重读《奥德赛》:在好莱坞史诗巨作前的女性视角与好客之道 New York Times Podcasts 2026-07-12

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Original English

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[主持人]: 所以,我听到的是,我们将从《纽约时报》得到一份古希腊语的翻译。[笑声] 这是周日的《每日新闻》(The Daily),我们要来读一下它。还有,Natalie,你想和我们一起说“ky”(希腊语问候)吗?

Original English

[Host]: So, what I'm hearing is we're going to get an ancient Greek translation of from the New York Times. [laughter] This is the daily on Sunday, and we're going to read it. And Natalie, do you want to say ky with us?

[Natalie]: 好的。

Original English

[Natalie]: Okay.

[主持人]: 好的,准备。

Original English

[Host]: All right.

[主持人]: 一,二,三。[笑声]

Original English

[Host]: One, two, three. [laughter]

[Natalie]: 我们要再试一次吗?

Original English

[Natalie]: Should we do it again?

[主持人]: 是的。好吧。你刚才说得更多。你刚才说得更像是一个“ket”。所以,我是不是应该拿这个,好的,我会这么做。

Original English

[Host]: Yeah. Okay. You did more. You did more of like a ket. So, should I get Okay, I'm going to do that.

[Natalie]: 好的。我会先说你好,然后你说你的那句词。[笑声]

Original English

[Natalie]: Okay. I will say hello and then you say your line. [laughter]

[主持人]: 好的,没问题。

Original English

[Host]: All right, I will.

[Natalie]: 问候大家。[音乐]

Original English

[Natalie]: Greetings. [music]

主播开场

[Natalie]: 这是这位灰色女士(指《纽约时报》)的每日演说。我是 Natalie Kitroof。[音乐] 来自这座拥有五个区的城市的报道,在赫利俄斯(太阳神)之日。

Original English

[Natalie]: This is the daily speech of the gray lady. I'm Natalie [music] Kitroof. The news from the city of five burrows on the day of Helas, the sun god.

[主持人]: 我刚才试着让自己听起来像个播音员,你知道,我喜欢那样。

Original English

[Host]: I was trying to sound like a news like you know I like that.

[主持人]: 我当时正试着去配合 Natalie 的节奏。[音乐]

Original English

[Host]: I was trying to match Natalie's [music]

[Natalie]: 是的。[笑声]

Original English

[Natalie]: Yes. [laughter]

[Natalie]: [音乐] 克里斯托弗·诺兰的新电影《奥德赛》(The Odyssey)将于本周五在影院上映,这将是一场重大的电影盛事。事实上,它已经成了一件大事。[音乐] 诺兰对荷马这部拥有三万年历史(注:原文口误,应为约三千年)的史诗故事的全新演绎,已经激起了极大的兴奋和热烈的讨论,而且不知怎么的,在上映之前就已经招致了一些抵制。

所以今天,[音乐] 为了让我们大家为这场即将到来的视觉盛宴做好准备,我将与两位曾经创作过广受好评且流传极广的《奥德赛》演绎版本的学者进行对话。一位是 Emily Wilson,她是《奥德赛》的英语译者,也是历史上第一位翻译这部史诗的女性;另一位是 Meline Miller,她是《喀耳刻》(Circe)和《阿基里斯之歌》(The Song of Achilles)这两部灵感源自荷马史诗的畅销小说的作者。

今天是 7 月 12 日,星期日。Emily,Meline,你们好。

Original English

[Natalie]: [music] Christopher Nolan's new movie, The Odyssey, is coming out in theaters this [music] Friday, and it's going to be a big cinematic event. In fact, it already is a big event. [music] Nolan's version of Homer's 30,000-year-old epic tale is generating a ton [music] of excitement, much spirited discussion, and somehow, before it's even been released, backlash. So today, [music] to prepare us all for this upcoming spectacle, I talk with two people who've produced [music] critically acclaimed and widely read interpretations of the Odyssey. Emily Wilson, who translated the Odyssey and is the very first woman to [music] do so, and Maline Miller, author of Cersei and Song of Achilles, two best-selling novels inspired by Homer's poems. It's [music] Sunday, July 12th. Emily, Meline, hello.

[Emily]: 你好。

Original English

[Emily]: Hello.

[Meline]: 你好。

Original English

[Meline]: Hello.

[Natalie]: 我非常高兴能邀请你们两位来到这里。

Original English

[Natalie]: I am so happy to have you both here.

[Emily]: 很高兴来到这里。

Original English

[Emily]: Happy to be here.

[Meline]: 是的,非常高兴。

Original English

[Meline]: Yes, definitely.

[Natalie]: 这可能是我很长一段时间以来做过的最令人兴奋的事情了。这真的让我[笑声]感到热爱我的工作,因为我们可以聚在一起讨论这个。我们把你们两位召集在这里,是为了探讨一个让我着迷已久的话题,那就是《奥德赛》。我们希望能以一种只有你们两位才能做到的方式,帮大家做好迎接这部电影的准备。

但是首先,为了照顾那些可能记不清《奥德赛》剧情的人,我来试着做个简短的剧情回顾。非常非常简短的版本是,这是一个关于一个名叫奥德修斯(Odysseus)的男人的故事,他正努力寻找回家的路。他在特洛伊战争中打了 10 年仗,然后又花了 10 年时间横渡美丽但又非常险恶的地中海,只为了回到他统治的岛国伊萨卡(Ithaca),那里有他的妻子珀涅罗珀(Penelope)和儿子忒勒马科斯(Telemachus)在等待着他。

