--- author: Adam's Axiom date: '2026-11-01' guest: '' layout: post.njk source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oH3SiOiWv3k speaker: Adam's Axiom tags: - banking-fee - overdraft-fee - checking-account - credit-card - personal-finance title: 银行从客户身上赚钱的十种常见手段 summary: 视频梳理了银行利用日常支票账户、储蓄与信用卡盈利的十种手段，包括透支费、超低储蓄利率、最低余额管理费、双重ATM手续费、大额优先交易扣款、免费支票账户隐藏成本、定期存款自动续期、纸质账单收费、信用卡最低还款额及预先批准办卡信件等机制。 insight: '' draft: true series: '' category: investment-assets area: finance-wealth project: [] people: [] companies_orgs: - Chase - Citi - TD - FDIC - FTC - NerdWallet - Bankrate products_models: [] media_books: [] status: evergreen --- ### 1. 透支费（Overdraft Fee） 以下是银行从你身上赚钱的十种手段，首先从你日常使用的支票账户谈起。**第一项，透支费。** 想象一下你已开通了借记卡透支功能。当你缺钱时买了一杯5美元的咖啡，交易通过了，却触发了27美元的透支费。这杯咖啡实际花费了你32美元。在 NerdWallet 2026年3月的对比中，27美元是收取透支费的机构中的平均金额。银行补足了差额，但随即加上了一笔甚至远超购买金额本身的费用。 为什么你会中招？因为卡能刷过，你拿到了饮品。在柜台结账时，没有任何感觉让你觉得刚刚同意了一笔昂贵得多的消费。额外的成本出现在你的账户账单上，远离了你最初认定那杯咖啡值5美元的决定时刻。商家拿到了5美元，而银行则因允许你花掉并不拥有的钱而获得了报酬。
Original English Here are ten tricks banks use to make money off you, starting with your everyday checking account. Number one, the overdraft fee. Imagine you've opted into debit card overdrafts. A five-dollar coffee goes through when you're short of money, and it triggers a twenty-seven-dollar fee. That coffee has now cost you thirty-two dollars. Twenty-seven dollars was the average among fee-charging providers in NerdWallet's March 2026 comparison. The bank covers the shortfall, then adds a charge that can dwarf the purchase itself. Why does this catch you? The card works. You get your drink. Nothing at the counter feels like you've just agreed to a much more expensive purchase. The extra cost appears in your account away from the moment you decided the coffee was worth five dollars. The store gets its five dollars. The bank gets paid for letting you spend money you didn't have.
### 2. 几乎微不可见的储蓄利率 **第二项，几乎微不可见的储蓄利率。** 存下10,000美元听起来是一笔相当不错的储蓄。但如果按年利率0.01%计算，它一年只能赚到1美元。大通银行（Chase）2026年10月的利率表列出的 Chase 储蓄账户正是该利率。按这个利率把钱放在那里整整一年，产生的利息甚至买不起我们刚才买的那杯咖啡。银行通过贷款和投资赚取利息，并向存款支付利息。较低的储蓄利率让这一资金来源保持低成本。 即使进入你账户的利息微乎其微，你的存款余额对银行依然很有价值。让人感到别扭的是，低利率看起来并不像一笔收费。那里没有红色的减号要求你做出解释。你的一万美元仍然还在，因此你可能会觉得什么都没发生。你真正放弃的是原本可以在其他地方赚到的收益。 这种差距需要对比才能看出来，它不会以单独账单的形式寄给你。而且，一旦某个账户变得熟悉，查看其利率感觉就不如确认工资是否到账那么紧迫。当银行只需为你存放资金支付极少的报酬时，它根本不需要从你的储蓄中扣走任何一美元。
Original English Number two, the almost invisible savings rate. $10,000 sounds like a decent amount to have saved. At zero point zero one percent a year, it earns one dollar. Chase's October twenty twenty-six rate sheet lists that rate for Chase savings. Leave the money there all year at that rate, and the interest won't buy the coffee we just bought. Banks earn interest on loans and investments and pay interest on deposits. A low savings rate keeps that funding cheap. Your balance can be useful to the bank even when the interest arriving in your account barely moves. The awkward part is that a low rate doesn't look like a charge. There's no red minus sign demanding an explanation. Your ten thousand dollars is still there, so you can feel as though nothing has happened. What you're giving up is income you could have earned elsewhere. That difference has to be compared. It doesn't arrive as a separate bill. And once an account is familiar, checking its rate can feel less urgent than checking whether your paycheck arrived. The bank doesn't need to take a dollar out of your savings when it can pay you very little for keeping them.
