---
author: TVO Today
date: '2026-03-24'
guest: ''
layout: post.njk
source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g2nNil1X0hg
speaker: TVO Today
tags:
  - immigration
  - canada
  - policy-changes
  - population-growth
  - system-complexity
title: 加拿大移民系统是否失灵？深度解析
summary: 本次讨论深入剖析了加拿大移民系统的运作及其面临的挑战。首先阐述了移民的初衷——为国家社会经济发展、家庭团聚及提供人道主义援助。随后，探讨了人口增长、劳动力需求及医疗保健系统对移民的依赖性。接着，聚焦于系统近期的剧烈变化：包括政府的政策调整、疫情期间的临时措施、乌克兰战争引发的人道主义工作许可，以及国际学生数量的激增。最后，分析了“部长指令”对经济类移民项目带来的不确定性和对申请人的影响，并指出当前永久居民的高技能门槛。
insight: ''
draft: true
series: ''
category: politics-society
area: society-thinking
project: []
people: []
companies_orgs: []
products_models: []
media_books: []
status: evergreen
---
### 加拿大移民系统：目标与现状

Clearly, we have volumes in this country that are unprecedented, of immigration, and I think that's a good thing. Today, we're announcing we will reduce the number of immigrants we bring in. Mr. Speaker, we are taking back control over the immigration system.

<details>
<summary>Original English</summary>

Clearly, we have volumes
in this country
that are unprecedented,
of immigration,
and I think that's a good thing.
Today, we're announcing
we will reduce the number of
immigrants we bring in.
Mr. Speaker, we are taking back
control over
the immigration system.

</details>

**SANGEETA**: 长期以来，**加拿大**一直欢迎新移民，但现在这个门似乎正在关闭。在短短几年内，我们来了个一百八十度大转弯。这对国家意味着什么？系统是否已经失灵？让我们来解开**加拿大**的**移民系统**。首先，我们看看**移民**的初衷是什么。

<details>
<summary>Original English</summary>

**SANGEETA**:
For a long time, **Canada** has
been welcoming to newcomers.
But now that door
seems to be closing.
We've done an about-face
in just a couple of years.
What does that mean
for the country?
Is the system broken?
Let's unravel the **Canadian**
**immigration system**.
Let's start with a look
at why we have immigration in
the first place.

</details>

**SANGEETA**: 《**移民法案**》列出了几项目标，但主要有三个。第一个是丰富我们国家的**社会经济结构**。人们的筛选依据是他们将如何根据自己的背景和才能为国家做出贡献。第二个是**家庭团聚**。我们希望允许**加拿大人**和**永久居民**与其近亲属团聚。第三个是**难民保护**以及出于**人道主义和同情心**的考量。我们是一个希望为有需要的人提供**庇护和保护**的国家。

<details>
<summary>Original English</summary>

**SANGEETA**:
The **Immigration Act** lays out
several objectives,
but there are three main ones.
The first is to add to the
**socio-economic fabric**
of our country.
People are selected based on
what they would contribute
to our country,
based on their background,
based on their talents.
The second is for
**family reunification**.
We want to allow **Canadians** and
**permanent residents**
to be reunified with
their close family members.
And the third is
for **refugee protection**
and for **humanitarian and**
**compassionate grounds**.
We are a country where we want
offer **sanctuary and protection**
to those who would need it.

</details>

### 加拿大的人口需求与移民重要性

**SANGEETA**: 那么，这些理念如何直接关系到**加拿大**的需求呢？

<details>
<summary>Original English</summary>

**SANGEETA**:
So how do those ideas tie
directly to **Canada's** needs?

</details>

**ELIZABETH**: 显而易见，我们国家自身的**出生率**不足以维持我们所需的**人口增长**。如果没有任何**移民**，我们的**医疗保健系统**将变得极其昂贵。此外，我们需要人们不仅作为**工人**，更要作为**消费者**。没有消费者，我们就没有对商品和服务的需求。所以，我们的人口必须增长。我们正在寻找人们加入我们的社区。这就是**移民系统**的作用。

<details>
<summary>Original English</summary>

**ELIZABETH**:
It is very clear that our own
**birthrates** in this country
is not gonna be enough
to sustain our
**population growth**
that we need it to sustain.
If we didn't have
any **immigration**,
our **health care systems** would be
prohibitively expensive.
Also, we need people
not only as **workers**,
but even as **consumers**.
Without consumers, we don't have
a need for services and goods.
So our population needs to grow.
We are then looking for people
to join our communities.
So that's what the **immigration**
**system** is for.

