--- author: New York Times Podcasts date: '2026-10-19' guest: '' layout: post.njk source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZbkWJmjC6qI speaker: New York Times Podcasts tags: - geopolitical-election - civil-unrest - supply-chain-fraud - astrobiology title: 时事要闻：特朗普力挺内塔尼亚胡、法国爆发严重骚乱、全球黄金洗白内幕与超宜居星球探索 summary: 本期要闻涵盖四大核心议题：特朗普公开支持面临历史性大选的以色列总理内塔尼亚胡；法国抗议活动演变为数十年来最严重的暴力骚乱与政治攻防；《纽约时报》深度调查揭露全球黄金行业“合规认证”背后的童工与非法黄金洗白链条；天文学界突破“地球孪生”认知定式，展开对“超宜居星球”的全新探索。 insight: '' draft: true series: '' category: geopolitics area: geopolitics project: [] people: - Benjamin Netanyahu - Donald Trump companies_orgs: - The New York Times - LBMA products_models: [] media_books: [] status: evergreen --- ### 权力背书与历史抉择：特朗普介入以色列大选 在面临以色列建国八十年来最具决定性意义的一场关键选举前夕，美国前总统**唐纳德·特朗普**（Donald Trump）公开表达了对以色列总理**本雅明·内塔尼亚胡**（Benjamin Netanyahu）的全力支持。尽管两国数月以来因针对伊朗的联合军事行动而关系愈发紧张，特朗普在背书声明中依然对内塔尼亚胡赞不绝口，称其“坚强、勇敢且才华横溢”。对此，正与反对派陷入极其胶着竞争的内塔尼亚胡随即表示感谢，并在视频声明中呼吁以色列民众认真倾听美国总统的表态。 据《纽约时报》驻以色列记者**伊莎贝尔·克什纳**（Isabel Kershner）分析，这场选举不仅是自2023年10月7日哈马斯袭击以来的首次全国大选，更是针对内塔尼亚胡本人的重大信任公投。反对派持续要求对袭击发生前的国家安全失误展开独立调查，指责现政府拒不承担责任，而内塔尼亚胡则始终阻挠调查启动。作为以色列任职时间最长的总理，内塔尼亚胡在过去四年里领导着该国有史以来最极右翼、最具宗教保守色彩的政府。随着战火从加沙哈马斯蔓延至黎巴嫩真主党并两度波及伊朗，且各项战事均未彻底收尾，内塔尼亚胡坚称需要由他来“完成这项使命”。这场选举的本质已上升为以色列未来国家特性的决战：是继续沿着削弱最高法院独立性的司法改革、强化对约旦河西岸定居点控制的强硬极右路线前行，还是由主张修复社会撕裂、捍卫民主价值的多元反对派联盟取而代之。
Original English >> From The New York Times, it's The Headlines. I'm Will Jarvis in for Tracy Mumford. Today's Monday, October 19th. Here's what we're covering. >> Yesterday, President Trump threw his weight behind Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, officially endorsing the country's leader ahead of key elections there next week. Relations between the two have become increasingly tense in recent months over their countries joint war in Iran. But in his endorsement message, Trump had only praise for Netanyahu, calling him strong, brave, and brilliant. In response, Netanyahu, who's locked in a razor-tight race with opposition parties, thanked Trump and in a video released last night told Israelis to listen carefully to the US president. >> For many, many Israelis, this really is one of, if not the most consequential elections in the country's eight-decade history. >> Isabel Kershner covers Israel for the Times. She says the upcoming elections are the first there since the Hamas-led attacks on October 7th, 2023. And one of the key issues is whether there should be an independent investigation into security failures leading up to that day. The opposition has been pushing for that, saying Netanyahu's government has failed to take responsibility for what happened. Netanyahu has blocked efforts to get an investigation underway. >> But beyond that, this is also a major referendum on Netanyahu himself. He's Israel's longest-serving Prime Minister, and in the last four years, he's headed the most far-right and religiously conservative government the country has known. Netanyahu, after the October 7th attack, took Israel to war against Hamas in Gaza, and then that spread to Hezbollah in Lebanon and two campaigns in Iran, and none of these have really been completed. And Netanyahu says, you know, he needs to be there to finish the job. Many people here now feel that this is an election essentially over the future character of Israel. Is it going to continue along a very hawkish hardline path where we've seen this government trying to institute judicial overhaul laws that would curb the independence of the Supreme Court and continue settling the occupied West Bank and sealing Israel's control there, or is the opposition going to prevail? And although they're very diverse and the opposition includes right-wing parties, some of whom support settlements in the West Bank, for example, they're offering a more liberal outlook where they say they would start to try to heal the country and also preserve Israel's democratic values.
