--- author: Money or Life 美股频道 date: '2026-11-07' guest: '' layout: post.njk source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Quy4wgmyASs speaker: Money or Life 美股频道 tags: - aerospace - rocket-propulsion - satellite-constellation - space-exploration title: SpaceX星舰首次入轨与星链部署：发射决策、在轨滑行与受控离轨 summary: 本篇记录了SpaceX星舰任务的关键历程。在飞行过程中6号发动机异常关机后，团队评估风险并经高层推翻保守规则决定继续入轨，最终成功部署26颗Starlink卫星并执行夏威夷海域受控离轨点火。 insight: '' draft: true series: '' category: tech-trends area: tech-engineering project: [] people: [] companies_orgs: - SpaceX products_models: - Starship - Raptor - Starlink media_books: [] status: evergreen --- ### 猛禽发动机与首飞挑战 在我看来，猛禽发动机是 SpaceX 乃至全世界最令人惊叹的工程壮举之一。但它是一个复杂的设备，随着复杂性的增加，出错的方式也会成倍增加。因此，在历史性的返场着陆任务中，依赖这台发动机来完成最后 1% 的关键阶段，是相当令人提心吊胆的。
Original English The Raptor engine, in my opinion, is one of the most impressive feats of engineering that's happened at SpaceX and maybe in the world. But it is a complex device and with complexity there come many many ways for things to go wrong. And so relying on this engine to get us there for that final 1% of a historic return to launch site mission is pretty scary.
T 加 1 分钟，维持 33 台发动机运转。
Original English T plus one minute maintaining 33 engines.
>> 氧化剂压力控制良好，
Original English >> Good authority on ox press,
>> 6 台发动机。
Original English >> six engines.
>> 级间分离，
Original English >> Stage separation,
>> 31 台发动机正常。
Original English >> 31 engines for respect.
异常回路 2。确认 6 号发动机异常。
Original English on Anomaly 2. Acknowledging Engine 6
>> 在猛禽 2 号上。供参考，似乎 E6 发动机发生了 OCU 控制器复位，导致了发动机关机。
Original English >> on Raptor 2. For awareness, it appears the E6 took an OCU controller reset, which is what drove the shutdown.
>> 推进回路 2，让我们检查所有系统。确保我们在这里可以安全进入轨道。
Original English >> And on prop 2, let's take a look at all of our systems. Make sure we're good to go for orbit here.
异常回路 2，由于 E6 关机，我们暂不决定进入轨道。
Original English On Anomaly 2 with E6 shutdown, we are not committing to orbit.
我们首次轨道飞行所涉及的风险，主要集中在飞船的完全解体销毁能力上。为了做到这一点，我们有很多事情必须做好，特别是在任务后期维持航天器健康状态以便脱离轨道方面。
Original English The risks involved with our first orbital flight are largely centered around the demisability of the ship. We have a lot we got to get right to do this, especially when it comes to sustaining a healthy vehicle that can get out of orbit late in missions.
>> 在航天界，要么是火箭，要么是航天器。火箭被设计为将你运送上去的运输系统；而航天器则是能在轨道上长期留存的物体。我们正在尝试制造一种既是火箭，又能像航天器一样运作的飞行器。这是一种能在轨道上停留很长时间，之后还能点燃猛禽发动机、安全脱离轨道并幸存下来的航天器。
Original English >> In the space world, you either have rockets or you have spacecraft. Rockets are designed as the transportation system that gets you up. Spacecraft are things that live in orbit for a long time. We're trying to make something that's a rocket, but that can act like a spacecraft. This is a vehicle that can be in orbit for a long time and after that can light the Raptor engines and come safely out of orbit and survive.
这是我们从 40 号飞船上取下的两块隔热瓦之一。这里的目标是首次在星舰飞船上证明隔热瓦可以重复飞行。如果你在我们发射 40 号飞船的那天问我，我们是否会飞到澳大利亚，剥下隔热瓦，然后在 41 号飞船上重复飞行，我可能会拿一年的薪水跟你打赌那绝对不可能发生。
Original English This is one of two tiles that we took off of ship 40. The goal here is to prove for the first time ever on a Starship vehicle that tiles can be refflown. If you asked me the day we flew 40 if we were going to fly to Australia, rip off tiles and then refly them on 41, I would have bet you like a year salary that wasn't going to happen.