</details>

### 移民系统的复杂性与不稳定性

**ELIZABETH**: 但它是如何运作的呢？**移民部长**制定规则。

<details>
<summary>Original English</summary>

But how's it work?
Well, the **Immigration Minister**
makes the rules.

</details>

**ELIZABETH**: 任何**移民部长**的工作都非常复杂，他们必须平衡所有这些利益。我们希望履行我们的使命，帮助那些有需要的人，但我们不能轻易地向全世界敞开大门，让所有需要帮助的人都来到这个国家。所有这些相互竞争的利益使得我们的**移民系统**非常复杂且引人入胜。而且，**移民系统**一直在努力实现这些目标。但最近，它经历了很多变化。

<details>
<summary>Original English</summary>

**ELIZABETH**:
The job of any
**Immigration Minister**
is very complicated,
and they have to balance all of
these interests.
We want to serve our mandate,
where we want to
help those who are in need,
but we can't necessarily open
our doors to the world
and let everybody who needs help
come to the country.
So all of these competing
interests
make our **immigration system**
very complex and fascinating.
And our **immigration system** has
worked to achieve those goals.
But recently,
it's seen a lot of change.

</details>

**ELIZABETH**: 自 **24** 年前，即 **2001** 年《**法案**》生效以来，我们已经有了十五位**移民部长**。平均每位部长任期大约一年。这是一个大问题。大多数**移民部长**上任时可能根本没有多少**移民**方面的经验。而这是一个**加拿大**最复杂的法律体系之一。它在**欺诈**方面存在巨大问题，并且需要平衡不同的利益。它也是影响我们以及我们国家未来最重要的体系之一。

<details>
<summary>Original English</summary>

**ELIZABETH**:
Since the **Act** came into place **24**
years ago, **2001**,
we have had fifteen
**Immigration Ministers**.
Each Minister, on average,
stays around a year.
That's a big problem.
Most **Immigration Ministers**
who come into their role
probably don't have much
**immigration** experience at all.
And this is one of the most
complex legal systems
in **Canada**.
It has a huge issue with **fraud**
and balancing different
interests.
And it is one of the most
important systems
that will affect us and our
future in this country.

</details>

### 疫情与政策调整：冲击与应对

**ELIZABETH**: 这种部长职位的频繁变动与 **2020** 年的**疫情**相撞。首先，我们将拒绝非**加拿大公民**或**永久居民**进入**加拿大**。

<details>
<summary>Original English</summary>

This ministerial upheaval
then collided
with the **pandemic** in **2020**.
First, we will be
denying entry to **Canada**
to people who are not
**Canadian citizens**
or **permanent residents**.

</details>

**ELIZABETH**: 突然之间，我们不得不关闭边境。当时的部长决定让已经**在**国家**境内**的人**留在**国内。尤其重要的是，人们认识到，我们不仅需要所谓的“**高技能工人**”，许多**关键的必需品工人**是那些在杂货店、餐馆和**医疗保健**领域工作的人。因此，部长当时决定允许几乎所有在**移民池**中的人移民。在短短几个月内，**加拿大**接纳了**永久居民**配额，不仅是一年的，而是两年的。

<details>
<summary>Original English</summary>

**ELIZABETH**:
All of a sudden,
we had to close our borders.
And the Minister in charge then
decided that
people who are in country,
we should let them
stay in the country.
And especially, there was a
recognition,
not only do we need what's
called "**high-skilled workers**",
many of the **essential workers**
were people who were working
in grocery stores, who were
working in restaurants,
in **health care**.
So what the Minister decided
to do at that point
is to allow virtually everyone
who was in a pool
to immigrate.
In the space of a few months,
**Canada** let in all of the quotas
for not just one year,
but two years of
**permanent residents**.

