---
author: TED
date: '2026-06-08'
guest: ''
layout: post.njk
source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xrV2cTj6E_g
speaker: TED
tags:
  - ocean-conservation
  - ecosystem-restoration
  - industrial-fishing
  - marine-biology
title: 终极拯救：逆转海洋退野的“希望热点”网络
summary: 本文剖析了工业化捕捞对全球海洋生态系统造成的系统性破坏，并全景展示了建立“希望热点”网络的全球复苏行动。通过结合多个地方生态修复的成功案例，文章呼吁人类融合前沿科技与自然生态规律，抵制深海过度开发，实现商业与海洋保护的正向循环。
insight: ''
draft: true
series: ''
category: science
area: knowledge-meta
project: []
people: []
companies_orgs:
  - Mission Blue
  - TED
products_models:
  - Townsville AI
media_books: []
status: evergreen
---
### 见证海洋退野：工业捕捞的系统破坏

在2009年，我作为**TED大奖**（TED Prize）得主许下了一个改变世界的宏愿：动用一切手段（电影、探险、网络、新型潜水器）发起一场运动，以唤起公众支持建立一个全球性的**海洋保护区**（Marine Protected Areas: 保护和恢复海洋生态系统健康的特定区域）网络——即足以拯救和恢复这颗蓝色星球心脏的“**希望热点**”（Hope Spots）。
之所以许下这个愿望，源于我毕生潜水的亲历见证。我曾乘坐超过30种不同的潜水器，在水下连续停留数天或数周，见证了常人无法企及的景象，也亲眼目睹了当下正在发生的剧变。我曾与厄瓜多尔的环境部长共赏海底奇观，一条**翻车鱼**（Mola mola）在他的耳畔“低语”，瞬间融化了他的忧虑。然而，我也目睹了人类是如何摧毁海洋的——不仅是向海洋倾倒废物，更在于我们极其贪婪的索取。
1990年，我在担任**美国国家海洋和大气管理局**（NOAA: 负责监测海洋和大气状况的联邦机构）首席科学家时表达了这些担忧，却被戏称为“鲟鱼将军”（Sturgeon General），并被告知无需多虑。几十年后的今天，在数十亿美元的补贴下，我们正在让海洋“退野”（Dewilding），将野生动物源源不断地送往全球市场。工业化捕捞的效率过高，导致海洋生物根本无法在这场机械化杀戮中幸存。巨大的捕捞船队如移动的城市般在公海上横行。我们几乎灭绝了大型鲸鱼，而现在我们逐渐意识到，我们不仅需要鲸鱼，还需要鱿鱼、鲱鱼、金枪鱼、虾和鲨鱼。我们需要活着的海洋野生动物，因为它们正是运转中的**碳循环**（Carbon Cycle: 维系地球化学平衡的关键元素流转系统）。50年前有人告诫我要畏惧鲨鱼，如今我却因为潜水时再也见不到鲨鱼而感到恐惧——自我开始潜水以来，超过半数的鲨鱼已经被消灭。

<details>
<summary>Original English</summary>

So in 2009,
I stood here
as a TED prize recipient,
given a chance to make a wish
big enough to change the world.
So what was that wish?
(Video) I wish you would use
all means at your disposal:
films, expeditions,
the web, new submarines,
a campaign to ignite public support
for a global network
of marine protected areas.
Hope Spots large enough
to save and restore the ocean,
the blue heart of the planet.
Sylvia A. Earle: So why did I
make that wish?
How much of the ocean should be protected?
It's our life support system.
We need to treat all of it with respect.
Part of the reason for my wish
was because of what I've seen,
what I've explored,
what I've come to know
in a lifetime of diving in
to see things in ways that most people
will never get to see.
To use systems that make it possible
to stay underwater for days,
weeks at a time.
To explore places that most people
will never get to see.
And to be a witness to the change
that's currently taking place.
I've had the chance to use more
than 30 different kinds of submarines.
Sometimes sharing the view
with government officials,
such as the Minister
of the Environment from Ecuador.
(Laughter)
He was a little apprehensive.
(Laughter)
But he warmed up to the idea
thanks to a Mola mola
who kind of whispered in his ear.
I’ve also witnessed
how we’re trashing the ocean --
more than just what we’re
putting into the ocean,
[but] what we’re taking out,
how we are stripping the ocean
of the wild creatures
that maintain Earth as a habitable planet.
When I voiced concerns,
when I served as the chief
scientist of NOAA in 1990,
I was called the Sturgeon General.
(Laughter)
And I was told not to worry.
But in a few decades,
with billions of dollars in subsidies,
we have dewilded the ocean,
taking these wild animals
to markets globally.
Industrial fishing is
simply too efficient,
and the markets are too demanding.
Wild animals don't stand a chance.
Nothing in their history enables them
to escape the mechanized killing.
Their fleets move like
cities across the high seas,
taking and marketing wildlife.
We almost succeeded
in exterminating the great whales,
but now we know we need whales,
we need squid.
We need the menhaden,
the tuna, the shrimp, the sharks.
Ocean wildlife.
We need them alive.
This is the carbon cycle in action.
This is how the living planet works.
Elements of the universe are moving
from one creature to another,
keeping Earth's chemistry
within safe operating space.
I was told 50 years ago
to be afraid of sharks.
Now I'm afraid because
I don't see sharks when I go diving.
We've eliminated more than half of them
since I began diving.

