾向于看几个不同的品牌。
他们不像人们通常对汽油车那样忠于品牌。
>> 我想象不仅是品牌，甚至颜色之类的。
>> 比如你。
>> 必须。
>> 必须接受，接受你能得到什么。
Original English
>> And when we're talking about
cars in the West, what type of
brands are we?
Are we.
>> Thinking, I mean, all the
brands are here.
I mean, right now the most
popular brands tend to be GM
vehicles.
Hyundai, Kia, Toyota is coming
up there.
Yeah.
We're seeing we're seeing all
the brands.
>> All right.
Lindsay, how about you?
Now we should mention that the
Chinese EVs don't qualify for
the federal rebates.
That may have something to do
with that as well.
But in terms of a price point,
there are estimates that they
come quite lower.
So where do we where do we think
we're going?
Are we going Chinese EVs?
Are we going vehicles made in
the West?
>> Maybe I'll answer leaning on
some of the numbers.
So in 2024, when we were at that
15% level of sales across the
country, there were about
200,000 EVs sold in that year.
And about a quarter of those was
the 49,000 EVs from China that
we were receiving then before
those tariffs were applied.
So my guess would be that that
proportion would look about the
same in the coming years.
>> All right.
I'm curious about conversations
that I'm having with some of my
friends and family about which
direction does one go.
EVs are usually more expensive
than regular vehicles, but that
will start to change as we see.
Carol, what kinds of questions
do potential buyers ask when
trying to figure out not just
the initial cost, but the
lifeline.
Right cost?
>> Well, that's exactly what I
was going to say.
When you say they cost more,
yes, the sticker price is more,
but the total cost of ownership
is much, much less.
And so a lot of the questions we
answer is to try to help show
people that they'll actually
save money driving these cars
with or without a rebate.
The rebates definitely help, but
to be honest, the the business
case is there because over time
you're going to save.
And especially with the high gas
prices right now, I mean, if
you're paying $2 a litre, I'm
paying about $0.27.
And that's a huge difference.
>> Give me an example of a
vehicle.
When we're looking at an EV, gas
and gas is one thing not having
to pay for that.
But how about maintenance and
stuff like that for an electric
vehicle?
>> Well, maintenance on average
is less because an EV has very
few moving parts.
A gas car has somewhere in the
order of 1800 to 2000 moving
parts.
An EV has many orders of
magnitude less, like 20 to 30
moving parts.
And so you can just imagine
fewer moving parts means less
things to break.
And a lot of systems just not
there.
And so your maintenance tends to
be much, much lower.
And so the overall total cost of
ownership is much lower in EV.
And in fact, the difference
you're going to pay, which is
right now around 5000 bucks, if
you take into account the
rebate, you'll make that back in
about two years of driving.
>> Oh, wow.
Okay, Lindsay, I'm hoping you
can connect the dots between the
province, a province, because
some don't have it, a zero
emission mandate versus how
accessible EVs are to potential
buyers.
>> Sure.
Yeah.
So the policy that's called a
zero emission vehicle mandate is
basically a regulation that
either the federal government or
provincial government can pass
that says automakers need to
sell a certain proportion of
electric vehicles in each year,
and they set a target.
And typically that target
increases over time.
And so up until sort of mid last
year, we did have one of those
in place federally that was
paused and recently replaced
with a slightly different kind
of regulation.
But the provinces of B.C.
and Quebec have had those Zev
mandates in place for several
years now.
And so because those automakers
are required to sell a certain
portion of EVs or else they'll
pay a penalty, that's where the
supply goes.
And so consumers in B.C.
and Quebec have had a lot more
choice over the last 5 or 6
years.
And it's not that you have to
buy a gas car in those places,
but you have a lot more choice
if you're going to look at for
sure, fully plug in or plug in
hybrid options.
Ontario has been kind of middle
of the pack in terms of supply.
You know, we have the advantage
of being a big market with a
decent amount of purchasing
power.
So maybe we haven't seen the
shortages that some Atlantic
provinces have had, but
certainly not having that rebate
locally has meant less choice
for consumers overall.
>> I imagine waiting longer as
well.
>> Definitely.
>> What does that mean?
Are we waiting?
Is it weeks, months, years?
>> It really fluctuates.
We my firm has been involved in
doing some surveys where we, you
know, we call dealerships and we
say, I want to buy this kind of
car.
How long do I have to wait?
And we see those numbers kind of
jumping up and down.
I mean, I hear stories about
people waiting on the order of
something more like a year or
more.
You probably hear those stories.
>> Especially during Covid.
I mean, the waiting list was for
any car was really long.
I find it's really brand
variable.
And so a lot of times when
people want to choose an EV,
they have to be a little bit
flexible because.
And so they tend to look at a
few different brands.
They're not as brand loyal as
people typically are with gas
cars.