### 双轨撕裂与政治博弈：法国全国抗议升级为暴力骚乱 与此同时，法国社会在上周末呈现出极度撕裂的“双画面”景象。一方面，巴黎等各大城市组织了和平且规模庞大的游行，学生群体因学校恶劣条件持续抗议数周，并与对生活成本高企及深层社会经济议题不满的广泛联盟汇聚在一起，伴随着歌声与口号呼吁系统性变革；然而在另一侧，抗议现场迅速演化为数十年未见的严重暴力洗劫与破坏。 《纽约时报》驻法国记者**凯瑟琳·波特**（Catherine Porter）报道指出，身着黑衣的蒙面人员对警察发起攻击，撬起路面鹅卵石投掷，不仅大肆砸毁街头商铺，更将目标对准政府公权力象征机构。马赛与里尔的市政厅相继遭到强行闯入，而在利摩日（Limoges），市政厅甚至被纵火焚毁。尽管法国向来具有深厚的街头示威传统，但此次破坏的惨烈程度仍令全国陷入震惊与恐慌。暴力事件发生后，政坛迅速陷入激烈的责任指责博弈：内政部长与总理直指极左翼势力策动并主导了前期的冲击破坏，而极左翼阵营则强烈反驳称这是政府自身失控后的荒谬甩锅；极右翼势力则借机进入竞选动员状态，宣称面对即将到来的选举，只有他们才能恢复国家秩序。目前学生群体正处于两周秋假，政府正全力重夺街头控制权，但已有组织呼吁在下月初展开新一轮的大规模全国示威。
Original English >> Now to France. >> So what we saw this weekend was really two things. It was like a split screen. On one side were these peaceful, really large protests. In Paris, they unfurled through the city with people singing, chanting, quite joyful. And then on the other side was these scenes of total destruction. >> Catherine Porter covers France for the Times. She says that this weekend organizers across the country planned demonstrations that were designed to bring together different groups demanding change. Students who've been protesting for weeks over poor conditions in schools and a broader coalition of people who are upset about the cost of living and other social and economic issues. But even as the peaceful anti-government protesters took to the streets, others stoked chaos, helping set off some of the country's worst riots in decades. >> There were masked people in black attacking the police, picking up cobblestones to hurl them, and then smashing not only storefronts, but also particularly state buildings. People broke into the city hall in Marseille, also in Lille. In one case in the town of Limoges, they not only broke in, but they burnt it down. The reaction to all this was horror and shock and sadness. France is a country that's renowned for protest, is really used to it, but this kind of pillaging was at a new level that people had not seen. And right away a blame game started. We saw the Minister of Interior and the Prime Minister blame the far left, saying that they had instigated this, and members of the far left movement had been the ones who had been doing the breaking in, at least at first before delinquents joined in. And then you saw the far left on their side saying it really was a state that lost control, and they were looking for someone else to blame. It was ridiculous. And then you had the far right step in in campaign mode and say, "Look, there's election in 6 months. We are the ones who will clearly bring back order to this country." >> Catherine says that this morning the country is on edge as the government works to reassert control. And she says that for the moment, it's not clear how much momentum the protest movement has. Students are currently on a 2-week fall break, but some groups have already called for another day of mass demonstrations early next month.
### 合规神话的破灭：万亿美元黄金供应链的洗白真相 在国际地缘政治剧烈震荡的背景下，过去二十年间黄金价格持续飙升并屡创历史新高。在这个规模达数万亿美元的黄金交易市场中，行业领袖长期鼓吹一套道德分水岭理论：即存在来自合规、合法、负责任矿山的“清洁黄金”（clean gold），以及涉及侵犯人权和生态破坏的“肮脏黄金”（dirty gold）。然而，《纽约时报》的一项最新重磅深度调查揭露，这种严格划界完全是行业炮制的虚构神话——现实中根本没有所谓的清洁与肮脏之分，本质上都是无差别的黄金。 整个黄金产业链由矿工和中间商将原金出售给精炼厂，精炼厂熔炼后再输入国际流通市场。作为该行业最接近全球监管机构的实体——**伦敦金银市场协会**（London Bullion Market Association: 负责制定全球贵金属标准并进行合格交割认证的核心机构，简称 **LBMA**），其认证本是黄金能够进入公开市场交易的前提条件。然而调查发现，LBMA 完全依赖精炼厂进行实地考察和违规自查上报，导致精炼厂能够肆无忌惮地虚报原产地。时报记者实地走访马达加斯加矿区，目睹工人们砍伐受保护森林搭建矿井支架，童工在未经处理的生活污水中淘金、粉碎矿石并搬运重物。这些原金经熔炼后运往土耳其，精炼厂在报关文件中直接将其声称归类为“合规黄金”，从而轻而易举获取 LBMA 认证并流入正规国际市场。面对质询，LBMA 首席执行官虽坚称严格遵循国际准则，却将实际监管责任推卸给主权国家政府。随着金价暴涨在马达加斯加、苏丹及亚马逊雨林腹地等全球贫困边缘地区掀起采矿狂潮，华尔街、各国央行与全球投资者正持续从这些混入非法来源的黄金供应链中攫取巨额暴利。
Original English >> Over the past two decades, the price of gold has surged, climbing to record highs. And in the multi-trillion-dollar gold market, industry leaders have pushed the idea that there's clean gold and there's dirty gold. Clean gold from reputable, legal, responsibly run mines, and dirty gold from illegal mines with records of human rights abuses or environmental destruction. But a new investigation from The Times has found that that divide is a fiction. There's no clean gold or dirty gold, just gold. >> And the closest thing the industry has to a global regulator, a group called the LBMA, has repeatedly allowed gold into the market that has been mined by criminals, cartel members, and children. >> The industry works like this. Miners and brokers sell raw gold to refiners, which melt it down