---
author: TED
date: '2026-04-26'
guest: ''
layout: post.njk
source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CtcY3uofOe8
speaker: TED
tags:
- gender-inequality
- inclusive-design
- workplace-equity
- urban-planning
- care-economy
- systemic-bias
title: 世界并非为女性而建：重新审视工作场所与城市设计
summary: 本讲座深入探讨了世界在物理结构和系统设计上如何长期偏向男性，导致女性在工作场所和城市环境中面临无处不在的挑战。演讲者通过个人经历和案例，揭示了从办公室、交通到城市规划等方方面面未考虑女性需求的问题，并强调了通过价值观驱动的包容性设计，不仅能提升女性福祉，更能释放巨大的经济潜力，推动社会整体进步。
insight: ''
draft: true
series: ''
category: politics-society
area: society-thinking
project: []
people: []
companies_orgs:
- Downtown Denver Partnership
products_models: []
media_books: []
status: evergreen
---
### 世界格局：为男性量身定制的无形系统
你是否曾真正思考过当下的个人体验，比如体感温度、座椅舒适度，乃至身处环境中的安全感？这些看似平常的问题，对于不同性别身份的人而言，却有着截然不同的意义。在大多数情况下，我们不会对男性提出这些问题，因为我们所处的环境及其运行方式几乎都是为男性量身定制的。然而，对于女性来说，这些问题则显得尤为重要，因为我们长久以来被规训去适应各种不适。我们习惯性地接受周围的环境和系统是“正常且自然”的，以至于常常未能意识到它们与我们的不匹配之处，只是默默地去适应或绕过。这种适应的例证随处可见，例如许多女性出门会携带一个足够大的包，里面装着额外的衣物，以应对办公室或公共场所的寒冷。这反映了一个残酷的现实：世界并非为女性而建。
Original English Source
Do you feel comfortable?
(Laughter)
Really think about
your experience right now.
Are you too hot or too cold?
How does your butt feel
sitting in this chair?
Do you feel safe?
These questions might seem a little silly,
but silly for different reasons,
depending on your gender identity.
We don't really ask
these questions of men,
because for the most part,
we don't have to.
Our environments are built for men
and how they experience the world.
For you women,
these questions are different
because we are so conditioned
to accept our own discomfort,
to accept the environments
or systems around us
as normal and natural,
we often fail to realize
when they don't quite fit us,
we just work around it.
How many of you women
are carrying a purse or a bag big enough
to fit an extra sweater
or a down comforter,
in case you get cold sometime today?
(Applause)
The truth is,
the world wasn't built for women.
### 源于历史的系统性偏差：以男性为尺度的设计
从**达·芬奇**（Da Vinci: 意大利文艺复兴时期艺术家、科学家）的《**维特鲁威人**》（Vitruvian Man: 完美人体比例的象征）到20世纪中期的“**模块人**”（The Modular Man: 以男性身体尺寸为基准的设计概念），我们一直以来都习惯于将男性的身体作为衡量“正常”与“适当”的标尺。随后，我们利用这些测量结果来建造我们周围的一切，从椅子到建筑，再到汽车。女性在很大程度上是被忽视、不被测量、不被重视的群体。这意味着，我们环境的基本物理结构以及我们的各种系统，都以或微妙或明显的方式对女性造成了不利影响。这种影响对于有色人种女性、残障女性以及拥有交叉身份的女性而言，更是成倍加剧。仅仅在20年前，我们才开始在**碰撞测试**（Crash Test: 模拟车辆事故以评估安全性能的测试）中纳入女性假人；而直到1991年，女性才被纳入**医学试验**（Medical Trials: 评估新疗法或药物效果的研究）。这就像我们直到最近才恍然大悟：原来女性并非男性。
Original English Source
In fact, in nearly every way,
it's been quite literally built for men.
From Da Vinci's "Vitruvian Man"
to a concept called "The Modular Man"
from the mid-20th century,
we've used men's bodies to measure
what we feel is normal
and appropriate in our world.
And then we've used those measurements
to build everything around us,
from chairs to buildings and cars.
Women are,
for the most part,
not seen,
not measured,
not valued.
And this means the basic
physical structures of our environment
or the structures of our systems,
work against women,
in subtle and not-so-subtle ways.
And this is exponentially true
for women of color,
women with disabilities,
and women with intersectional identities.
It was only 20 years ago
we included female crash test dummies.
It was only 1991
when we included women in medical trials.
It is like we have only
recently realized women aren't men.