整个过程非常富有戏剧性,因为有一群求婚者正试图迫使珀涅罗珀背叛奥德修斯并嫁给他们中的一个。而且众所周知,奥德修斯要真正回到伊萨卡是极其困难的。一路上充满了性与谋杀,还有奇幻的生物、复仇的神明、以及帮助他的神明和令人敬畏的神明。整个故事的核心在于,奥德修斯非常聪明且足智多谋,他最终能够回到家乡,并不是因为他是世界上最强壮的男人或者特别擅长打仗,而是因为他在智谋上战胜了敌人。

Emily,我希望我的这番概括在您面前没有显得太业余,在您这位专家面前做这个其实让我有点潜意识里的紧张。[笑声]

Original English

[Natalie]: This is going to be like the most exciting thing I do for a very long time. It is really [laughter] making me love my job that we get to do this together. So, we have you both gathered here in order to talk about something that really fascinates me, has fascinated me for a long time, which is the Odyssey. And we want to prepare people for this movie in a way that I think only the two of you can. But first, for people who may not remember the plot of the Odyssey, I am going to attempt a quick recap. The very very short version is that it's the story of a man, Odysseus, who is trying to get home. He fought in the Trojan War for 10 years and then he spends 10 years working his way across the beautiful but also very scary Mediterranean Sea in order to get to the island of Ithaca which he is the king of and where his wife Penelope and son Telemachus are waiting for him. It is all very dramatic because there are a bunch of suitors trying to get Penelope to betray Odysseus and marry one of them. And it is famously extremely difficult for him to actually get there to get to Ithaca. There is sex and murder along the way. There are fantastical creatures, vengeful gods, helpful gods, awesome gods. The whole point of it is that he is really smart and really resourceful and he gets home eventually, not because he's the strongest dude in the world and really good at war, but because he essentially outsmarts his enemies. Emily, I hope I did an okay job with that. very subconscious doing it in front of you. [laughter]

结缘奥德赛

[Natalie]: 这个故事最初吸引你、让你着迷的地方是什么?

Original English

[Natalie]: What was it about that story that first got you that hooked you?

[Emily]: 回溯到我的童年,我的意思是,和许多人一样,我第一次接触到这个故事的某个版本是我还是个小孩子的时候,当时我在学校的戏剧里扮演雅典娜(Athena)。我觉得这真是一个关于女神的激动人心的故事,里面有这些非常强悍的女神。谁会不喜欢有神明、有巨人、甚至还有可能被生吞活剥的故事呢?那太刺激了。还有那些关于比你更强大的力量可能在暗中操纵你、而你身处这些神秘阴谋之中的问题,你甚至不知道自己身在世界的何处。

这对我来说,非常能引发我童年经历的共鸣。后来当我长大一些后,我开始学习希腊语,荷马史诗的希腊语听起来太美妙了。这从一个全新的维度吸引了我,包括它在每一行、每一段的声效,那种声音、言说以及语言的节奏。同时,我也被这个表面上非常简单的故事背后极其复杂、精妙且富有心理深度的叙事技巧所吸引。它不仅仅是一个儿童冒险故事,它还探讨了关于悲伤、愤怒、失去,以及完全的恢复或回到过去是否可能等深刻的问题。

Original English

[Emily]: So going back to childhood, I mean my first exposure to a version of that story was when as as for many people was when I was a little kid and I got to be in a school play. I got to play Athena. I thought this is such an exciting story about goddesses and I and there were these kickass goddesses. Who doesn't love stories with gods, with giants, with the possibility of being eaten alive? That's exciting. And these questions about whether forces that are more powerful than you might be plotting and you're in the midst of these mysterious plots and you don't know where you are in the world. That to me very much resonates with the experience of childhood. And then once I was older, I got to learn Greek and Homering Greek sounds fantastic. And that also hooked me in a whole new way to how it sounds on the level of the line, the passage, the voice, the speech and the rhythms of the language. And also I was hooked on just how fascinatingly complex this the storytelling techniques of this the ostensibly very simple story are and how psychologically deep and subtle it is. That it's not just a kids adventure story. It also has so much to say about these really deep questions about grief and rage and loss and whether full recovery or going back in time is ever possible.

[Natalie]: 那你呢,Meline?你的《奥德赛》溯源故事是怎样的?你是怎么被吸入这个奇异而美妙的世界的?

Original English

[Natalie]: What about you, Meline? What is your Odyssey origin story? How did you get sucked into this weird amazing world?

[Meline]: 我的母亲是一位英语专业的毕业生和图书馆员,她也非常热爱神话。在我很小的时候,她就开始把《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》的小片段当作睡前故事读给我听。我彻底爱上了它,想要听得越来越多。

特别吸引我的一点,实际上是珀涅罗珀的诡计。那是我小时候最喜欢的《奥德赛》片段之一。因为她的诡计是,求婚者们试图强迫她选择其中一人结婚,而她一直在等待奥德修斯回家。于是她告诉他们:“好吧,等我织完这件寿衣,我就做选择。”然后,她白天织,晚上就跑去把它拆掉。日复一日,她就这么织了又拆,拆了又织。

在许多层面上,这都是一个非常棒的诡计。它不仅非常聪明,而且她知道这些男人完全不知道制作一件寿衣需要多长时间。所以这就像是一个伟大的把戏,非常生动地揭示了当时的性别角色,对吧?

Original English

[Meline]: Well, my mother, who was an English major and a librarian and also loved mythology, started reading me little pieces of the Iliad and the Odyssey as bedtime stories when I was pretty young. and I fell in love with it. I wanted more and more. In particular, the thing that really grabbed me was actually Penelopey's trick. That was one of the pieces of the story that as a kid I remember loving because her trick is that the suitors are trying to kind of force her to choose one of them to marry. She's waiting for Odysseus to come home. And so she tells them, "Okay, I'll choose after I finish weaving this shroud." And then, you know, she weaves it. And then at night, she goes and unravels it. And then she weaves it and unravels it. And it's such a great trick on so many levels. It's so smart, but also she knows that they have no idea how long it takes to weave a shroud. And so it's like a great trick that like really reveals sort of the gender roles of the time as well,

[Emily]: 没错。这些男人[笑声]对织造寿衣的过程一无所知。

Original English

[Emily]: right? These men have absolutely [laughter] no idea what shroud making entails.