</details>

### 希望热点网络：全球生态复苏承诺

在许下愿望的同周，**谷歌**（Google）发布了首批10个希望热点。次年，在加拉帕戈斯群岛举行的“海上TED”探险中，上百位思想领袖汇聚一堂，探讨如何改变衰退的轨迹。现场当即达成承诺，从**马尾藻海**（Sargasso Sea）开始保护公海——那里是海龟、鲸鱼等数千种海洋生物的家园。随后，《蓝色任务》和《希望之海》等纪录片相继问世，**Oceans 5**和**Ocean Elders**等组织宣告成立，并为保护加拉帕戈斯群岛筹措了专属资金。
五年后，面对日益严峻的气候问题，各界倡导者再次被召集到“海上TED 2”启航前往南太平洋，共同保护世界之巅的北极公海，制止为了毛皮和战利品而进行的北极熊贸易，并推动南极大陆周边水域磷虾的全面保护。常有人问我最好的潜水胜地在哪里，我的回答是“50年前的几乎任何地方”。虽然我记忆中繁盛的珊瑚礁正快速消亡，部分完好的原始海域亟待最优先的保护，但我们也能够通过努力修复部分创伤。
如今，世界上已有116个国家建立了169个希望热点。它们不是地图上冷冰冰的圆点，而是无数正在收集数据、分享故事、吸引下一代的守护者。在**努沙佩尼达岛**（Nusa Penida）的热点，受损的珊瑚礁在人们的悉心照料下逐渐恢复生机。目前，全球在15个热点区域恢复红树林，在12个区域恢复海草，在26个地方监测海龟，全方位提升了海洋保护的深度与广度。

<details>
<summary>Original English</summary>

In 2009, I wished
for expeditions, films, the web,
new submarines that inspire action.
In [that] same week, Google launched
the first 10 Hope Spots on Google Earth.
In 2010, at a TED at Sea expedition
to the Galapagos Islands,
we gathered together
about 100 big thinkers
to figure out what can we do
to change this trajectory of decline.
On the spot,
the commitment was made
to protect the high seas
starting in the Sargasso Sea.
Sargasso Sea Hope Spot:
the open ocean home
for turtles and whales and sharks
and thousands of other sea creatures.
Another commitment was made
to create a film, "Mission Blue."
And another one, "Sea of Hope."
“Oceans 5” and “Ocean Elders”
were launched.
Funds were created and secured
to help protect the Galapagos Islands.
Five years later,
with climate [as] a top priority,
TED at Sea 2 sailed to
the South Pacific.
Champions were enlisted to help
with the protection
of the top of the world,
the high seas in the Arctic,
and to stop the trade
in wildlife like polar bears,
for rugs and for trophies.
Others were enlisted to bring
about full protection for krill
and other wildlife in the waters
around the Antarctic continent,
along with other great ideas
to try to protect the ocean’s blue heart.
Sometimes I'm asked,
"So what's the best place to go diving?"
And I say, "Almost anywhere
50 years ago."
So much has changed
these images of coral reefs.
It's the way I remember the ocean.
And there are some places
where the ocean is still like this.
They have top priority for protection.
They can't put them
back once they're gone.
We can help restore some of the damage
that we've inflicted,
but there's nothing
like a place that is still intact
after the long history
that preceded humankind.
There is hope because around the world,
people are doing what they can to restore
what has happened to the coral reefs.
There are Mission Blue champions
in 29 Hope Spots that are growing
and planting corals
to help restore the damage.
This is [a] before and after view.
The before: where the corals are healthy,
the system is healthy.
And after: what’s happening on our watch.
But there is reason for hope.
In the Nusa Penida Hope Spot
you can actually see the progression
from a damaged reef
after some time of care,
and then restoration,
to what looks pretty good
as compared to where it started.
(Applause)
I'm working with champions who are helping
to inspire protection
for wild rivers and pathways in the sea
for manatees, turtles, fish and whales.
Today, there are 169 Hope Spots
in 116 countries.
(Applause)
Here on this Esri map,
you can see where action is taking place.
These are not just dots on a map.
These are people.
They are people who are
gathering data, sharing stories,
enlisting kids to care.
Diving in with partners.
Connecting with others.
Mangroves are being restored
in 15 Hope Spots.
Seagrasses in 12,
turtles are being monitored in 26 places,
30 for sharks and rays.
All of these places are creating
awareness and enhanced protection.