(Cheers and applause)
### 从办公室到城市：为女性打造专属空间
几年前，我开始构想如何为女性设计一个理想的办公室和工作场所。我厌倦了在冰冷的办公室里瑟瑟发抖，也对那些妈妈们不得不在洗手间或复印室里吸乳的故事感到沮丧。我受够了因为育儿紧急情况，偶尔需要带孩子去工作几个小时而产生的内疚和尴尬。于是，我开始与女性交流，询问她们在现有空间中的满意和不满意之处。利用这些信息，我勾勒出了一个完美新工作场所的蓝图。
女性告诉我：
* **停车位太窄**：办公室的停车位通常过于狭窄，而带有儿童座椅的汽车既笨重又不灵活。为此，我们设计了宽敞的停车空间，车位足够宽，可以完全打开车门并轻松取出儿童座椅。
* **建筑物入口不便**：进入建筑物有时会让人感到沮丧，因为有些门需要多次尝试并“使出全身力气”才能打开。这并非隐喻，而是因为门的开启力度通常是为男性设计的。我们因此降低了门的开启阻力，使女性更容易使用。
* **工作与育儿的平衡**：妈妈们认为平衡工作和孩子是她们最大的挑战。我们没有假装员工是完全自主的个体，孩子是凭空出现的，而是规划了**现场托儿设施**（On-site Childcare Facilities: 在工作场所内提供儿童照护服务），妈妈们可以使用合作托儿服务或带着孩子在工作时玩耍。
这些设计不仅限于物理空间。研究表明，女性更有可能与朋友一起参加**专业发展活动**（Professional Development Event: 提升职业技能和知识的活动）。因此，我们所有的学习活动都强调**社交性**（Social Learning: 通过互动和协作进行学习）。这些举措都取得了巨大成功，带来了令人欣喜的成果。女性们在企业和行业之间相互支持、协作，分享资源、建议、趣闻和鼓励。我们创建了一个空间，让女性可以毫无顾虑地讨论那个常被评判和批评的“A”字——**抱负**（Ambition: 追求成功的强烈愿望），并从中获得鼓励和策略。
Original English Source
A few years ago,
I started daydreaming
about what it would look like
to build an office space,
a workplace, for women.
I was tired of freezing
in sterile-feeling offices.
I felt defeated by the woeful tales
of moms who had to breast-pump
in bathroom stalls or copy rooms.
I was sick and tired
of feeling guilt or embarrassment
for having to bring my baby
to work with me,
a few hours, every once in a while,
to compensate for some
caregiving emergency or another.
So I started talking to women
and asking them what worked,
what didn't work in their spaces.
And then I used that information
to sketch out the perfect plan
for a new workspace.
Women told me,
office parking spaces are too narrow,
and a car seat with a kid in it
is pretty bulky and inflexible.
So we designed our space
with ample parking
and spots wide enough
to open a car door all the way
and take out a car seat.
Women told us,
simply entering a building
can be frustrating.
Have you ever walked up to a door
and had to try a few times to get it open?
You really had to throw
your weight behind it.
That's because doors
open more easily for men.
Literally, it is not
just a metaphor anymore.
So we reduced the force required
to open our doors,
making it easier for women to use them.
Moms told us juggling work and children
is their most difficult challenge.
So instead of pretending workers
are 100 percent autonomous agents
with no human connection
and children simply drop from the sky
and raise themselves,
we plan for on-site childcare rooms
where moms could use
our partner childcare services
or bring their kids to play
while they worked.
This all wasn't just physical.
From research, we learned
women are most likely to attend
a professional development event
with a friend.
So we made all learning social.
These were all great things,
and the results were glorious.
Women supported one another
and collaborated
across businesses and industries.
They shared resources and recommendations,
anecdotes and pep talks.
We have built a place where women
could unabashedly discuss
that other scarlet letter capital-A word
for which they are so often
judged and criticized:
ambition.
(Laughter)
And find not only
encouragement from others
but strategies.