### 3. 最低余额管理费 **第三项，最低余额费。** 假设你在支票账户中保持1,500美元以避免月费。随后一张账单寄达，你的余额下降，这个账户本身便成了另一笔账单。Chase Total Checking 列出了每月15美元的服务费。避免该费用的一种方法是在账单周期的每一天开始时至少拥有1,500美元。那是每一天，而不仅仅是你查看账户的那一天。 还有其他符合免除费用的途径，包括500美元的合规电子存款。但如果你依赖每日余额规则，在周期结束时补足资金并不能抹去之前出现的跌幅。 因此，你可能会在阈值之上保留一笔缓冲资金。这保住了免收费用的资格，但同时也让资金闲置在账户中，否则你可能会有其他用途。无论哪种方式，银行都能获利：要么保留了你维持的余额，要么在你未满足条件时收取费用。让人感到不合理的地方在于收费扣除的时刻：你本就可用资金变少了，而维持这个账户现在却要花费你更多钱。
Original English Number three, the minimum balance fee. Suppose you keep fifteen hundred dollars in checking to avoid a monthly charge. Then a bill arrives, your balance falls, and the account itself becomes another bill. Chase Total Checking lists a fifteen-dollar monthly service fee. One way to avoid it is to have at least fifteen hundred dollars at the beginning of every day in the statement period. That’s every day, not just the day you check. There are other qualifying routes, including five hundred dollars in qualifying electronic deposits. But if you’re relying on the daily balance rule, topping up at the end doesn’t erase an earlier dip. So you may leave a cushion above the threshold. That protects the waiver, but it also leaves money sitting in an account you might otherwise use differently. The bank can benefit either way. It keeps the balance you’re maintaining or collects the fee when you miss the conditions. The part that feels backward is when the charge arrives. You’ve just had less money available, and keeping the account now costs you more
### 4. 双重 ATM 手续费 **第四项，双重 ATM 费用。** 你在一家只收现金的餐馆外。门口旁边有一台 ATM，于是你取出20美元。机器警告你要收取手续费。因为晚餐就在眼前，你接受了这笔费用。随后，你自己的银行还会因为你使用了别人的机器而向你收费。一次取款，两家企业获得收益。 Bankrate 2025年的调查显示，跨行 ATM 的平均综合费用为4.86美元。对于20美元的取款而言，单为了拿到现金，就花掉了接近所取现金总额的四分之一。 机器所有者的收费购买了对该机器的使用权；你所属银行的收费则来自其自身的账户条款。接受第一笔费用并不一定结清了全部成本，而做出决定的时刻正处于便利性最关键的当口。你已经站在那里，餐馆需要现金，寻找另一台 ATM 意味着要离开。在家里看起来很荒唐的费用，此时突然变得像是让今晚顺利进行下去的代价。你的钱并没有走太远，却被收了两次通行费。
Original English Number four, the double ATM fee. You're outside a cash-only restaurant. There's an ATM beside the door, so you take out $20. The machine warns you about a fee. You accept it because dinner is right there. Then your own bank can charge you for using somebody else's machine. One withdrawal, two businesses getting paid. Bankrate's 2025 survey put the average combined out-of-network ATM fee at $4.86. On a $20 withdrawal, that would be nearly a quarter of the cash you came for spent just getting it into your hand. The machine owner's charge buys access to that machine. Your bank's charge comes from its own account terms. Accepting the first fee doesn't necessarily settle the whole cost, and the decision happens when convenience matters most. You're already standing there, the restaurant needs cash, and finding another ATM means leaving. A fee that looked ridiculous at home can suddenly seem like the price of getting on with your evening. Your money hasn't traveled very far. It has collected two tolls.
### 5. 从大到小排列交易扣款 **第五项，从大到小的交易排序。** 这是一种有记录的较旧做法，其中的排序就是整个玄机所在。假设你的账户里有100美元，同时有两笔20美元的付款和一笔90美元的付款等待结算。 先处理小额付款，账户里的钱足够支付这两笔。随后那笔90美元的付款会让你的余额降至零以下。现在，把90美元的付款排在最前面：你剩下10美元。之后每一笔20美元的付款都会让账户进一步透支。在按次收费的透支制度下，同样的消费会产生两笔透支费，而不是一笔。你没有额外购买任何东西，借贷的总额也没有任何改变。银行只是改变了你资金用尽的先后顺序。 FDIC 在其2008年的透支研究中记录了从大到小的处理方式。其监管指导意见指出，重新排序以优先清算最大项目往往会增加透支费用，并非中立的处理方式。交易顺序与余额同样重要。消费的内容保持不变，但手续费的计费次数却改变了。
Original English Number five, largest first ordering. This is a documented older practice, and the order is the whole trick. Imagine a hundred dollars in your account with two twenty dollar payments and one ninety dollar payment waiting to clear. Put the small payments through first, and there's enough money for both. The ninety dollar payment takes you below zero. Now, put the ninety dollar payment first. You have ten dollars left. Each twenty dollar payment then takes the account further below zero. Under a fee per overdraft system, the same spending can create two fees instead of one. You haven't bought anything extra. You haven't borrowed a different total. The bank has changed the sequence in which your money runs out. The FDIC documented largest first processing in its two thousand and eight overdraft study. Its supervisory guidance says reordering to clear the largest item first tends to increase overdraft fees and isn't neutral processing. The transaction order matters as well as the balance. The shopping stays the same. The fee count changes.