</details>

**SANGEETA**: 这意味着几乎没有空间允许更多的**移民**发生。

<details>
<summary>Original English</summary>

**SANGEETA**:
That means there
was no room to allow
for more immigration
to happen.

</details>

**ELIZABETH**: 当时的想法是允许人们继续持有**工作许可**。

<details>
<summary>Original English</summary>

**ELIZABETH**:
The idea then was to
allow people to continue
their **work permits**.

</details>

**SANGEETA**: 这样我们就能留住这些**高技能工人**，并让他们有理由继续来**加拿大**。

<details>
<summary>Original English</summary>

**SANGEETA**:
So we can keep these
**high-skilled workers**
on the hook,
and give them a reason
to still come to **Canada**.

</details>

### 乌克兰战争与人道主义工作许可

**ELIZABETH**: 接着，我们又更换了**移民部长**。新任部长上任时正值**乌克兰战争**爆发。**加拿大**想帮助**乌克兰人**，但……

<details>
<summary>Original English</summary>

Then, we shuffled the
**Immigration Minister** again.
And this new Minister was in
place for the start
of the **Ukraine war**.
**Canada** wanted to help
**Ukrainians**, but...

</details>

**ELIZABETH**: 我们不希望他们都以**难民申请人**的身份前来。所以新任**移民部长**提出了一个全新的想法：**人道主义工作许可**。

<details>
<summary>Original English</summary>

**ELIZABETH**:
Well, we didn't want to have
all of them come
as **refugee claimants**.
So the new **Immigration Minister**
comes up with a brand-new idea.
**Humanitarian work permits**.

</details>

**ELIZABETH**: 在大多数情况下，这以前从未发生过。这是我们首次大规模提供**人道主义工作许可**。然后人们开始质疑：“那为什么在**阿富汗**局势发生时，你们不允许**阿富汗**人获得**工作许可**？或者，你知道的，来自世界其他地方的人呢？为什么突然间来自欧洲某地的人就能获得这种**人道主义工作许可**的巨大好处？”

<details>
<summary>Original English</summary>

**ELIZABETH**:
For the most part, this was
never done before.
For the first time, we had
**humanitarian work permits**
en masse offered to people.
And then people
started to question,
"Well, why it is that when the
**Afghanistan** situation occurred,
"you didn't allow people from
**Afghanistan**
"to get work permits?
"Or, you know, from other parts
of the world.
"Why is it all of a sudden
"somewhere from Europe that
you're allowing
"this great benefit of
**humanitarian work permits**?"

</details>

**SANGEETA**: 因此，新计划扩展到允许来自其他**冲突地区**的人们通过这些新的**人道主义工作许可**来到**加拿大**。

<details>
<summary>Original English</summary>

**SANGEETA**:
So the new program expanded
to allow people from other
**conflict zones**
to come to **Canada** under these
new **humanitarian work permits**.

</details>

### 疫情后配额耗尽与学生涌入

**SANGEETA**: 好的，我们来回顾一下。我们在**疫情**期间用完了两年的**新**永久居民**配额**，将它们给了那些已经在国内的人，以填补我们的**劳动力缺口**。边境开放后，我们希望新的、**高技能的永久居民**来**加拿大**，但**配额**已经用完了。所以我们给了这些人**临时工作许可**，让他们仍然可以来到这个国家。然后**乌克兰战争**爆发，我们为受那场战争和其他**冲突地区**影响的人们创建了新的**人道主义工作许可**。这是一个我们未曾预料到的大量人口涌入**加拿大**。

<details>
<summary>Original English</summary>

**SANGEETA**:
Okay, let's recap
this for a sec.
We burned through
our two-year quota
of new **permanent residents**
during the **pandemic**,
handing them out to people who
were already in the country
to fill our **labour gaps**.
After the borders opened up,
we wanted new, **high-skilled**
**permanent residents**
to come to **Canada**,
but the quota was used up.
So we gave these people
**temporary work permits**,
so they could still
come to the country.
Then the **Ukraine war** happened,
and we created new **humanitarian**
**work permits**
for people caught in that war
and other **conflict zones**.
That's a big influx of people
coming to **Canada**
that we hadn't accounted for.