>> 能亲手拿着一块真正飞行过并且安全返回的隔热瓦，这是下一个篇章的开始。
Original English >> To be able to hold a tile that is actually flown and come home. It's the beginning of that next chapter.
### 发射前夕与 E6 发动机异常 >> 飞行控制 RC LVN 0。我们首先对各项风险数值给出 Go。
Original English >> Flight RC LVN zero. We are go for our risk numbers first.
>> 收到。Go 执行设定。推进剂排放完成。T 减 2 分钟。追踪正常，无问题。
Original English >> Copy. Go for a set. Draw props. Closed out. T-minus 2 minutes. Track. No issues.
>> 我想说大家对今天充满了期待。这是长时间积累的结果。这是我们的第一次轨道级任务。所以，这里的第一个大目标是向轨道运送有效载荷。这些将是能够真正为星座提供服务的功能性星链卫星。实际上，整个轨道飞行测试活动一直在为此做铺垫。
Original English >> I'd say there's lots of anticipation for today. This has been the buildup for a long time. This is our first orbital mission. So, first big objective here is we're delivering useful payloads to orbit. So, these will be functional Starlinks that'll actually serve the constellation. Really, the whole orbital test flight campaign has been building up to this.
>> 飞行总指挥确认发射。飞行任务已承诺。
Original English >> Flight show for launch. Flight committed.
在异常回路 2 上，我们刚刚收到确认，由于 E6 提前关机，我们对进入轨道为 No-go。
Original English On anomaly 2, we just got confirmation that we are no go for orbit with this E6 premature shutdown. down.
>> 我们已经强调过多次，只有在对航天器的健康状态极其有信心时，我们才会进入轨道。
Original English >> We've said it multiple times. We are only going to go to orbit when we are extremely confident in the health of the vehicle.
>> 听起来他们暂不决定进入轨道。
Original English >> It sounds like they're not committing to orbit.
>> 好的。
Original English >> Okay.
>> 如果他们不决定进入轨道，我们对下一步行动有预案吗？我不知道他们会不会释放卫星。
Original English >> If they don't commit to orbit, do we have a plan for what we're doing? I don't know if they will dispense the satellites.
>> 是的，我觉得他们不会放。
Original English >> Yeah, I don't think they do.
>> 对，那演出就结束了。
Original English >> Yeah, that' be the end of the show.
>> 明白了。
Original English >> Got it.
>> Neil 发消息说，呃，是的，飞行规则是不继续执行……
Original English >> Neil messaged that. Um, yeah, the flight rule is to not proceed to.
### 入轨决策博弈与点火 好的，在 6 号发动机熄火之前，一切看起来都很顺利。我们在飞行前确定的一切原则都是采取保守做法：如果航天器状态不健康，就不要冒险进入轨道，我们将在印度洋进行受控坠毁处置。
Original English Okay, so everything looked great until engine 6 went out. Everything pre-flight we had determined, let's do the conservative thing. If the vehicle is unhealthy, do not commit to go to orbit. and we would do a disposal into the Indian Ocean.
>> 失去发动机的那一刻，大家心里都清楚飞船的任务可能就到此为止了。
Original English >> The moment we lost the engine, we all kind of knew this was the end of the mission for the ship.
>> 在第一次滑行段只有 17 分钟的时间来进行任何处置。
Original English >> There's only 17 minutes in that first coast to do anything.
>> 让我再排查一次。看起来……
Original English >> Let me do another scrub. It looks like
>> 曾经存在很大的不确定性，原本我们已经采取了保守策略。我们之前想的是，如果出了任何差错，就不要继续推进。而 Elon 真正质疑了这些要求，并问我们：到底有没有什么因素真正阻止我们向前推进？研发项目与量产项目在风险理念上有很大不同。在发射日当天，我们面临来自发动机团队、航空电子设备、计算机、推进系统以及火箭上所有管路的风险；我们面临来自发射台的风险，面临来自发射塔和捕获臂的风险。但目标始终是在能够学到最多的地方承担风险，这就是我们每天在做的权衡权衡。
Original English >> there was lots of uncertainty of we had done the conservative thing. We had thought like hey let's not proceed if if anything goes wrong and and Elon really questioned the requirements and asked us is there anything actually prohibiting us from going forward a development program has a very different risk concept to a production program on launch day we get risks from the engine team from avionics from the computers from the propulsion system from all the plumbing on the rocket we get risks from the launchpad we get risks from the tower and the catch arms but the goal is ways to take the risk in the place where you can learn the most and that's the calculus that we're doing every day.