and sell it into the international marketplace. The role of the LBMA in all this, short for the London Bullion Market Association, is to certify the gold as being legitimately mined, since without that sign-off, the gold is basically unsellable. What The Times learned, though, is that the LBMA relies on refiners to inspect the mines and self-report anything suspicious. And sometimes those refiners lie with impunity about the actual origins of the gold. My colleagues traveled to mines in Madagascar to see the reality on the ground. >> There, workers cut down trees in a protected forest to make beams for mine shafts, and children crush rocks, haul buckets of ore, and pan for gold in raw sewage. The gold from those mines is then melted down and shipped to Turkey. Documents show that at that stage, the refiner basically just claimed the gold was clean, paving the way for the Madagascar gold to be LBMA certified and enter the global market. >> In response to questions from The Times, the chief executive of the LBMA said that the group holds refiners to the quote highest level of international guidelines, but also downplayed the organization's responsibility, saying that it's up to governments to oversee the industry. At the same time, the question of what gold is making it into the global market is only becoming more urgent. Skyrocketing gold prices have fueled a mining boom in some of the world's poorest places like Madagascar, as well as Sudan and the depths of the Amazon. As Wall Street, central banks, and investors profit from a supply that includes gold from illegal sources. >> You can find the full investigation, including photographs from the mines in Madagascar, at nytimes.com.
### 超越“地球孪生”定式：天体生物学对超宜居星球的探索 在人类探寻地外生命的前沿科学领域，一场认知维度的范式转变正在悄然发生。大约十年前，一位天文学家在 YouTube 上的天体生物学研讨会视频下留下了一个极具启发性的提问：“宇宙中难道不应该存在比地球更宜居的星球吗？”这一并非空穴来风的专业思考引发了跨学科科学家的深度对话，并直接催生了一个全新的研究领域——**超宜居星球**（Superhabitable Planet: 具备比地球更有利于生命起源、繁衍和生物多样性维持物理特征的假想系外行星）的搜寻。 长期以来，科学界寻找地外生命的焦点普遍局限在“地球孪生”（Earth twins）上，即寻找围绕类太阳恒星运行、体积相仿且富含岩石与液态水的行星。然而从严苛的物理指标来看，地球本身的宜居条件其实极为勉强——若地球距离太阳缩短仅2%，地表水早在数十亿年前便会被彻底蒸发殆尽。根据科学建模，一颗理想的“超宜居星球”其直径将比地球大约30%，质量约为地球的两倍；更强大的表面重力会平整行星的地貌起伏，消除幽深阴暗的大洋海沟，取而代之的是遍布全球、温暖平缓的浅海与湖泊，孕育出极度繁盛的珊瑚礁与生物多样性。同时，高重力环境能束缚更浓密厚实的大气层，形成更为稳定温和的气候系统，甚至可能孕育出远比人类更复杂多样的智慧生命形态。目前这一搜寻正从理论走向工程落地：欧洲航天局专门用于探测潜在宜居行星的空间望远镜计划于明年发射升空，而 NASA 规划于2040年代实施的“**宜居世界天文台**”（Habitable Worlds Observatory: 旨在直接成像并分析类地及超宜居系外行星大气特征的大型空间望远镜任务）等重大科学项目也正在稳步推进中。
Original English >> And finally, roughly a decade ago, a comment popped up below a YouTube video of an astrobiology seminar. And it was a provocative question. Shouldn't there be planets more habitable than Earth? >> Unlike most YouTube comments, this one wasn't some half-baked thought from a guy way down the rabbit hole. It came from an actual astronomer. And the cosmic-sized question sparked a conversation with another scientist that helped jump-start a new field of study, the hunt for so-called super habitable planets. >> For the most part, scientists searching for life out there have focused on finding what they call Earth twins, basically other rocky, watery, similar-sized planets orbiting sun-like stars. But Earth is really only barely habitable. For example, if it was just 2% closer to the sun, all of our water would have boiled away billions of years ago. >> So, what would a super habitable planet look like? One key thing is it would be about 30% wider and twice as massive. The extra heft would boost the force of gravity, smoothing out the surface of the planet. That would mean that instead of deep, dark ocean trenches, the whole thing might be covered in shallow, warm seas and lakes bursting with reefs and biodiversity. That higher gravity would also mean a thicker atmosphere with a more stable climate and potentially more diverse and complex life forms than us simple planal humans. Now, the search for these kinds of places in the universe is ramping up. Next year, a space telescope from the European Space Agency that's designed to detect potentially habitable planets is scheduled to launch. And other major telescope projects are also underway, including a NASA mission plan for the 2040s known as the Habitable Worlds Observatory. >> Those are the headlines. And if you're not a Times subscriber yet, you can get a full month of free access to everything we publish when you download the Times app now. I'm Will Jarvis. We'll be back tomorrow.