</details>

### 生态复苏：自然与商业的正向循环

每一处希望热点背后，都蕴藏着足以照亮未来的成功案例。智利的近海和海岸线是**蓝色任务**（Mission Blue）首批热点之一，如今已成为该国保护超半数海洋面积承诺的核心。当年我首次探访时，仅发现了一只曾被认为已灭绝的**胡安·费尔南德斯海狗**（Juan Fernández fur seal）。而在严格的保护下，今天这些生灵的数量已激增至超过10万只。
在纽约市附近的**辛纳科克湾**（Shinnecock Bay），20世纪的外部海鲜市场颠覆了和谐千年的生态系统，褐潮肆虐，能过滤水质的海草和牡蛎大规模流失。石溪大学的艾伦·皮基奇（Ellen Pikitch）博士计算出，需要投入5300万只蛤蜊才能消除褐潮，成本约5300万美元。尽管资金匮乏，他们依然穷尽所能购买并投放了大量繁育期蛤蜊。随着蛤蜊发挥天然的过滤作用，海草重新生长，水质变得清澈，依赖海草的生物也重返家园。
在法属波利尼西亚的**泰蒂亚罗阿**（Tetiaroa），理查德与玛丽·贝利（Richard and Mary Bailey）正在开创结合环保的科学旅游模式。他们严密保护海龟巢穴，让海龟繁衍至数百只。他们与当地协会合作，将游客、科学家和企业高管纳入一个将探险、研究与环保相融合的商业蓝图。这是一个典型的**蓝绿自然模型**（Blue-green Nature Positive Model: 结合旅游收入与科学研究的生态保护商业模式），无可辩驳地证明了生态保护与创造就业完全能够并行不悖。

<details>
<summary>Original English</summary>

I wish I could tell you about all of them
because the stories
are really cause for hope.
But let me just share a few.
Chile's coast and shoreline offshores
were among Mission Blue’s
first Hope Spots.
They're now a part of Chile's
commitment to protect
more than half of their ocean area.
When I first went there,
we found [a] Juan Fernández fur seal --
just one.
It was thought
that they were really gone.
That was a cause for hope:
we found one.
But today, with protection,
there are more than 100,000
of these creatures.
(Applause)
In the shadow of New York City,
the Shinnecock Bay Hope Spot
is a place where people and nature
thrived for thousands of years.
But 20th-century markets for seafood
beyond the bay upended the system.
More recently, the bay
has been known for brown tides
and the loss of seagrasses and oysters
and clams that once filtered the water
and fed people locally.
Doctor Ellen Pikitch,
a scientist at Stony Brook University,
set out with her colleagues
to do something about it,
and they figured it would take
53 million clams
to restore health,
to filter the water [and]
eliminate those brown tides.
They’ve also calculated it would take
$53 million, at a dollar per clam.
They didn’t have $53 million,
but they bought as many
mom and dad clams as they could,
and they planted them.
Let the clams do the rest.
Seagrasses began to grow again
once the clams were back.
The water became clearer.
Creatures that live
and need the seagrasses
began to return.
And now we can see
that the place is delivering
on the promise of hope.
In French Polynesia,
at the Tetiaroa Hope Spot,
Richard and Mary Bailey are pioneering
science-based tourism
with a conservation twist.
They have fiercely
protected the sea turtle nests.
They've really taken the action
to try to restore a place
that was losing the wildlife
that the ocean needs
to have a secure planet --
and it’s working.
Just a few years ago,
there were only a very few turtles.
Now there are hundreds -- with protection.
Protection works.
With the Tetiaroa Society,
the Baileys are engaging
tourists and scientists,
kids and CEOs
in a business plan that couples tourism,
revenue that is generated
with exploration,
research and conservation.
It's a blue-green nature positive model
that generates income
and jobs in a healthy ocean.