>> 于是 Jake 对发动机系统给出了最终的 Go，并向 Elon 建议继续执行任务。
Original English >> And so Jake was the final go for the engine systems and made the recommendation to Elon to keep going.
>> 飞行控制 FC2 在 LVN2。呃，我们拥有高层指令覆盖和一致同意。我们希望在这种状态下进入轨道。我们希望解除任务暂停。
Original English >> Flight FC2 on LVN2. Uh we have exact override and concurrence. We want to go to orbit with this condition. We would like to lift the hold.
>> 嘿各位，我可以在这里说明一下。他们表示很可能会继续执行入轨，前提是在轨道注入点火前 4 分钟的最终 Go/No-go 轮询通过。
Original English >> Hey team, I can weigh in here. They're saying that they're going to likely proceed with orbit pending a final go no-go 4 minutes before the orbital insertion burn.
>> 谢谢，Thomas。
Original English >> Thanks, Thomas.
转换。
Original English Transition.
>> 这是第二次入轨点火的 Go/No-go 轮询。请按呼号报告状态。第二级。
Original English >> This is the go no-go poll for burn two orbit. Provide your status in cold. Stage two.
>> 第二级 Go。
Original English >> Stage two is go.
>> 猛禽 2 号。
Original English >> Raptor two.
>> 猛禽 2 号确认入轨 Go。二次点火启动。
Original English >> Raptor two is go for orbit. Burn two startup.
提前滑行。
Original English Early coast.
二次点火关机。
Original English Burn two shutdown.
面板上无警告或报警。
Original English No alerts or alarms on the board.
>> 我们进入轨道了。
Original English >> We're in orbit.
>> 太好了。
Original English >> All right.
是的，看起来很棒。
Original English Yeah, it looks good.
### 星链卫星部署与星座扩展 >> 现在到了有趣的部分。
Original English >> Now for the fun part.
是啊，我昨晚可没怎么睡。把这些卫星送入轨道真的是让人非常兴奋。
Original English Yeah, I can't say I slept a ton last night. Just like really quite excited to get these satellites into orbit.
>> 首次信号建立。
Original English >> First contact.
>> 你怎么强调这个里程碑对星舰的重要性都不为过。我是说，团队为此努力了这么久。这枚火箭显然将对航天飞行乃至人类产生变革性的影响。
Original English >> You can't overstate how important of a milestone this is for Starship. I mean, the team has been working on this for so long. This rocket is obviously going to be transformational for spaceflight, for humanity.
>> 所有卫星信号连通。向星舰团队致敬。他们刚才到底进不进入轨道着实让我们吓了一跳。不过呃，真的很开心他们最终把我们的卫星送上去了。是的，全部 26 颗卫星都连接到了网络。
Original English >> All sads IN CONTACT. SHOUT OUT TO the Starship team. Gave us a little heart attack there whether they were going orbital or they weren't going orbital. But uh real happy they ended up getting our sats up there. And yeah, all 26 sats connected to the network
>> 在雷德蒙德和在星舰基地，我们是两个独立的团队，但我们密切合作。能携手合作、成为他们的有效载荷并完成一次成功的任务，真是太令人激动了。现在它不仅是一艘测试飞船，它是……它是一次真正的任务。
Original English >> in Redmond and in Starbase. We're two separate teams, but we do partner together. And it's so exciting to collaborate and to be able to be their payload and have a successful mission. It's not just a test chip now. It's it's a true mission.
这证明了这枚火箭确实具有实用价值。随着它开始向星链星座增添卫星，它将使我们的网络变得更好、服务更优质，然后这一切将形成飞轮效应，推动星舰持续发射、持续复用。
Original English This is the thing proves out that yeah, this rocket has a a useful purpose. And as it starts adding satellites to the the Starling constellation, it's going to make our network better, our service better, and then it's going to roll that all into continuing to build the flywheel of making Starship continuously launch, continuously be reused.