>> I imagine not just brands as
well, but even colours and
things.
>> Like you.
>> Have to.
>> Have to accept, accept what
you can get.
### 安省的充电网络基础设施
**主持人**: 好的，记下了。
让我们来谈谈**安大略省**的基础设施。
路上的充电网络和家里的充电网络是什么样的？
>> 好的。
所以，要记住的重要一点是，如果你住在独栋房屋或联排别墅，在家安装充电器非常简单。
这也是大多数人喜欢的方式。
当然，早期采用者往往拥有更多资源。
所以他们倾向于住在独栋房屋里的人。
那大约 80% 的电动汽车买家是房主。
所以他们在家就有插座。
因此，公共基础设施的重要性就没那么高了。
现在我们正朝着主流迈进，越来越多的人将依赖公共充电，他们可能住在无法安装充电器的地方，比如公寓或单元房。
我想说，作为一个非常早期的采用者，基础设施实际上相当不错。
我知道，你知道，新闻说这对我们这些开了很多年车的人来说并不好，但它比以前好多了。
>> 这是因为你现在知道去哪里了吗？
>> 是的。
而且，还有很棒的应用程序可以查看它们在哪里。
所以，如果你住在加拿大城市或郊区，基础设施实际上相当不错。
比如全国有超过 40,000 个充电桩。
其中很多是快速充电桩。
棘手的地方是，如果你开车去乡村、偏远地区。
当然，我们中的很多人永远不会那样做。
但对于那些这样做的人来说，这是一个挑战。
然后当然，还有多单元建筑的挑战。
>> 好了。
Lindsay。
>> 嗯，也许我可以接着你关于多单元建筑挑战的说法。
所以，我认为最大的差距之一是，**安大略省**有一个公共充电的公共资助项目，总的来说，它被称为“Charge On”。
最近发布了第二批资金。
所以这有助于建设一些“随走随充”的基础设施。
但在**多伦多**这样的地方，超过一半的人住在多户住宅楼里。
所以我们绝对需要考虑这些居民如何才能在家充电，对于现有建筑，你可以进行改造，这通常需要某种形式的公共支持。
但对于新建筑来说，其实相当简单，实施一项法规，规定只需添加接线，就像我们为炉灶添加接线一样。
如今，对于干衣机和洗衣机，没有人会质疑这一点。
但我们**安大略省**的许多市政当局仍在建造没有连接到停车位接线的**新公寓**。
在每个停车位上做一些类似 1500 美元的工作可能非常划算，而这个人随后就能轻松安装充电器，并为未来节省每月 1600 到 2000 美元。
当他们换成电动汽车时。
>> 我们称之为“预布线”（roughing in），你知道，他们只需要预布线。
当然，在建造建筑物时进行预布线是最便宜的。
而改造可能会非常昂贵，因为那时你需要在水泥、地板和墙壁上钻孔。
昂贵的不是充电器。
昂贵的是土木工程。
Original English
>> All right.
Let's talk about infrastructure
here in Ontario.
What does the charging network
look like, whether it's on the
road or in your homes?
>> All right.
So so the important thing to
remember is if you live in a
single family home or a
townhouse, really simple to get
a charger at home.
And that's the way most people
prefer to do it.
And of course, early adopters,
they tended to have more
resources.
So they tended to be folks who
lived in single family homes.
And that was like 80% of EV
buyers were homeowners.
So they just got a plug at home.
And so the public infrastructure
was less important.
Now that we're moving more into
the mainstream, there's more and
more people who will be relying
on the public charging, who
might live somewhere where they
can't get a charger, a condo or
an apartment.
I would say as like a very early
adopter that the infrastructure
is actually quite good.
I know that, you know, the news
is that it's not that good for
those of us who've been driving
a long time, it's so much better
than it used to be.
>> Is that because you know
where to go now?
>> Yes.
And also, there's great apps
available to see where they are.
And so if you live in urban
suburban Canada, the
infrastructure is actually quite
good.
Like more than 40,000 chargers
across the country.
A lot of those are fast
chargers.
Where it gets dicey is if you're
driving rural, remote, remote.
And of course, a lot of us are
never doing that.
But for the folks that are,
that's a challenge.
And then of course, the multi
unit challenge.
>> All right.
Lindsay.
>> Well, maybe I'll jump on that
segue with the multi-unit
challenge.
So I think one of the biggest
gaps, like Ontario has a public
funding program for public
charging in general, it's called
charge on.
There was a second tranche of
funding released recently.
So that's helping to build out
some of that, you know, on the
go charging infrastructure.
But in a place like Toronto,
more than half of people live in
a multi-family building.
So we definitely need to think
about how those folks will have
options for charging at home for
existing buildings you can
retrofit, and that will often
take some form of public support
to be able to do that.