[Meline]: 是的。

Original English

[Meline]: Yeah.

[Natalie]: 所以我非常喜欢这一点:这不仅是关于一个非常聪明、足智多谋的男人,也是关于一个在各方面都与他匹敌的非常聪明、足智多谋的女人。

Original English

[Natalie]: So I love that not only is this about a very clever and ingenious man, it's also about a very clever and ingenious woman who's his his match in every way.

诗歌与格律

[Natalie]: 好的,Emily,我想问一下关于翻译《奥德赛》这个项目。因为显然我们将这个故事归功于荷马,但我们知道这是一个口头流传了许多代的故事,由不同的说书人、那些吟游诗人不断提炼和塑造。在某种程度上,荷马做了最初的诠释。而自那以后的现代,已经有了许多英文译本。那么,你为什么决定重新翻译它?你在这里看到了什么之前没有人做过的机会?

Original English

[Natalie]: Okay, Emily, I want to ask about the project of translating the Odyssey because obviously we credit Homer with this story, but we know that this is something that was told over many generations. It was an oral tradition refined and shaped by different tellers, these bards. Homer kind of did the original interpretation in a way. And since then, in the modern era, there have been many translations into English. So, why did you decide to translate it again? And what was the opportunity that you saw here to do something that hadn't been done before?

[Emily]: 我非常感激能花这么多年的时间来翻译《奥德赛》。这真的太有趣了。我所看到的契机,部分在于试图在当代英语中激活原作的一些元素,我觉得这些元素在我尝试给学生们使用的许多译本中并没有被完全激活。

其中一个我觉得没有被充分激活的重要元素就是格律(Meter)。事实上,原作不仅仅是一个故事,它是一首诗,它有节奏,它是为了口头表演而设计的。因此,我觉得我需要使用传统的英语诗歌形式——即莎士比亚和弥尔顿所使用的抑扬五步格(iambic pentameter)——以便为英语听众或读者激活一些东西,让他们感受到荷马史诗对于原作的流畅听众来说听起来是怎样的。

Original English

[Emily]: I felt so grateful to get to spend, you know, these many, many years working on the Odyssey. It was just so fun. The opportunity I saw was partly about trying to activate elements of the original in contemporary English that I felt were not fully activated in the many translations that I tried using with my students. And one of the big elements that I felt wasn't fully activated was the meter. The fact that the original isn't just a story, it's a poem. It has rhythm. It's designed for oral performance. And so it seemed to me that I needed to use traditional poetic form. the the meter of Shakespeare and Milton in order to activate for an English listener or English reader some elements of what did Homer sound like to a fluent listener of the original.

[Natalie]: 澄清一下,当你在谈论格律时,你的译本是用抑扬五步格写成的,而且听起来你认为这种节奏和步伐对原作至关重要,而在其他译本中并没有体现出来。我只是觉得你做到了这一点简直不可思议。这听起来太难了。你还保持了与荷马原作完全相同的行数。这听起来非常非常困难,极其艰难。你花的时间有奥德修斯回家的时间那么长吗?[笑声]

Original English

[Natalie]: Just to be clear when you're talking about the meter, what you did with this is write it in amic pentameter and it sounds like you're saying that that rhythm, that pace was crucial to the original text and you didn't read it represented in these other translations. And I just it's so bananas that you did that. It sounds so hard. You also kept it the same number of lines as the original Homer. It just sounds very very difficult. like extremely hard. Did it take you as long as Odysseus to like get that? [laughter]

[Emily]: 我完全可以轻而易举地花上 20 年。如果出版商说“给你 20 年时间”,我会用掉每一秒钟。[笑声] 是的,绝对会。

原作采用的格律是古希腊叙事史诗的传统格律,即扬抑抑六步格(dactylic hexameter)。

Original English

[Emily]: I could easily have used 20 years. If the if the publisher said, "Let me have 20 years," I would have used every second of it. [laughter] Yes, absolutely. Um, so the original is composed in the meter that was common traditional for epic verse in archaic Greece, which is dactilic hexameter.

[Natalie]: 顺便说一句,这个词读起来可不太顺口。

Original English

[Natalie]: Doesn't exactly roll off the tongue, by the way.

[Emily]: 而且这种节奏贯穿了整部作品。所以它有这种传统的格律。我并不是第一个在英语中使用五步格的译者,但在现代,这样做的人非常罕见。早期的译者,比如近现代早期的译者,他们认为格律翻译是理所当然的。而在现代,人们普遍假设现代读者无法忍受节奏,我认为这是错误的。我认为现代读者完全可以接受节奏,事实上,他们很喜欢节奏。

Original English

[Emily]: and it has that rhythm all the way through. So it has this traditional meter. I'm not the first translator to use pentameter in English, but I'm very rare in doing that in the in the in the modern era. It's something that earlier translators, early modern translators assumed that of course meter needs to be translated into meter. Whereas in the modern era, there's been this assumption that modern readers can't tolerate rhythm, which I think is false. I think modern readers can totally tolerate rhythm and in fact love it.

[Natalie]: 您能读一小段您的译文,让我们感受一下那种节奏吗?

Original English

[Natalie]: Can you just read a little from your translation to give us a sense of that?