综合各方面来看，到目前为止这基本上是一次无可挑剔的任务。所有 26 颗卫星均已部署，从那时起它们一直在成功爬升。
Original English All things considered, it's been basically a spotless mission so far. All 26 satellites deployed and they've been successfully climbing ever since then.
在星链，我们从根本上认为这项技术能够支撑当今地球上大约一半的互联网流量。因此，真正的挑战落在了我们身上，去努力实现这一目标。
Original English At Starlink, we think fundamentally the technology is able to support on the order of half of all the internet traffic that is on Earth today. And so really the challenge is on us to go and deliver on that goal.
就单颗卫星而言，这些航天器的性能基本上是我们 V2 卫星的 10 倍。
Original English On a per satellite basis, these vehicles are basically 10 times as performance as our V2 satellites.
如果你把我们现有的整个 V2 卫星群全部替换为 V3，你将获得一个性能提高 10 倍的网络。因此，一旦星舰达到每月发射一次的节奏（也就是一年大约 12 次发射），在网络增长方面就基本相当于追平了我们在星链上表现最好的一年。
Original English If you were to just swap out our entire V2 fleet with V3s, you would have a network that was 10 times as capable. And so once Starship gets to like a monthly cadence with like 12 launches a year there, that's essentially tying like our best year on Starlink in terms of like network growth.
>> 所以这确实是一个转折点，我们从研发模式转向了生产制造与运营模式。从今往后的每一次发射都将产生实际价值。
Original English >> So it's really a turning point where we shift from development mode into production mode. Every launch from here going forward is going to generate real value.
### 着陆点决策与低温推进剂挑战 我们在有效载荷部署后大概有 30 分钟的时间来做出决定。
Original English We have like 30 minutes to make a call like right after payload deploy.
>> 是的。
Original English >> Yeah.
>> 所以，我们在本次任务中规划了两个着陆地点。一个是智利，对应 9 小时的飞行任务；另一个是在夏威夷的备用着陆点。设置两个着陆地点的原因是，如果出现任何问题，我们一路上都有备用退路，让我们能够把火箭安全降落在某个地方。是的，
Original English >> So, we had two planned landing locations for this mission. One in Chile with a 9-hour mission and a backup landing site at Hawaii. The reason we did two landing sites was so that if we had any issues arise, we had outs along the way that allowed us to put the rocket down somewhere safe. Yeah,
>> 大概有 90%……
Original English >> it's like 90%
>> 比如发动机关机属于风险上升，然后……
Original English >> Like engine shut down is like elevated risk and then
一些上升的风险。二次点火和再入是……
Original English some elevated risk. The subway and the entry is
更高的风险，这需要很长的时间。从再入阶段来说只是有一点点风险。真正的风险在于：我们是否因为现在没有关注正确的事情而忽略了某些潜在问题？
Original English a higher risk like really long way. It's just a little risk from the entrance. The real risk is are we up and missing something because we're not looking at the right thing right now.
>> 所以，
Original English >> So,
看来他们正在讨论这件事。
Original English seems like they're chatting it.
>> 对于轨道级飞行器来说，星舰的滑行时间将会相当长。这是同级别和同等尺寸的飞行器中经历过最长的滑行段，之后还要尝试重新点火。
Original English >> Starship's coasts are going to be quite long for a orbital stage. It's the longest that any vehicle of its caliber and size will ever have coasted and then tried to relight.
>> 是的。现在，让星舰在轨长时间停留特别棘手的事情之一就是低温推进剂。随着时间的推移，来自外部环境的大量热量基本上会让推进剂沸腾，有点像炉子上烧开水。所以，我们该如何将液体保持在适宜的温度，以便我们在任务结束时仍有液体来执行离轨和着陆点火？
Original English >> Yeah. Now, one of the things that makes Starship particularly tricky towards the long duration on orbit is the cryogenic propellants. And over time, you have lots of heat from your environment that basically wants to boil that propellant. Kind of like boiling water on a stove. And so, how do we keep the liquid at a happy temperature such that we have liquid remaining at the end of the mission to do the orbit and landing burn?