But for new buildings, it's
actually quite straightforward
to put in place a regulation
that says, just add the wiring
in the same way that we add
wiring for a stove.
And nowadays for dryers and
washers, nobody questions that.
But we are still in many
municipalities in Ontario
building new condos that don't
have wiring to the parking
spots.
It can be really cost effective
to do like something like $1,500
a parking spot, and that person
then will have the option to
easily install a charger and
save 1600, 2000 a month going
forward.
When they do switch to an EV.
>> And we call that roughing in,
you know, they just need to
rough it in.
And it's cheapest, of course, to
do it when the building is being
built.
And a retrofit can be very
expensive because then you're
drilling through cement and
floors and walls.
It's not the chargers that are
expensive.
It's the civil work that really
gets expensive.
### 安省支持零排放车辆的现状与其他省份对比
**主持人**: 好的，Lindsay，你如何评价**安大略省**对零排放汽车的支持与**其他省份**相比？
稍微提一下。我们可以看看**魁北克省**和**BC省**，但我们在哪里呢？
>> 我认为我们处于中游水平，几年前我们发布了一个**评分卡**，**安大略省**大致就在那里。
所以我们的一些优势在于，我们在电力费率方面有一些选择，这对充电运营商、电动汽车用户和车队来说都非常有益。
我们确实在公共充电方面进行了投资，我刚才提到了，但有些方面我们没有。
所以我们没有像那两个省那样额外的省级**补贴**。
而且，我们还没有普遍的规定要求像 Cara 刚才提到的那种“预布线”（rough-in）。
事实上，一些市政当局已经将其纳入了自己的**法规**。
目前有一些疑问，关于省政府是否会允许这些规定得以维持，以及他们希望如何“管理”这个发展体系。
所以这是一个大问题，因为如果人们无法充电，他们就不会购买电动汽车。
>> 你希望。
>> 至少要求预布线十年。
所以在过去十年里建造的所有多单元建筑，它们都应该是**电动汽车**就绪，预布线就绪。
对我来说，如果你要建造一座有望存在 50 年或更长时间的建筑，不预布线以应对我们所知的未来，似乎是说不通的。
Original English
>> All right, Lindsay, how would
you rate Ontario's support for
zero emission vehicles compared
to other provinces?
Touch on a little bit.
We can obviously look at Quebec
and BC, but where do we stand
here?
>> I'd put us squarely in the
middle of the pack, and that's
where we published a scorecard a
few years ago.
That's sort of where Ontario
landed.
So some of the strengths working
in our favour are we have some
options around electricity rates
that are really helpful for both
charging operators and EV users
and fleets.
We do have the investment in
public charging that I
mentioned, some things we don't
have.
So we don't have an additional
provincial rebate like those
other two provinces have.
And we yeah, do not yet have
across the board rules that
would require those ruffians
that Kerry's speaking about.
And in fact, some municipalities
have gone so far as to adopt
that into their own bylaws.
And there's some questions right
now about whether the provincial
government is going to let that
stand in the ways that they're
hoping to sort of manage the
development system.
So that's a big concern, because
if people can't charge, they're
not going to purchase an EV.
>> What would you like.
>> To see the requirement to
rough in for ten years at least.
And so all multi-unit buildings
that have been built in the last
ten years, they're all EV ready,
rough and ready.
And I mean, to me, if you're
going to build a building that's
going to be around hopefully for
50 years or more, it just seems
nonsensical not to rough in for
what we know is coming.
### 车队（Fleet）电动汽车销售
**主持人**: 好的，Lindsay，你提到了车队。
所以我想知道，因为我们现在关注的是消费者销售，但你能告诉我们关于**电动汽车车队**（fleet sales）销售的情况吗？
我们的市政当局和企业是否在大量购买？
>> 他们正在购买。
而且，你知道，我们大部分时间都在谈论所谓的**轻型车辆**（light duty vehicles）。
所以就是汽车、SUV 和轻型卡车。
所以有一些车队使用这些轻型车辆。
还有一些车队使用**重型车辆**（heavy duty vehicles），比如卡车和特种车辆，比如斗式卡车。
总的来说。
我们看到了大量的电动汽车普及。
所以我的公司支持许多市政当局、公用事业车队以及做出这一选择的企业车队。
而且，你知道，正如 Cara 所强调的，我们谈论的是燃料成本，数量级上远小于维护成本。
维护成本大约是燃油车队成本的一半。
所以这里的挑战只是确保市场上有一个型号能够匹配这些商用车辆的**工况**（duty cycle）和**使用场景**（use case）。
而这正是我们帮助车队进行匹配分析并预测何时将提供其他型号的服务。
Original English
>> Okay, Lindsay, you mentioned
fleet.
So I am curious because we are
focusing right now on consumer
sales, but what can you tell us
about fleet sales of electric
vehicles, our municipalities and
businesses buying them up?
>> They are.
