--- author: TED date: '2026-03-17' guest: '' layout: post.njk source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YsWrw83zktY speaker: TED tags: - conservation-economics - community-empowerment - sustainable-development - nature-based-solutions - african-development title: 拥抱资本的力量：重塑非洲自然保护的经济蓝图 summary: 本演讲深刻剖析了传统非洲自然保护模式的困境，指出其失败根源在于将经济问题生态化。演讲者主张将自然视为可投资的资本，推动“资本主义式”的保护模式，使社区从自然中直接获益。通过南非的畜牧业改革和肯尼亚的碳汇及保护区租赁项目等案例，展示了成功的实践，强调了经济繁荣与生态保护并行的21世纪保护新愿景，并呼吁加速这一进程以应对气候变化和推动非洲的可持续发展。 insight: '' draft: true series: '' category: business-entrepreneurship area: finance-wealth project: [] people: - Seif Hamisi companies_orgs: - Conservation International products_models: [] media_books: [] status: evergreen --- ### 守护自然的经济动脉 以童年时期肯尼亚村庄里响起的狮子吼声开篇，演讲者Seif Hamisi回忆了早期与自然亲密共处的时光。然而，如今，非洲大陆的森林、草原和湿地正以前所未有的速度消失，特别是人们与野生动物曾和谐共存的社区土地。在过去的五十年里，保护区以外的大片土地已被转变为农场或居民区，导致非洲野生动物数量锐减了四分之三。这不仅是一个令人悲伤的统计数据，更是一场严峻的危机。
Original English Picture this. You are a 5- or 6-year-old getting ready to go to bed, and then suddenly, you hear these lion roars. This is how it was in the early '70s in my village in Taveta in Kenya, on the southeastern slope of Mount Kilimanjaro. It was scary then, as it might be now, but looking back, I see it as something powerful, a beautiful reminder of how close we lived with nature. Sadly, the nighttime roars and the many animals that once roamed our village are gone. What happened in my village has happened across Africa. Our forests, savannahs, grasslands and wetlands are disappearing very fast and the hardest-hit places are community lands where people and wildlife lived side-by-side. In five decades, five decades, much of the land outside protected areas has been converted into either farms or settlements. It's not surprising that the population of wildlife in Africa has declined by three quarters in the same period. This is not just a sad statistic, but a crisis.
### 经济驱动下的保护新范式 演讲者犀利地指出，问题的症结在于我们一直在用“生态解决方案”去解决本质上是“经济问题”的困境。他强调，真正的自然保护只有在能够为最亲近自然的人们创造收入时才能奏效。因此，我们必须将自然视为一项值得投资的资产，而非仅仅是保护的对象。为此，需要在保护领域发展“资本主义解决方案”，但并非剥削式的，而是那种能够驱动商业、让健康生态系统为家庭带来真实收入、并使自然保护与经济增长并行不悖的模式。
Original English All of us know that we've spent billions on conservation in Africa, yet wildlife keeps on declining, and people are going deeper into poverty and becoming even more vulnerable to climate change. Why? Because we've been applying ecological solutions to fix what are inherently economic problems. The truth is that conservation works only if it creates income to people living closest to nature. That means we have to make nature not just something to protect, but something to invest in. That's why we have to grow capitalist solutions in conservation. Not the exploitative type, but models where nature drives business, where healthy ecosystems bring real income to families, where nature conservation and economic growth go hand in hand.