[Emily]: 当然可以。我可以读一下奥德修斯和他的部下必须穿过两条可怕女神之间狭窄海峡的那一幕。其中一个是卡律布狄斯(Charybdis),一个扬言要吞没他们整艘船的巨型漩涡;另一个是斯库拉(Scylla),一个拥有六个头的海妖,任何经过的船只,根据偏向哪一侧,都会被她吞吃掉六个船员。

“于是我们含泪驶过那狭窄的海峡, 一侧是斯库拉,另一侧是卡律布狄斯。 她那可怕的咕噜声吸入海水, 当她喷涌而出,如同烈火上的沸腾大釜, 泡沫飞溅,直拍两侧最高的岩石。 但当她将海水吞回, 腹中翻江倒海,四周岩石轰鸣, 深蓝的泥沙清晰可见。 部下们都被恐惧攫住了心神。”

Original English

[Emily]: Sure. So I can read from the episode in which Adysius and his men have to pass through the street between two terrible goddesses. One of whom is a whirlpool who threatens to swallow their whole ship. And the other is a six do-headed deity who will eat up six of the men from every ship that passes by depending on which which side the ship veers towards. So we rode through the narrow straight in tears. on one side on the other shining caribdis with a dreadful gurgling noise sucked down the water. When she spewed it out, she seethed all churning like a boiling cauldron on a huge fire. The froth flew high to spatter the topmost rocks on either side. But when she swallowed back the sea, she seemed all stirred from inside, and the rock around was roaring dreadfully, and the dark blue sand below was visible. The men were seized by fear.

[Natalie]: 太棒了。我真的在心里感受到了那种震撼。Meline,我敢说你听了这段也一定感同身受。我想知道,当你第一次读到 Emily 的这个译本时,你有什么想法?它给你的感觉有什么不同吗?

Original English

[Natalie]: That is amazing. I truly felt it in my heart. Meline, I assume you did, too, listening to that. I'm wondering what you thought when you first read this translation by Emily. Did it feel different to you?

塞壬与海妖

[Meline]: 绝对不同。我的意思是,我太爱它了。我真正意识到这是一段非凡文本的时刻,正是关于卡律布狄斯和斯库拉的描写。我记得当时在读的时候,甚至在想:“他能成功通过吗?”[笑声] 你知道,尽管我已经花了几年、甚至几十年的生命来研究这首诗,我很清楚他成功了,[笑声]

Original English

[Meline]: Absolutely. I mean, I loved it. The moment that I really knew what an extraordinary piece of text this was is Kuribdus and Skila, and I remember being like, is he going to make it? And [laughter] you know, here's like I've spent years, decades of my life studying this poem. I know he makes it, [laughter]

[Meline]: 但是,你知道,我仍然完全沉浸在那个场景中,这正是因为 Emily Wilson 对文本的处理,以及她对故事刺激感的呈现,让我感觉像是用全新的眼光重新审视了它。所以,这真是一份珍贵的礼物,我非常喜欢。我有同样的感受。

Original English

[Meline]: but you know, I was so in the scene because of what Emily Wilson had done with with the text and with the excitement of the story that I, you know, I felt like I saw it again with new eyes. So, that is such a gift and I I love that. I feel the same way.

喀耳刻翻案

[Natalie]: Meline,我们来谈谈你的作品。你从一位古典学教师转型为小说家。她写了许多优秀的著作和短篇故事,包括我个人最喜欢的《喀耳刻》。这部小说是关于奥德修斯在回家途中遇到的其中一位女神。她是巫术女神。再次在这里做一个快速的回顾,请原谅我。基本上,她把奥德修斯的所有部下都变成了猪。奥德修斯作为她的情人与她共度了一年,最终一切都得到了解决,奥德修斯继续前行。

总的来说,喀耳刻在《奥德赛》中是一个相对次要的角色,但显然,你对她的感受非常强烈,以至于以她为主角写了一整本书。这是为什么?是什么吸引了你?

Original English

[Natalie]: Meline, let's talk about your work. You are a classics teacher turned novelist. She's written a number of brilliant books and short stories, including Cersei, my personal favorite, which is about one of the goddesses that Odysius encounters on his way home. She is the goddess of sorcery. And again, quick recap here, forgive me. Basically, she turns all of his men into pigs. He spends a year with her as her lover, and eventually everything gets resolved, and Odysius moves on. Overall, Cersei is a relatively minor character in the Odyssey, but clearly she's someone that you felt strongly enough about to base an entire book on. Why is that? Like, what was it about her that you were so drawn to?

[Meline]: 是的。非常有趣的一点是,后世版本的喀耳刻往往朝着非常负面的方向发展。他们把她看作是一个“厌男者”、一个致命女人(femme fatale),就像是织网蜘蛛的中心。但是如果你真正回到《奥德赛》中,是的,她确实把奥德修斯的部下变成了猪。但在她和奥德修斯达成谅解之后,她邀请他们想在她的岛上呆多久就呆多久。她帮助他们从所经历的创伤中恢复过来。她为他们提供了一个和平的港湾和避难所。当他们决定离开时,她完全没有阻拦他们。她说:

Original English

[Meline]: Yes. So, one of the things that is so interesting is sort of the later versions of Cersei have really tended in a very negative direction. They've seen her as sort of the manhater and the fem fatal and, you know, the spider at the center of her web. But in the Odyssey, if you actually go back to the Odyssey, yes, she does turn Odicius's men into pigs. But she also after she and Odysius come to an understanding, invites them to stay on her island as long as they need to stay. She, you know, helps them recover from the trauma that they've been going through. She offers them a place of peace and a haven. And then when they do decide to go, she doesn't hold them at all. She says,

[Meline]: “是的,如果你必须走,那就走吧。”甚至在他们离开之前,她还给他们指明了回家的方向。她告诉他们必须去冥界,还教他们如何去那里。当他们从冥界回来时,她又给他们送来了食物,并警告他们关于塞壬、斯库拉和卡律布狄斯的危险。她其实是这部史诗中奥德修斯回家的最大助力。