>> 我赞同提前在夏威夷着陆的决定。鉴于我们已经较好地缓解了推进剂沉降问题，我认为不应仅仅因为在头箱中使用氦气就对此设卡限制。
Original English >> I agree with the decision to go to early Hawaii. I don't think that I would gate that just on using helium in the header tanks given we're pretty well mitigated settling.
>> 是的，完全赞同这一点。是的，我们刚才正和后方的 Mark 以及 Jake 讨论。
Original English >> Yeah, totally agree on that. Yeah, we're just chatting here with the back with Mark and Jake
飞行控制在 LVN 2。鉴于迄今为止发生的一切，确认我们将选择在夏威夷着陆。我们选择夏威夷。
Original English flight on LVN 2 confirming we're going to commit to Hawaii given everything that's happened this far. We've done Hawaii.
### 发动机测试与全流量分级燃烧 我们可能在历史性的第二级返场着陆任务中完成了 99% 的进程，但我们必须保证那些猛禽发动机正常工作。这就是为什么我们投入了如此多的时间来测试发动机，以确保它们能够稳健可靠地运行。
Original English We could get 99% of the way through a historic second stage return to launch site, but we need those Raptor engines to work. And that's why we put so much time into testing the engines to make sure they will work robustly.
我们现在位于 Bravo 猛禽测试台。在这个测试工位我们有两个助推器模块。所以基本上我们做的是截取了航天器尾段的一个切片，并把它直接安装在这里的测试舱中，安装方式与我们在航天器上的完全一样。然后我们的测试方式也与在航天器上完全一样。
Original English We are at Raptor Stand Bravo. We have two booster modules at this test position. And so basically what we did is we took a slice of the aft end of the vehicle and we put it right here in the bay and we install it just like we do on the vehicle. And then we also test it just like we do on the vehicle.
我们最初开始测试猛禽发动机时，最初的 100 吨级是采用卧式测试的，因为我们不想在还不确定能否成功的东西上耗资建设火焰偏流槽基础设施并向下开挖导流槽。当时我们根本不知道全流量分级燃烧是否行得通。我们进行了一次又一次冷流测试和旋转启动测试，只为了摸索如何点燃它。后来 Elon 来到现场，我们在那天晚上把它成功点燃了。
Original English We first started testing Raptor engines the very first 100 ton horizontally because we didn't want to build the infrastructure of a flame trench and the cost of digging down in a flame diverter on something we didn't know was going to work. We had no idea full flow stage combustion was going to work. We did cold flow after cold flow after spin primes just trying to figure out how to light it. And Elon came to town and we lit it that evening.
然后我们从 100 吨级过渡到 V1，然后是 V2，接着又启动了 V3。
Original English And then we went from 100 ton to V1 and then V2 and then started V3.
猛禽发动机是一种全流量分级燃烧发动机。这意味着我们基本上燃烧了所有的推进剂，并在推进剂进入主燃烧室再次燃烧之前，在发动机两侧的涡轮中提取做功。关于猛禽最不可思议的事情之一就是极端的温差。在我们的一些试车视频中，特别是在麦格雷戈（McGregor），那里可以看得非常清楚，你实际上可以看到推力室上的推力状态。这有点违反直觉，因为推力室内部极热，相当于太阳表面温度的一半，但在外部，它实际上是冰冷的。
Original English Raptor is a full flow stage combustion engine. That means that basically we burn all of the propellant and extract work from it in a turbine in each side of the engine before it goes into the main combustion chamber and gets burned again. One of the craziest things about Raptor is just the extreme temperature differences. In some of our test fire videos, especially McGregor, where you can get a really good view, you can actually see thrust on the thrust chamber. And it's a little unintuitive because the thrust chamber is extremely hot, half the surface temperature of the sun on the inside, but on the outside, it's actually ice cold.
这种巨大的温差实际上正是赋予我们巨大性能的关键。我们正在从推进剂中尽可能多地提取能量。T 减 5、4、3、2、1、0。
Original English That huge temperature delta is actually what gives us a lot of performance. We're extracting as much energy out of the propellants as possible. T - 5 4 3 2 1 zero.