### 南非：传统轮牧与市场整合的共赢 这种创新模式正在非洲各地悄然兴起。在南非的许多地区，畜牧不仅仅是一份工作，更是一种生活方式。然而，许多乡村农民却面临着将牲畜送往市场的困境。尽管他们拥有全国一半的牲畜，但仅占全国肉类供应的5%，并且由于牲畜常年放牧同一片土地，草场持续受到损害。即使牲畜能到达市场，它们也常常因营养不良而无法卖出合理的价格。演讲者由此引出了南非东开普省的杰出农民兼牧民**米波洛肯·恩古博女士**（Miss Mpolokeng Ngubo）。在**国际保护组织**（Conservation International）的支持下，她与当地农民一同回归了传统的轮牧制，让牲畜在不同牧场间移动，并允许土地得到休养生息。健康的草场意味着健康的牲畜，而此次变革的关键在于，这些农民同意在获得直接面向他们的**牲畜市场**（cattle market）的同时，也保护这片土地。没有了中间商，也无需长途跋涉。这一模式的成效显著：米波洛肯女士的牛在最近的拍卖会上拍出了全场最高价，她的笑容便是最好的证明。这种模式之所以有效，是因为它不是自上而下的，而是建立在社区现有的知识和实践之上。如今，放牧压力已大大降低，田野间昆虫嗡鸣，鸟儿歌唱，野生动物正随着每一次轮牧循环逐渐恢复。而资金也源源不断地流向了农民的腰包。
Original English This is beginning to happen across Africa, from the shrublands of Namaqualand in South Africa to the winding tributaries of Okavango River in Botswana, the grasslands, savannah woodlands in Kenya, Namibia, Mozambique, Madagascar and Zimbabwe to the forests of Ivory Coast, Liberia and Congo, we are building better natural resource management systems and incentivizing efforts to bring back wildlife populations. I want to give you a couple of examples. In many parts of South Africa, herding livestock isn't just a job, it's a way of life. But many rural farmers there are struggling to get their cattle to the market. Even though they own half of the livestock in the country, only five percent of meat comes from them, and the grass continues to suffer as cattle graze on the same land all year round. And when their cattle gets to the market, if they do, they are often malnourished and can't fetch a fair price. There's a better way. Let me introduce to you Miss Mpolokeng Ngubo, a great livestock farmer and herder from Eastern Cape, South Africa. With support from Conservation International, she and other farmers have turned back to traditional grazing, where livestock moves between pasture and allowing land to rest and recover. Healthy grasslands means healthy livestock to them, and the change here is that those farmers have agreed to protect the land as they access a cattle market that comes directly to them. No middlemen, no long trips. And it works. Miss Mpolokeng’s cow, in recent auction, the cattle fetched the highest bid in the market. Her smile tells it all. And this is how it works. Because the model is not top-down. It's built on what communities already know and practice. Now the grazing pressure has reduced, and with that, the fields are now humming with insects and chattering buds, wildlife is getting restored, one grazing cycle at a time. And with cash streaming to farmers' pockets.
### 肯尼亚：碳汇项目与保护区租赁的活力 在肯尼亚，商业解决方案也正在蓬勃发展。在图鲁山（Tulu Hills），农民们已从传统的“烧荒”（slash and burn）耕作模式，成功转型为参与最早的**森林碳项目**（forest carbon projects）之一。在这里，他们正在保护和恢复一百万英亩的荒野。而在**马赛马拉**（Maasai Mara）周边，许多社区自发地整合了自己的土地，组建了由他们自己拥有的**大型野生动物保护区**（wildlife conservancies）。这些社区将土地租赁给旅游运营商和生态学家，在维护自身土地权和生活方式的同时，获得了可观的收入。在**COVID**疫情期间，旅游收入骤减，但这些保护区通过贷款支付了租赁费，并在疫情缓解、旅游业复苏后迅速偿还了债务。这一经历表明，这类“资本主义解决方案”正日趋成熟。这项干预措施已将18万公顷的土地置于社区保护之下，使该区域的野生动物栖息地面积翻倍。对于参与此安排的家庭而言，其生活产生了变革性的影响：平均而言，一个家庭每月可获得约230美元的收入。这略低于肯尼亚大学毕业生的起薪，但在就业机会稀缺、未来充满不确定性的地区，这笔收入不仅意味着自然得以生存，更重要的是，它能够支付账单、供孩子上学，并带来尊严、安全感和选择的自由。
Original English Now in Kenya, business solutions are taking off, too. In Tulu Hills, farmers have transitioned from slash and burn to one of the earliest forest carbon projects. Here they are conserving and protecting one million acres of wilderness. And around Maasai Mara, all of you perhaps have heard about Maasai Mara, communities living around there have come up together, pulled their land voluntarily and formed this big wildlife conservancies that they own. They leased these lands to safari operators and ecologists and get incomes while maintaining their land rights and way of life. During the COVID pandemic, tourism revenues crashed. And what happened? The conservancies took up loans and paid the leases. When the pandemic eased and tourism came back, they repaid those loans quickly, showing that capitalist solutions are actually maturing. This intervention has brought 180,000 hectares under community protection, doubling the space for wildlife in that area. And the impact to the families who are in this arrangement is transformational. On average, a household takes around 230 dollars per month. A little bit less than starting salary of a university graduate in Kenya, but in a place where jobs are scarce and the future is uncertain, nature is not only surviving, but it's paying bills, it's putting kids through schools, it is bringing dignity, security and choice.