但与此同时,故事中对她的描述充满了矛盾。她被形容为“用人类的语言说话”。这太奇怪了,对吧?她是一个神明,但她却用人类的语言说话。这让我开始思考:她被众神排斥,又因为她的力量而被人类恐惧。她是唯一一个用人类语言说话的神,这说明了她的某种孤独和渴望与人类联系的特质。

这就是为什么我被她吸引的原因。

Original English

[Meline]: "Yes, if you must go, go." and even before they leave, she maps out their journey for them. She tells them they have to go to the underworld, tells them how to get there. When they come back from the underworld, she brings them food and warns them about the Sirens, Scylla, and Charybdis. She is really the primary helper for Odysseus getting home. But at the same time, the description of her is full of paradox. She is described as speaking with human voice. That's so weird, right? She is a god, but she speaks with a human voice. This got me thinking about her isolation, rejected by the gods, feared by humans for her power, and yet the only god who speaks with a human voice, suggesting a kind of loneliness and desire for connection. That's why I was drawn to her.

[Natalie]: 这是一个非常有意思的视角。这让我想到了一个其实是针对你们两位的问题。但是 Emily,我想先问你。当你开始翻译的时候,你有没有特别注意去重新审视这些女性角色?因为在过去的一些译本中,她们被描绘得非常刻板,或者是被男性译者的视角所局限。

Original English

[Natalie]: Okay, this is making me think of a question that is actually for both of you. But Emily, I want to ask you first. When you set about doing this translation, did you pay special attention to re-evaluating these female characters? Because in some past translations, they were depicted in very stereotypical ways, or limited by the perspective of male translators.

[Emily]: 是的。

Original English

[Emily]: Yeah.

[Emily]: 我的意思是,我确实觉得——正如我已经说过的——诗歌的格律对我来说是必不可少的,而原作中的多重声音同样至关重要。而且,我非常关注那些过去常被标签化的女性角色。例如,那些被奴役的女性,在过去的译本中常被直接翻译为“妓女”(whores)或“荡妇”(sluts),而在荷马的古希腊语原文中,她们只是被称作“婢女”或“女孩”(dmoiai)。这种贬义词的加入完全是后世译者的道德投射。

我希望在我的翻译中,能够还原古希腊语原文的真实状态,而不是带着维多利亚时代或现代的道德眼镜去审判她们。比如对珀涅罗珀的呈现,她不仅是一个忠贞的等待者,她也有她复杂的心理斗争,她的怀疑、她的坚韧,这些都是不应该被掩盖的。

Original English

[Emily]: Um I mean I felt that as I already said the meter of the of the poem seemed essential to me and also the multivocality seemed essential to me. Um, then the way female characters have been labeled in the past. For instance, the enslaved women, who in past translations were often called "whores" or "sluts", whereas in Homer's Greek they are just referred to as "maids" or "girls" (dmoiai). The introduction of these derogatory terms is entirely the moral projection of later translators. I wanted my translation to restore the reality of the Greek text without the moralizing lens of Victorian or modern translators. Like the presentation of Penelope, she is not just a loyal waiting woman, she has complex psychological struggles, her skepticism, her resilience, which should not be obscured.

[Meline]: 我同意 Emily 的看法。对女性角色的重塑并不是在“篡改”原作,而是试图看清原作中本就存在的东西,剥离掉那些后世累积的性别偏见。例如在《喀耳刻》中,我所做的一切,都是基于荷马史诗提供的线索。

这其实是一个关于文学创作的真实度的问题。

Original English

[Meline]: I agree with Emily. Reimagining female characters is not "tampering" with the original, but trying to see what was already there, stripping away the accumulated gender bias of later eras. For instance in Circe, everything I did was based on clues provided by Homer. This is really about the truth of literary creation.

[Emily]: 没错。就是看作者的视角有多么真实和丰满。我个人喜欢贴近文本的写作,但也喜欢去挑战它、与它争论。

Original English

[Emily]: is how true and sort of fully fleshed the vision that the writer has is. I love writing close to the text personally, but I also like overturning it and arguing with it.

[Natalie]: Meline,对于你来说,“用人类的语言说话”意味着什么?

Original English

[Natalie]: What what what did it mean for you to speak like a human?

[Meline]: 嗯,对于我来说,我开始思考首先什么是像神一样说话。在古代的故事中,当神对人类说话时,他们往往声音宏大、充满威严,或者带有某种超凡脱俗的冷漠。而人类的语言则是充满情感的、有局限的、会颤抖的,它带有对死亡的认知和对连接的渴望。喀耳刻虽然是个神,但她的声音却和人类一样,这意味着她能感受到人类的痛苦,她能够与奥德修斯对话,不仅是作为一个高高在上的神,而是作为一个能够理解凡人处境的存在。

Original English

[Meline]: Well, for me, I started thinking about first what it meant to speak like a god, which is that in the ancient stories when gods speak to humans, often times their voices are booming, full of authority, or carry a sort of otherworldly detachment. And human speech is emotional, limited, trembling, carrying the awareness of mortality and the desire for connection. Circe, though a god, has a voice like a human, which means she can feel human pain, she can talk with Odysseus not just as a superior god, but as someone who understands the mortal condition.

[主持人]: 是的,[笑声] 我得把那个拿掉。

Original English

[Host]: Yes, [laughter] I got to get rid of that.

[Natalie]: 我想知道你们如何应对那些善意的批评,他们认为你们在荷马史诗的文字和意义上走得太远了?

Original English

[Natalie]: I wonder how you engage with people who in good faith say and feel that you stray too far from the words and the meaning of the text in home.