我们想要确保我们能够将星舰带离太空。因此我们主要专注于离轨测试。所有设置都经过调试，以确保测试环境与我们在太空中面临的实际条件完全一致，并确保我们在执行离轨点火时发动机能够成功点火。
Original English We want to make sure that we can get Starship out of space. And so we are primarily focused on de-orbit testing. Everything is set so that you are testing the exact conditions that we will have in space and that we successfully light the engine when we do our de-orbit burn.
### 受控离轨点火与使命完成 >> 好的。在 LVN2 上，飞船确定执行提前在夏威夷的应急着陆。距离离轨点火还有 T 减 2 分钟。
Original English >> All right. On LVN2, ship is committed to early Hawaii contingency landing. Tminus 2 minutes till de-orbit burn.
为了这一刻，我们已经准备了非常长的时间。入轨点火是一个非常令人振奋和激动的时刻，因为它成功了，我们进入了轨道。但如果你无法把它带回来，这一切都毫无意义。
Original English We've been building towards this moment for a really long time. And Cirb burn was a very energizing and exciting moment because it worked and we were going to orbit. But none of that mattered if you can't get it back.
>> 最坏的情况是我们一直停留在轨道上。其他航天器在返回和再入时大部分是可以完全烧蚀销毁的，所以它们会在大气层中烧毁。
Original English >> So the worst case scenario is that we'll stay in orbit. Other vehicles are largely demisable when they come back and re-enter. So they'll burn up in the atmosphere.
>> 贮箱电压上升。
Original English >> Tank voltage is rampant.
>> T 减 1。
Original English >> Tminus one.
星舰显然是要作为一种可重复使用的运载工具，并且需要在大气层再入过程中幸存下来。因此，非常重要的一点是，我们绝不能让航天器滞留在轨道上，以免它意外失控再入并坠落到陆地或人口稠密地区。
Original English Starship is obviously meant to be a reusable launch vehicle and is meant to survive atmospheric re-entry. And so it's really important that we do not leave the vehicle on orbit in the event that it randomly re-enters and comes back over land masses or populated areas.
>> 你做了所有这些工作，建立了所有这些应急预案，把一切都准备就绪以确保它能成功。但脑海里总会闪过一个念头：要是失败了怎么办？
Original English >> You do all this work, stand up all these contingencies, you get everything ready so that it does work. There's always a thought of like what if it doesn't?
>> 航天器处于离轨点火启动状态。离轨点火启动。离轨点火关机。名义下降阶段轨迹正常。
Original English >> Vehicle is in de-orbit startup. The orbit burn startup. Door bit burn shutdown. Nominal descent post trajectory.
太棒了。我们要回家了。
Original English yeah. We're coming home.
>> 我们做到了。
Original English >> We did it.
>> SpaceX 整体的发展历程归结起来就是少数几个独特的决策关口。当你把聪明的人召集在一个房间里，利用摆在他们面前的所有信息，在需要孤注一掷的时刻做出明智的风险抉择，这些决策往往就成为了公司的决定性时刻。在这次任务中，它成为了第 14 次飞行的决定性时刻，也将星舰真正变成了一款轨道运载火箭。在回路 2 上，这是飞船返场着陆（RTLS）的演练轮询。如果这是一次实际的返场着陆任务，Go 即表明航天器将继续执行返场着陆。轮询时请提供您的 Go/No-go 状态。襟翼 2。
Original English >> SpaceX as a whole has come down to a handful of unique decision points. When you get your smart people in a room using all the information ahead of them to make educated risk calls where it's go for broke, those calls are kind of the defining moments for the company. And in this case, it became the defining moment for flight 14 and turning Starship into an orbital launch vehicle on 2. This is a rehearsal poll for ship RTLS. Go indicates that the vehicle would continue to return to launch site had this been an RTLS mission. Provide your go. No go status when pulled. Flaps two.
>> Go。
Original English >> Go.
>> 结构组 Go。
Original English >> Structures go.
>> 气动组。
Original English >> Arrow.
>> 气动组 Go。
Original English >> Arrow is go.
>> 谢谢。如果这是一次返场着陆任务，航天器将继续执行返场着陆。
Original English >> Thank you. If this had been an RTS mission, the vehicle would continue to return to launch site.