### 呼唤加速与规模化：经济赋权下的非洲愿景 演讲者呼吁，我们需要加速推广这些21世纪的保护方法，并将明日的保护商业解决方案提前带到今天，因为这才是非洲的正确愿景，是应对我们不断变化的气候所必需的愿景，最终将使人民受益。这种受益并非源于放弃文化，而是源于对其文化的保护。他接着抛出一个“令人不悦”的观点：人们常将金钱视为万恶之源，但在自然保护领域，恰恰是“缺乏金钱”才是真正的罪恶之源，它驱使着我们所见的土地退化和毁灭的力量。时间已不站在我们这边，我们必须以极大的奉献精神、速度和规模来行动。
Original English These are the kind of 21-century conservation approaches that we must accelerate. We must bring tomorrow's conservation business solutions today because this is the right vision for Africa. It's the vision that our changing climate demands. It is a vision, ultimately, that ultimately people benefit. Not because they gave up their culture, but because they protected it. Now ladies and gentlemen, allow me to say this provoking, perhaps an annoying statement. People talk about money as if it's the root of all evil. But in conservation of nature, it's clearly the lack of it that’s a true root of evil, that's driving the forces of degradation and destruction that we see today in those landscapes. Time is not on our side. We have to work with dedication, speed and scale.
### 赋能社区：经济繁荣引领野生动物回归 然而，“潮水正站在我们这边”。如今，社区的力量日益增强，他们在决策中的声音更加响亮，并享有更强的权利和保障。金融与市场的互联互通，加上不断扩展的技术空间，使得与最亲近自然的社区合作、创新和建立商业比以往任何时候都更加容易。政府的政策和激励措施也达到了新的高度。例如，南非、津巴布韦和纳米比亚的野生动物利润提升政策，以及肯尼亚的碳汇和保护区政策，都为最接近自然的家庭和社区带来了更多收入。无论谈论的是哪种生态系统，都表明一个道理：只有通过与自然和谐共生的人们的经济繁荣，自然、野生动物和荒野才会回归。演讲者最后寄望，也许有一天，狮子的吼声会重新在他的家乡村庄回响，他的子孙后代将有机会再次听到那雄浑的生命之歌。
Original English But the tide is on our side, because today, communities are stronger, their voice is louder in decision making, and the stronger rights and safeguards. Finance and market connectivity today, supported by an expanding technological space, has made it easier today, more than before, to invest, to innovate and build businesses with and for communities that are living closest to nature. And policies and incentives by governments are taking a different level. For example, the wildlife profit- enhancing policies of South Africa, Zimbabwe and Namibia to the Kenya carbon and conservancy policies, more revenue is now streaming to families and communities that are closest to nature. Doesn't matter which ecosystem you are talking about. Because it's only through economic prosperity of people living alongside nature that nature, wildlife and wilderness will return. Maybe then the wildlife will be restored around my village, and maybe then, maybe, my grandchildren will get to hear the lions roar back again. (Lion roars) (Applause)