### 女性价值的经济逻辑与城市规划盲区
我们创建了一个让女性感到受重视，从而能够真正做自己的地方。虽然我相信重视女性本身就是我们为她们建造合适场所的充分理由，但其中也蕴含着重要的**经济论证**（Economic Argument: 从经济效益角度进行论证）。目前，劳动力市场中男性多于女性，女性的劳动参与率甚至停留在30年前的水平，并且这一差距还在不断扩大。建造让女性感到舒适和被重视的工作场所，是解决这一问题的方法之一。如果女性能与男性一样充分参与工作，美国国内生产总值（GDP）将增长5%，即**一万亿美元**（One Trillion Dollars: 一万亿美金）。在全球范围内，我们深知，当女性在经济上更加独立时，她们会更多地投资于家庭和社区。
我前面提到的所有措施都可以在家庭和工作场所中实施。然而，我们还需要放眼更广阔的层面，在更大的尺度上为女性进行设计。我们能否将整个城市设计成服务于女性的模式？这个问题激发了我为**丹佛市中心合作组织**（Downtown Denver Partnership: 一个致力于丹佛市中心发展的组织）所做的工作。我首先了解到的是，女性实际上并不在**城市建设者**（City Builders: 城市规划和建设的决策者）的考虑范围之内。美国94%的城市拥有城市规划，然而其中只有2%的规划提到了女性。如果女性不在雷达范围内，这意味着她们独特的经历也未被考虑。
Original English Source
We built a place where women felt valued
and could therefore be themselves.
And while I believe valuing women
is the only argument we need
for building places that work for them,
there is also an economic argument.
Today, there are more men
than women in the workforce.
In fact, women's workforce participation
is at the same level today
as it was 30 years ago.
And the gap is only getting wider.
Building places of work
where women feel comfortable and valued
is one way to address this.
If women worked at the same levels as men,
the US GDP would increase by five percent.
Or one trillion dollars.
(Applause)
Globally, we know,
when women are more financially secure,
they invest more and more often
in their families and communities.
Everything I've mentioned so far
are things you can do
at home, in your workplaces.
But we need to think bigger too,
and design for women on a larger scale.
Can we design whole cities to serve women?
That's the question that inspired my work
for the Downtown Denver Partnership.
The first thing I learned
is that women aren't really
on the radar of city builders.
Ninety-four percent
of US cities have city plans,
yet only two percent of those plans
include any mention of women.
And if women aren't on the radar,
it means their distinct experiences
aren't on the radar, either.
### 重新定义城市：照护工作的核心价值
**照护工作**（Care Work: 照料家庭成员、家务劳动等无偿劳动）是一个很好的例证。女性每天花在**家务**（Household Chores: 家庭清洁、烹饪等日常劳动）或照护活动上的时间比男性多37%。这并非仅限于照顾孩子。对于老年人的平均照护者是一位49岁的女性，她不仅有全职工作，每周还要额外花费20小时照顾家庭成员。如果这就是女性的现实，我们该如何重新设计城市以更好地服务她们？
大多数市中心是**托儿服务荒漠**（Childcare Deserts: 托儿服务供给严重不足的地区），尽管市中心居住和工作的年轻家庭数量不断增长。生活在大都市区的女性倾向于使用公共交通来完成各种家庭或照护责任。然而，城市的公共交通系统在提到“**家庭友好型**”（Family Friendly: 对家庭和儿童友好的）时，却并非我们通常会联想到的。带着婴儿车乘坐公共交通非常困难，它也无法满足女性在照护工作中频繁短途出行的需求。如果我们真正考虑到女性的经历，仅仅是认识到照护工作在女性生活中的核心地位，就会意味着一个与我们习惯截然不同的城市。
Original English Source
Care work is a useful illustration.
Women spend 37 percent more time
per day on household chores
or caregiving activities than men.
And this doesn't end with children.
The average caregiver for an older adult
is a 49-year-old woman
who works full-time outside the home
and spends an extra 20 hours a week
caring for a family member.
If this is the reality for women,
how can we redesign our cities
to better serve them?
Most city centers are childcare deserts,
despite a growing number of young families
who live and work downtown.
And women who live in metropolitan areas
tend to use public transit
to accomplish a range of household
or caregiving responsibilities.
Yet a city's public transportation system
isn't really what we think of
when we hear the phrase “family friendly.”
Public transit is tough
to navigate with a stroller.
It doesn't facilitate
the short, frequent trips
women tend to take in care work.
If we really thought
about women's experiences,
simply recognizing the centrality
of care work in women's lives
would mean a much different city
than what we're used to.