[Emily]: 坦白说,我不同意那些认为这些“厌女网络喷子”或各种各样的批评者是真的痴迷于《奥德赛》的看法。

Original English

[Emily]: I mean, honestly, I would dispute the idea that these that the misogynistic trolls or the trolls of various kinds are actually obsessed with the Odyssey.

[Emily]: 事情从来不是那样的,对吧?这完全只是一种网络行为艺术,关乎现代人关于男性气概、伟大程度的观念,而实际上他们对古希腊语原文一无所知。

Original English

[Emily]: That's all that's never what happens, right? It's all just online performativity, about modern notions about masculinity and greatness and and actually what

[Natalie]: 好的。如果我们抛开那些偏执狂,那么对于那些确实读过文本、确实关心它并提出质疑的人,你们会怎么说?

Original English

[Natalie]: Okay. If we set aside the not obsessives, what about the people like what do you say to the people who do read the text, who do care about it and take issue?

[Emily]: 我认为这种想法挺奇怪的,即便是那些不那么偏激的人。我认为,认为一本书或一个译本会抹杀或替代之前的译本,这是非常奇怪的。

Original English

[Emily]: I think it's quite odd even I mean even with the less truly kind of people I think it's quite odd to think that one book or what one translation erases the other.

[Emily]: 在某种程度上,这就像是,你知道的,希望世界上只有一部《李尔王》的舞台剧版本,永远如此。没有其他的制作,没有其他的新想法,这难道不荒谬吗?

Original English

[Emily]: In a way, it's it's like, you know, wanting there to be only one production of King Lear ever and that's it. No other productions, no other ideas, you know

[Meline]: 这非常好,是的。没必要为此感到愤怒。[笑声] 这很好。我为你们能有这样的体验感到高兴。所以从外部来看,我认为这非常棒。

Original English

[Meline]: which is great. Yes. No need to get angry about it. [laughter] It's fine. Glad I'm happy for you that you had that. So from the outside, I think something

[Emily]: 是的。而且我认为阅读这些作品是令人难以置信地兴奋的,我总是觉得当我在阅读一部古老的文本并从中看到一部分自己的时候,那是一个神奇的时刻。

Original English

[Emily]: Yes. And I I think it's incredibly exciting to read and I I always find it a magical moment when I read an ancient text and I see a piece of of myself there.

中场插播

[Chris Wood]: 嗨,大家好,我是 Chris Wood,《每日新闻》的音频[音乐]工程师。这意味着我对节目进行最后的润色,让一切听起来更动听一些。

Original English

[Chris Wood]: Hi there, I'm Chris Wood, audio [music] engineer on the daily. That means that I put the finishing touches on the show, make everything sound a little bit

[Chris Wood]: [音乐] 《每日新闻》之所以能够呈现,是因为它凝聚了世界各地人们的努力,这[音乐]包括了《纽约时报》的全体记者,他们付出了极大的心血。

Original English

[Chris Wood]: [music] The Daily is only possible because it involves people all over the world and that [music] includes the whole fleet of New York Times journalists who give

英雄的阴暗

[Natalie]: Meline,我们来谈谈奥德修斯这个角色复杂的双重性。你知道,他是房间里最聪明的人,但同时他也是最无情的。他是残忍的、杀戮的,又是一个阴谋家。

在你的小说《喀耳刻》中,你对奥德修斯的描绘确实倾向于他是一个狡猾、阴险的家伙。他在那部小说里看起来像是一个相当危险、不可信的人。

Original English

[Natalie]: Maline, what about the complexity of his duality? You know, he's the smartest guy in the room, but he's also the most ruthless. He's murderous and he's a conspirator. You know, your depiction of Odicius in this story and Cersei really leans into the idea that he's a shifty, shady guy. He comes across in that novel as a pretty dangerous and untrustworthy person.

[Meline]: 我认为他非常复杂。而且我认为,《奥德赛》只是对他的某一种维度的呈现,这毕竟是他的史诗。所以他得以占据舞台的中心,呈现出英雄的光彩。但如果我们从其他人的角度来看他,比如被他欺骗的人,或者像喀耳刻这样独立于他的神明,他的那些特质——无情、满嘴谎言、极端的自私——就会变得非常扎眼。他是一个能在你面前编造一整套谎言,而眼睛都不眨一下的人。

Original English

[Meline]: I think he's very complicated. And I I think that, you know, the Odyssey is just one view of him and it's sort of his epic. So he gets to take centerstage, showing his heroic side. But if we look at him from other people's perspectives, like those he deceived, or gods like Circe who are independent of him, those qualities of his - ruthlessness, being full of lies, extreme selfishness - become very striking. He's a guy who can spin a whole web of lies right to your face without blinking.

[Natalie]: 然后你会觉得:“我们都知道你在胡扯什么。”[笑声]

Original English

[Natalie]: And you're like, "We know what you're talking [laughter] about."

[Meline]: 没错。所以,你也是在和他对话,对吧?因为他是当着别人的面撒这些谎。

Original English

[Meline]: Right. So, you're talking too as well, right? Because he's saying it right to his face.

[Emily]: 确实如此。他就是那种人。[笑声]

Original English

[Emily]: Exactly. That kind of guy, [laughter]

[Meline]: 对吧?[吸气] 所以我非常喜欢那种张力。如果你是个狡猾的人,在一些极其艰难的境地里,确实能帮你脱困。

Original English

[Meline]: right? [gasps] And so I love I love that tension where you know it can be really you can be get out of some really tough situations if you're a a you know

[Emily]: 但是这些古代的英雄没有一个是现代意义上的“好人”。这不是成为英雄的核心。

Original English

[Emily]: But none of the heroes are good people. That's not the point of hero. Right.