### 6. “免费”支票账户的商业逻辑 **第六项，免费支票账户。** 你看到“免费”一词，便觉得比价结束了。但哪一部分是免费的呢？ 根据联邦广告法规，如果银行可以收取月度维护费，它就不能称该账户为免费账户。然而，某些单独的服务仍然可能需要付费，包括订购支票或申请止付。因此，该账户可以在满足免费支票账户规则的同时，对其需要执行的特定操作收取费用。你对比的是入场费，而部分业务交易却发生在门槛之内。 借记卡开辟了另一条盈利路径。当你购买物品时，发卡行可以从交易的商户端收取费用。你不需要在自己的手机银行 App 中看到单独的扣费，银行就能从该笔消费中获得收入。即使你从未支付过月费，银行也依然希望获得你的账户。“免费”只是描述了针对你的价格，并不意味着商业模式的缺失。
Original English Number six, free checking. You see the word free and feel you've finished comparing prices. But which part is free? Under federal advertising rules, a bank can't call an account free if it can impose a monthly maintenance charge. Yet certain separate services can still cost money, including ordering checks or stopping a payment. So the account can meet the rule for free checking while a particular thing you need it to do has a price. You're comparing the entrance fee while some of the business happens inside. The debit card creates another route. When you buy something, the bank that issued the card can receive a payment from the merchant's side of the transaction. You don't have to see a separate charge in your banking app for the bank to earn revenue from that purchase. A bank can want your account even when you never pay a monthly fee. Free describes a price to you, not the absence of a business model.
### 7. 自动续期的定期存单（CD） **第七项，自动续期的定期存单（CD）。** 你同意在固定期限内将部分储蓄留在银行，以换取规定的利率。到期日被记在了日历上，随后你把日历抛到了脑后。花旗银行（Citi）表示，其定期存单到期后会自动按续期日当天的可用利率续订相同的期限。它为你提供到期后最多7个日历日的宽限期，以便在不产生罚金的情况下做出更改。真正重要的细节是新的利率。 产品的续订并不保证延续当初吸引你的优惠条件。如果利率下降，下一个周期的回报可能会减少；而对于带有提前支取罚金的标准定期存单，如果过了宽限期才察觉，可能会让你在接受新期限和支付退出罚金之间两难。一切都不必表现得十分引人注意：钱依然在银行里，账户名称依然叫定期存单。你最初的决定只是变成了同意再存一期的许可。银行留住了这笔存款，因为什么都不做同样是一种指令。
Original English Number seven, the CD that renews itself. You agree to leave some savings with the bank for a fixed period in return for a stated interest rate. The end date goes on your calendar, then you forget the calendar. Citi says its CDs automatically renew at maturity for the same term at the rate available on the renewal date. It gives you up to seven calendar days after maturity to make a change without a penalty. The detail that matters is the new rate. Renewing the product doesn't promise to renew the deal that attracted you. If rates have fallen, the next term can pay less, and on a standard CD with an early withdrawal penalty, noticing after the grace period can leave you choosing between accepting the new term and paying to get out. Nothing needs to look dramatic. The money is still in the bank, and the account is still called a CD. Your original decision has simply become permission for another term. The bank keeps the deposit because doing nothing was an instruction too
### 8. 纸质账单服务费 **第八项，纸质账单费。** 信封寄到，你把它和各类账单放在一起，一项熟悉的银行习惯便悄然变成了付费服务。TD 银行的计息支票账户指南列出了每月3美元的纸质账单费。持续接收这些账单12个月，就是36美元。你可能因为纸质账单更易于阅读、归档或与协助你管理账户的人共享而倾向于纸质版。即使你将其视为管理自己资金的常规记录，银行依然会对这种投递方式的选择收取费用。 3美元的金额也小到足以让人推迟去查明情况。很容易想着以后再去处理，尤其是当账单一直都是这样寄达的时候。这项费用可以持续扣除，而这件待办事项却一直停留在你的清单上。这与强迫你立即做出决定的巨额收费不同。小额反复出现的扣费能够持续收取，是因为每个单独月份都显得过于琐碎，不足以打扰你的日常。信封看似熟悉，年费总额却往往被忽视。
Original English Number eight, the paper statement fee. The envelope arrives, you put it with the bills, and a familiar banking habit has quietly become a paid service. TD's interest checking account guide lists a three-dollar monthly paper statement fee. Keep receiving those statements for 12 months, and that's thirty-six dollars. You might want paper because it's easier to read, file, or share with someone helping you manage the account. The bank charges for the delivery choice even when you think of it as the ordinary record of your own money. Three dollars is also small enough to put off investigating. It's easy to imagine sorting it out later, especially when the statement has always arrived this way. The charge can continue while the task stays on your list. This is different from a big fee that forces an immediate decision. A small repeating charge can keep collecting because each individual month feels too minor to interrupt your day. The envelope is familiar. The annual total is less so.