And, you know, we've been
speaking about what's called
light duty vehicles most of this
time.
So that's like cars, SUVs and
light trucks.
So there are fleets that use
those kinds of light duty
vehicles.
And there are also fleets that
use heavy duty vehicles like
trucks and speciality things
like bucket trucks.
Across the board.
We see a lot of adoption of EVs.
So my firm supports a number of
municipalities, utility fleets,
and also corporate fleets who
have made that choice.
And, you know, as Cara
highlighted, we're talking fuel
costs, orders of magnitude
smaller and maintenance costs
about half of what a gas fleet
costs.
And so the challenge there is
just making sure that there's a
model on the market that matches
the duty cycle and the use case
of those commercial vehicles.
And that's something that we
help fleets do that matching
exercise and anticipate when
those other models are going to
be available.
### 二手电动汽车市场：潜力与顾虑
**主持人**: 我想谈谈我朋友们之间没有谈论过，但在我开始研究之后才意识到的事情，对，我们在谈论汽车。
还有一个**车辆**（vehicles）的**市场**（market），不仅仅是新车刚出经销商。
还有一个**二手市场**。
**二手电动汽车**（used EVs）的市场有多大？
>> 市场很大。
二手市场是一个非常好的市场。
我认为我们面临的问题是，我们已经讨论过了，因为电动汽车是新事物，人们不认为它们是可获得的。
但我们已经有 15 年的**电动汽车**商业化生产经验了。
所以有许多各种品牌和型号，各种价位都有。
事实上，我认为我们听到的最大担忧是，作为帮助人们选择电动汽车的组织，**电池寿命**（battery life）是吗？
因为他们会想，哦，如果它是二手的，我不知道电池的状态，但有一个你可以做的**电池测试**，这可以给你很多信心。
此外，这些车辆中的大多数，电池都有八年或更长的**保修期**。
所以如果你真的很担心，你可以购买，这样保修期仍然有效。
所以对于几年的拥有期，你知道，你的电池都在保修期内，只是为了给你信心，你可以选择一辆**二手电动汽车**。
>> 好的。
Lindsay。
>> 是的。
我的意思是，仅在过去三年里，**加拿大**就售出了约 60 万辆新电动汽车。
所以所有这些最终都会变成**二手电动汽车**。
现在随着**联邦补贴**（federal rebate）的回归。
所以对于一辆新电动汽车，你可以获得高达 5000 美元。
会有更多的接受度。
这些也会进入**二手市场**。
我的家人实际上就在今年早些时候购买了一辆**二手车**，我们有很多选择，并且能够买到比新车实惠得多的东西。
我认为这就是像 Cara 的组织如此重要的原因。
你知道，我有一些懂电动汽车的朋友可以发短信问他们，以确保我做出了一个好的决定。
但不是每个人都有这种资源。
而且有些事情确实有点吓人，你知道，经销商并不总是能提供答案。
所以这就是**教育**方面发挥作用的地方。
>> 同样。
好吧，谢谢。
是的。
我的意思是。
>> 我们在那里只是回答你的问题，帮助你进行试驾，帮助你克服障碍，你知道，如果你有顾虑，而且是免费的，你知道，我们在品牌方面没有偏见，我们支持所有品牌，我们不是在试图卖给你任何东西。
所以这是一个很好的学习方式。
>> 好的，那我们就会联系你们了。
我就是这么说的。
**安大略省**的电动汽车时代非常激动人心。
Lindsay，非常感谢你分享所有深刻的见解。
太好了。
>> 谢谢你们邀请我们。
Original English
>> Okay.
Lindsay.
>> Yeah.
I mean, just over the last three
years in Canada, there's been
about 600,000 new EVs sold.
So all of those become used EVs
at some point.
And now with the return of the
federal rebate.
So for a new EV, you can get up
to $5,000.
There's going to be more uptake.
And those are going to move into
the used market as well.
My family actually just earlier
this year made a purchase on the
used market, and we had a lot of
options and we were able to get
something that was much more
affordable than buying new.
I think that's where
organisations like Cara's are
super important.
You know, I had friends I could
text who know stuff about EVs to
make sure I was making a good
decision.
But not everyone has that.
And there are things that are a
little bit scary and that, you
know, dealerships are not always
equipped to answer.
And so that's where the kind of
education side comes in.
>> As well.
Well, thanks.
Yeah.
I mean.
>> We're there just to answer
your questions to help you with
test drives to, to help get you
over the hump, you know, if
you're concerned and it's free
and, you know, we're non-biased
in terms of brand, we support
all the brands and we're not
trying to sell you anything.
So it's a great way to learn.
>> Well, we'll be in touch then.
That's what I'm going to say.
Very exciting time for EVs in
this province.
Lindsay, I want to thank you so
much for all of your insight on
this.
Great.
>> Thanks for having us.