[Meline]: 确实如此。完全不同。是的。古代的英雄概念和现代的概念有着巨大的差异。

Original English

[Meline]: Absolutely. Absolutely. Yes. The ancient idea of hero and modern idea are very different.

[Emily]: 差异极大。[笑声] 是的。但在写作中,他是一个非常有乐趣的角色。我得以从两个方向去写他。我既能从宏大的英雄史诗视角去呈现他,也能从审视他阴暗面的角度去写。

Original English

[Emily]: Very different. [laughter] Yes. But he's so much fun to write as as a character. And I got to write him both ways. I got to write him from the perspective

[Meline]: 那超级[笑声]有趣。是的。

Original English

[Meline]: Super [laughter] fun. Yes.

[Emily]: 是的。

Original English

[Emily]: Yes.

珀涅罗珀

[Natalie]: 好的。现在我想把话题转到他的妻子珀涅罗珀身上。[哼声] 在即将上映的电影中,她将由安妮·海瑟薇(Anne Hathaway)饰演。Meline,你曾说过珀涅罗珀实际上……

Original English

[Natalie]: Okay. So now I want to move on to his wife Penelope [snorts] who's going to be played by Anne Hathaway in the movie. Maline, you've said that Penelope is

[Meline]: 我的意思是,我甚至会说她可能超越了奥德修斯。她是那个设定了最终测试的人。我不知道,在这里剧透可以吗?

Original English

[Meline]: I mean, I would even say maybe she surp She's the one who puts sets the final test. I don't Is it okay to do spoilers? I don't know.

[Natalie]: 你可以剧透。[笑声] 我们允许对拥有 3000 年历史的文本进行剧透。

Original English

[Natalie]: You can do spoilers. [laughter] We're allowing spoilers for texts that are 3,000 years old.

[Meline]: 好的,太棒了。所以在最末尾,当她试图额外确保这真的是奥德修斯、而不是某个骗子时,有这样一个不可思议的时刻。

Original English

[Meline]: Okay, great. Awesome. So uh at the very end she as she is sort of making extra sure that this is really Odysius and she's not getting conned there's this

[Meline]: 这是一个极其精彩的瞬间。即使在有了所有这些证据和迹象之后,她依然保持警惕,她就像他一样聪明,甚至更深谋远虑。

Original English

[Meline]: it's this incredible moment where even then, even though there's been all this proof and all these moments that she still is, you know, she's like him. She

[Natalie]: 谈谈这个吧,Emily。

Original English

[Natalie]: Talk about that, Emily.

[Emily]: 是的。我的意思是,我认为 Meline 说得非常对。不过,我们确实能对珀涅罗珀的内心感受有很深的洞察。例如,在第 19 卷中,她向装扮成乞丐的奥德修斯讲述了她做的一个梦:一只鹰飞来杀死了她心爱的 20 只鹅。这个梦显然预示着奥德修斯将回来杀死那些求婚者。但令人费解的是,她醒来后却在为那些鹅的死而哭泣。这暗示了她复杂的心理:也许在某种程度上,那些求婚者的陪伴和关注,也是她对抗孤独的一种方式。

当奥德修斯说“这个梦很容易理解,奥德修斯很快就会回来”时,她在她那段著名的关于“象牙门与牛角门”的演说中回答道,梦是不可信的,它们并不总是成真。这展现了她极深的怀疑精神和智力上的自主性。

Original English

[Emily]: Yeah. So, I mean, I think Meline's absolutely right, though, I think we do get some insight into what does it feel like to be Penelopey. For instance, in book 19 she tells this stranger, who is Odysseus in disguise, about her dream where an eagle comes and kills her twenty geese. The dream clearly suggests that Odysseus is going to return and kill the suitors. But what's not explained is why is she crying inside the dream for the geese. This hints at her complex psychology: maybe in some way, the presence of the suitors was a way to stave off her loneliness. And when Odysseus says it's easy to understand this dream, Odysseus is going to come back soon. [snorts] She says in that famous second speech, the gates of dreams are two: one of ivory, and one of horn. The horn dreams are true, but ivory ones are false. This shows her deep skepticism and intellectual autonomy.

[Meline]: 这也是我在小说创作中觉得非常有趣的部分。小说能够深入到人物的内心世界,而珀涅罗珀也在我的小说《喀耳刻》中出场了。能让我去探索她的内心,去展现她不仅仅是一个家庭里的花瓶,而是有她自己的智慧和力量,这太棒了。

Original English

[Meline]: And that was part of what I it was really fun to get to do. And this is, you know, what a novel can do because Penelopey shows up in my novel. to get to have her inner life, to show she's not just a domestic ornament, but has her own wisdom and strength.

忒勒马科斯

[Natalie]: 嗯。好的,让我们来对他们的儿子忒勒马科斯做一个快速的科普。我必须承认,他在这部书里并不是我最喜欢的角色。在即将上映的电影中,他将由汤姆·赫兰德(Tom Holland)饰演。

Original English

[Natalie]: Mhm. Okay, let's do a quicker 101 on their son, Tmicus. I have to confess, he is not my favorite character in this book. He's played by Tom Holland in the movie.

[Emily]: 我和 Natalie 以前也很难与忒勒马科斯产生共鸣。[笑声] 在诗歌的前四卷中,大部分都在描述他有多么无能和不知所措。

Original English

[Emily]: I also Natalie struggled to connect with Tmicus. [laughter] Um in in the poem the first the first four books are devoted to showing how helpless and overwhelmed he is.

[Natalie]: 我原本还担心只有我一个人是这么想的。

Original English

[Natalie]: I was worried I was alone and

[Emily]: 你绝对不是一个人,在学生中经常能看到这种反应。是的。

Original English

[Emily]: you're definitely see that in students all the time. Yes.