### 理想城市愿景：以女性需求为核心的便捷生活
想象这样一个场景：一位母亲从家步行很短的距离到达公交车站。她和两岁的孩子与车站的其他家长和孩子们社交，因为那里有其他的家长和孩子们。她乘坐公共交通去上班，到达公司内部由企业赞助的**日托中心**（Daycare Facility: 提供日间儿童照护的机构）。她有机会与办公室的副总裁建立联系，因为他和他的孩子也使用这个日托中心。下午晚些时候，她返回日托中心和孩子一起吃下午点心。这次探望让她精神焕发，然后她回到办公桌前，结束一天的工作，接上孩子，再返回公交车站。她不必担心交通时刻表，因为公交车站是一个**服务枢纽**（Hub of Services: 集中提供多种服务的中心）。她顺道去了免预约诊所接种流感疫苗，还去了银行——这家银行在晚上5点后仍然营业——并开设了一个不会仅仅因为她是女性就对她施加更高利率的**金融账户**（Financial Account: 在金融机构开立的用于存取款、投资等业务的账户）。她与其他家庭一起搭乘公共交通回家，感觉不仅与孩子度过了高质量的时光，还拥有了富有成效和战略性的一天。
我曾梦想这个场景，就像八岁时梦想骑着飞马一样，这感觉同样充满神话色彩和超现实。但它并非必须如此。对我而言，工作场所和城市是富有创造性的机会，去质疑我们世界中被视为“正常”和“自然”的一切。当**职业母亲**（Working Mothers: 兼顾职业发展和育儿责任的母亲）的贡献实实在在地推动着未来经济的成功时，我们为何要让她们如此艰难？我们如何才能以不同的方式行事？又如何能在性别认同和性别规范不断演变的过程中，持续进行迭代？
Original English Source
Imagine this scenario.
A mom walks a short distance
from her home to her transit stop.
She and her two-year-old child
socialize with other parents
and kids at the stop
because there are other
parents and kids at the stop.
She takes the transit to work,
where she goes to the on-site,
corporate-sponsored daycare facility.
She gets a chance to kind of network
with the VP at her office,
because he and his kids
also use the daycare facility.
Later in the afternoon,
she returns to the daycare center
for an afternoon snack with her kid.
Feeling energized by that visit,
she returns to her desk,
finishes up her day, picks up her kid,
heads back to the transit stop.
She doesn't have to worry
about transportation schedules
because the transit stop
is a hub of services.
She swings by the walk-in
healthcare clinic to get her flu shot.
She drops by the bank --
which is open past 5pm, by the way --
and sets up a financial account
that does not penalize her
with higher interest rates
simply for being a woman.
(Applause)
She boards her transit home
along with other families,
feeling like she has had
quality time with her kid,
as well as a productive and strategic day.
I daydream about this scenario
in the same way I used to daydream
about riding a flying pony
when I was eight years old.
(Laughter)
And in some ways, it feels just
as mythical and surreal.
But it doesn't have to.
To me, the workplace, cities,
are inventive opportunities
to question what we see as normal
and natural in our world.
Why do we make it
so difficult on working mothers
when their contributions
quite literally fuel
the future success of our economies?
How can we do things differently?
And how can we continue
to iterate as gender identities
and gender norms evolve?
### 价值女性：构建一个更美好的未来
最后，要实现这些改变需要什么？答案非常简单，有时说出来甚至会觉得有些好笑：**价值女性**（Value Women: 重视女性的价值和贡献）。将女性视为不仅是人类，值得我们考虑，更是为我们集体成功做出巨大贡献的人。认识到女性的经历与男性不同，但这些差异并非**缺陷**（Deficiencies: 不足或缺点）。这可能是一个悲伤的故事，但在许多方面，它也是一个胜利的故事。女性在个人、政治、文化和经济领域都取得了成功，尽管这些系统和环境并非为她们而设计。想象一下，如果我们能让她们的生活变得轻松一些，女性又能做到什么呢？我们可以建造出不再是男性适用模式的衍生物或调整版，而是由**富有启发性的思想**（Inspired Thought: 富有创意和洞察力的想法）和**创造力**（Creativity: 创造新事物或新想法的能力）所产生的场所、城市和系统。我们可以为女性设计，衡量她们的**生活经验**（Lived Experiences: 个人实际经历和感受），并以这些经验为考量进行建设。世界因此会变得更美好。
Original English Source
Finally,
what would it take to make these changes?
The answer is so simple,
it sometimes feels silly to say it aloud.
Value women.
(Applause)
See women as not only human,
and therefore worthy of our consideration,
but as people who make
incredible contributions
to our collective success.
Recognize, women's experiences
are different than men's,
but that those differences
are not deficiencies.
(Cheers and applause)
This could be a sad story.
But in many ways it's one of triumph.
Women succeed in personal,
political, cultural, economic arenas,
all in spite of systems, places,
not designed to serve them.
Imagine what women could do
if we made things a little easier on them.
We can build places, cities, systems,
that are not derivatives of
or adjustments to what works for men
but the product of inspired
thought and creativity.
We can design for women,
measure their lived experiences,
and build with those experiences in mind.
And the world will be better for it.
Thank you.
(Applause and cheers)