</details>

### 终极抉择：智慧与科技的历史交汇

在保护海洋的最前沿，新锐科技正在与古老智慧产生共鸣。一种新型的潜水器正在建造中，它将带领研究者深入法属波利尼西亚的“暮光区”，探索全球海洋动物日夜上下迁徙的水层系统。同时，团队正与波利尼西亚航海家合作，他们乘坐**Hōkūleʻa**号等传统独木舟，遵循古老的星象路径穿越太平洋。这就像传统地图上描绘的章鱼，头部位于波利尼西亚，触手延伸至各地的希望热点。在这场探险中，潜水器首次被用来观测传统独木舟下方的深海生命网络——那里虽然阴冷且承受高压，却孕育了地球上最核心的生命体系。
我的初衷是建立一个规模足够庞大的希望热点网络。在2009年，全球99%的海洋都处于任意开发状态；而今天，这个数字依然高达97%，我们必须加快干预的步伐。如今，**汤斯维尔AI**（Townsville AI: 处理并可视化全球海洋多维数据的分析系统）正在将温度、化学成分、野生动物迁徙路线等数据进行可视化融合，帮助我们在全球背景下精准诊断海洋危机。
种植珊瑚和蛤蜊已初见成效，我们完全有能力停止将海洋视为垃圾场，停止工业化捕捞。我们更必须坚决抵制深海采矿作业，以免摧毁深层生态系统为全人类提供的底层安全保障。手握着前所未有的丰富知识，我们是地球上最幸运的一代人。恐龙没有选择的余地，但我们有。我们完全有能力做出抉择，在维系我们生存的自然系统中找到属于人类的永恒之地。希望具有强大的感染力，它值得我们每个人去传递。

<details>
<summary>Original English</summary>

A new class of submersibles is being built
that will take scientists,
visitors and curious kids
into French Polynesia's twilight zone
to explore a part of a vital
global system of animals
that migrate up and down
in the water column every day,
every night.
Mission Blue is partnering
with the Polynesian voyagers,
with Nainoa Thompson and those
who travel across the Pacific
in traditional voyaging canoes
like the Hōkūleʻa,
following ancient pathways,
depicted too, on traditional maps,
like an octopus.
The head of the octopus
is in French Polynesia,
but the arms extend to islands
across the Pacific
to Hope Spots that have been
established in recent years.
A three-year expedition is currently,
right now, underway
to connect people across the Pacific
with ancient values
of ocean care and respect.
With the subs for the first time,
they can go see who lives under the canoe.
This is, after all,
the lower sunlight shines
where it's cold, it's dark,
it's high pressure,
but it's where most of life
on Earth actually exists.
The merger of new technology
and ancient wisdom.
My wish was inspired by the keen desire
to build a safety net of Hope Spots,
large enough to really understand
and protect the ocean
that protects all of us.
At the time,
99 percent of the ocean
was open for exploitation.
Today, 97 percent
is still open for exploitation.
It's time to seriously scale up.
Hope Spots are helping.
Townsville AI is visualizing Hope Spots
with global data
on temperature, chemistry,
fishing pressure,
wildlife migration routes,
land-based information,
to better understand the problems
in the context of the whole world.
Now we know.
Planting trees, planting corals
and clams --
it helps.
We can stop trashing the ocean.
We can stop industrial fishing.
We must never allow the
mining of the deep seas
to sweep away the security
the living deep ocean
provides to all of us.
Armed with greater knowledge
than has ever existed before,
we are the luckiest people ever
to have arrived on Earth.
We can choose the future we want.
We can.
Dinosaurs could not.
Truly, we have a choice.
We can find an enduring
place for ourselves
within the natural living systems
that make possible our existence.
Systems that sustain us.
Hope Spots are helping.
And you can, too.
Hope is contagious.
Hope is an idea worth spreading.
Thank you.
(Applause and cheers)

</details>