### 9. 信用卡最低还款额 **第九项，最低还款额。** 你的信用卡账单显示出一个巨大的欠款余额以及一个少得多的应还金额。哪个数字更像是你今天必须解决的问题？ 支付最低还款额可以让你维持正常履约状态，但你背负的余额仍会继续为银行产生利息。支付账单与偿清借款是两码事。假设你欠款1,000美元，年利率为24%。粗略计算，一个月的利息大约是20美元。如果你的还款额是30美元，其中只有大约10美元用于减少本金债务。那笔还款的大部分并没有帮你摆脱这笔余额。 信用卡账单会显示在只按最低还款额还款且没有新增消费的情况下，还清借款预计需要多长时间。警示框还可以显示如果要花三年时间清偿该余额，你每月需要支付多少。那一笔较小的付款可能感觉像是一种进展，因为你履行了本月的义务。但对银行而言，更长期的计息余额意味着可以获得更多月份的利息收入。
Original English Number nine, the minimum payment. Your credit card bill shows a big balance and a much smaller amount due. Which number feels like the problem you have to solve today? Making the minimum can keep you current, but the balance you carry can keep earning interest for the bank. Paying the bill and paying off the borrowing are different things. Imagine you owe $1,000 at a 24% annual rate. Roughly speaking, a month of interest is about $20. If your payment is $30, only about $10 reduces the original debt. Most of that payment hasn't bought you freedom from the balance. Credit card statements show an estimate of how long repayment takes with minimum payments and no new purchases. The warning box can also show what you'd need to pay each month to clear that balance in three years. That smaller payment can feel like progress because you've met this month's obligation. For the bank, a longer-lived interest-bearing balance can mean more months of interest income
### 10. 预先批准的办卡推销 **第十项，预先批准的办卡要约。** 一个写有你名字的信封寄达，告诉你已被选中。你原本并未打算再办一张信用卡，而现在你却在考虑一张似乎已经挑选了你的卡片。 联邦贸易委员会（FTC）解释了预选要约（pre-screened offers）的运作方式：贷方设定标准，征信机构找出信用记录符合这些标准的人群。该要约寄给你，是因为你符合一套借贷要求。这与有人专门去计算另一张卡是否能改善你的生活完全是两回事。但符合申请资格并不等同于其价格或借款额度适合你的需求。 如果你接受了该要约，银行就获得了另一个从交易、适用费用以及当你保有计息余额时赚取利息的机会。邀请信通过将一款你原本未计划购买的产品推到你的待办清单上，达到了它的目的。这感觉像是一种认可，但它也是客户获取手段。银行确定了一个希望与其开展业务的对象，并把你的名字印在了邀请函上。 想了解资金离开银行后的去向，请观看《沃尔玛让你花更多钱的种种手段》。
Original English Number 10, the pre-approved offer. An envelope arrives with your name on it telling you that you've been selected. You weren't looking for another credit card. Now you're considering one that seems to have already chosen you. The FTC explains how pre-screened offers work. A lender sets criteria, and a credit bureau identifies people whose credit records meet them. The offer reaches you because you fit a set of lending requirements. That's different from someone working out whether another card would improve your life. But being eligible for an offer doesn't establish that its price or borrowing limit suits what you need. If you take it, the bank gains another opportunity to earn from transactions, applicable fees, and interest when you carry a balance. The invitation has done its job by getting a product you hadn't planned to shop for onto your list. It feels like recognition. It's also customer acquisition. The bank has identified someone it would like to do business with and put your name on the invitation. To see what happens to your money after it leaves the bank, watch Every Trick Walmart Uses to Make You Spend More