</details>

**ELIZABETH**: 而且，我们还有另外**第三类人**——**国际学生**数量惊人且不受控制的增长。**疫情**开始前，学生人数约为 **400,000** 到 **500,000**。到 **2023** 年，这一数字在一年内增长到约 **900,000**。结果，我们的人口激增。**国际学生**不仅受到我们政府的追捧，**美国**也同样如此。他们年轻，带来巨额**学费**收入，并且在毕业时，他们受过良好教育，能够进入**劳动力市场**。然而，当**人口**看到**国际工人和学生**的巨大增长时，人们突然开始思考：“这里发生了什么？”公众的看法正在转变。以前，我们一直非常欢迎**移民**。我们为此感到自豪，但突然间，故事变成了“这个国家的人太多了。”

<details>
<summary>Original English</summary>

**ELIZABETH**:
And on top of that,
we have another
third group of people,
the tremendous unchecked growth
of **international students**.
Before the **pandemic** started,
the number of students were
around **400,000**, **500,000** or so.
By **2023**,
those numbers had grown
to around **900,000** in one year.
And as a result,
our **population** shot up.
And **international students**
have been very sought-after,
not just by our government,
but also the **US**.
They're young, they bring in
huge **tuition dollars**,
and by the time they graduate,
they're well-educated and able
to enter the **labour market**.
However, when the **population** saw
this huge growth
of **international workers** and
students,
suddenly people thought,
"Oh, what's happening here?"
The public's perception
was turning.
Before, we were always very
welcoming for immigrants.
We were very proud to do that,
and all of a sudden,
the story became "We have too
many people in the country."

</details>

**SANGEETA**: 因此，**联邦政府**再次改变了规则，限制了可以来**加拿大**的**国际学生**数量。

<details>
<summary>Original English</summary>

**SANGEETA**:
So the **federal government**
changed the rule again,
and capped the number of
**international students**
who could come to **Canada**.

</details>

### “部长指令”带来的不确定性

**SANGEETA**: 那么，所有这些对**移民系统**的改变带来了什么后果呢？还记得我们之前谈到的**移民部长**制定规则吗？嗯，还有另一部分导致了我们现在的情况，那就是所谓的“**部长指令**”。

<details>
<summary>Original English</summary>

**SANGEETA**:
So what's the consequence
of all of this change
to the **immigration system**?
Remember earlier
where we talked about
the **Immigration Minister**
making the rules?
Well, there's another part of
that that's led us here,
and it's because
of something called
"**ministerial instructions**."

</details>

**SANGEETA**: 这些是部长可以在没有**议会**任何意见或协商的情况下对**移民项目**所做的更改。结果是，**移民项目**，尤其是**加拿大的经济项目**，大多在没有警告、没有咨询**专家和利益相关者**的情况下发生变化。这成为了一个巨大的问题。这是一个非常复杂的系统。这是一个人们需要花多年时间准备来获得**移民资格**的系统。因此，了解如何获得资格对任何申请人来说都非常非常重要。由于这些非常快速的变化，这不仅会让那些试图申请的申请人感到极度沮丧，也会让想雇佣他们的雇主感到沮丧。

<details>
<summary>Original English</summary>

**SANGEETA**:
Those are changes
a minister can make
to an **immigration program**
without any **Parliamentary**
input or consultation.
As a result,
**immigration programs**,
especially **economic programs** in
**Canada**,
change mostly without warning,
mostly without consultation of
**experts and stakeholders**.
This becomes a huge problem.
This is a very complex system.
It's a system where people
prepare for years
to try to qualify
to immigrate.
And so therefore, knowing what
you have to do to qualify
is very, very important
to any applicants.
Because of these
very fast changes,
it can be extremely
frustrating,
not only to the applicants who
are trying to apply,
but also to their employers
who want to hire them.

</details>

### 当前永久居民的高门槛

**ELIZABETH**: 我们看到**加拿大**有很多**临时居民**。但如今，**永久居民**身份需要非常高水平的技能，以至于大多数以前**移民**过来的人今天可能都无法满足条件。

<details>
<summary>Original English</summary>

**ELIZABETH**:
We see a lot of people in **Canada**
who are **temporary residents**.
But **permanent residency**,
these days,
requires such a
high level of **skills**
that most people who had
immigrated before
wouldn't be able to
do so today.
♪

</details>