[Emily]: 但我认为,帮助我与他建立联系的有两件事。其中之一是带入我作为母亲的视角。当你的父亲是一个像奥德修斯那样的神话巨人的时候,你该如何成长为一个男人?前四卷实际上花了很多篇幅去描绘这有多么困难。

Original English

[Emily]: Yes. And I think you know now now I have but I think that what what helped me connect with him was was sort of two things. One of which is me bringing my perspective as a mother. How do you grow up to be a man when your father is this mythic giant of Odysseus? The first four books are really devoted to how difficult his experience is.

[Emily]: 他是一个独生子,对吧?

Original English

[Emily]: He's an only child, right?

[Meline]: 是的,他是个独生子。作为一个既没有兄弟也没有父亲陪伴的孩子,他所面对的只有那些整天欺负他的母亲的求婚者。他没有任何男性榜样,直到雅典娜化身为导师来指引他。这其实是一个关于在缺乏父爱的阴影下艰难成长的非常动人的故事。

Original English

[Meline]: He's an only child. And as somebody with both no brothers and no father, all he has is the suitors of his mom who are bullying him all the time. He has no male role models until Athena comes disguised as Mentor. It is actually a very touching story about growing up in the shadow of an absent father.

众神之争

[Natalie]: 好的。让我们对雅典娜和我们需要了解的其他神明进行一轮闪电式的科普。关于由赞达亚(Zendaya)饰演的雅典娜,我们需要知道些什么?

Original English

[Natalie]: Right. Right. Okay, let's do a lightning round on Athena and other gods that we need to know about. What do we need to know about Athena played by Zenia (Zendaya) in this movie?

[Emily]: 雅典娜是智慧、战争和手艺的女神。而且她当然是死心塌地地支持希腊人、反对特洛伊人的。她一路都在希腊人这边。所以,这是她最喜欢的英雄(奥德修斯)的回家之旅,她会不遗余力地帮助他。

Original English

[Emily]: right? And of course, diehard, you know, pro-Greek anti-Trojan. She's been on the Greek side the whole way. And so, this is, you know, her favorite coming home journey.

[Emily]: 另一个我们必须提及的神明是波塞冬(Poseidon)。在《奥德赛》中,基本上是雅典娜对抗波塞冬的格局。这是建造船只的智慧女神与代表狂暴海洋、试图摧毁船只的海洋之神的对决。奥德修斯刺瞎了波塞冬的独眼巨人儿子波吕斐摩斯(Polyphemus),因此波塞冬诅咒了奥德修斯,誓要阻挠他回家。

Original English

[Emily]: Another god that we should cite is Poseidon, who's in the Odyssey, it's it's Athena versus Poseidon. It's the the goddess who builds ships versus the god of the wild sea who wants to destroy ships. Odysseus blinded Poseidon's cyclops son Polyphemus, so Poseidon cursed him to prevent him from getting home.

[Natalie]: 而那个诅咒正是导致奥德修斯一路上遭遇种种可怕磨难的主要原因。

Original English

[Natalie]: And that curse is a big part of why everything is so terrible for him all the time.

[Emily]: 确实如此。[音乐] 好的,说到这里,让我们先进一段简短的广告。当我们回来的时候,我们将探讨你们两位对这部电影的具体感受。我们待会见。

Original English

[Emily]: Exactly. [music] All right, with that, let's take a quick break and when we come back, we're going to talk about how you both feel about this movie. We'll be right back.

好莱坞改编

[Natalie]: 好的,这部电影本周五就要上映了,这意味着你们两位很快就能看到这部你们珍藏了这么久的经典文本,获得它有史以来最大银幕的呈现。你们现在感觉如何?是感到兴奋还是有点担忧?

Original English

[Natalie]: So, this movie comes out Friday, meaning you both will very soon be able to see this text that you have treasured for so long, get probably its biggest theatrical treatment yet. How are you feeling? Are you excited, anxious?

[Emily]: 我非常激动。我认为这会非常令人兴奋。这意味着许多以前可能觉得“哦,古代文学很枯燥”的人,现在会通过诺兰的电影去接触它,这会让经典焕发新生。

Original English

[Emily]: I'm pumped. I think it's going to be exciting. I mean, it's going to be exciting that so many people who may have thought, oh, ancient literature is boring, will now engage with it through Nolan's movie. It will bring it to life.

[Meline]: 没错。作为一个老师,我非常喜欢人们去热烈辩论奥德修斯是否应该以某种方式行事,或者他是不是一个好人。

Original English

[Meline]: Right. You know, as a teacher, I love the idea that people are going to be hotly debating whether or not, you know, Odysius should have been this way or that way, or if he's a good guy.

[Natalie]: 我想对这里的专家做一个民意调查。你们对目前已知的电影选角有什么看法?比如,你们肯定会对奥德修斯的扮演者(注:传闻为蒂莫西·柴勒梅德或基里安·墨菲)有自己的看法。

Original English

[Natalie]: I want to do a quick poll from the experts here. How did you guys feel about the casting that we know about in this movie? Like, you have to have had some thoughts about who's playing Odysseus.

[Emily]: 我的意思是,我不认为他是克里斯托弗·诺兰的第一人选,他也不会是我的第一人选,但[笑声] 我觉得他会表现得很出色。如果他能展现出那种角色的复杂性。

Original English

[Emily]: I mean, I don't think he was Christopher Nolan's first pick. He wouldn't have been my first pick, but [laughter] I I think he'll do a great job. He if he can bring out that complexity of the character.

[Natalie]: 确实如此。那 Meline,你对其他的选角怎么看?

Original English

[Natalie]: There you go. And Meline, what do you think of the other castings?

[Meline]: 我只是很兴奋。我的意思是,这些被召集在一起的都是极其优秀的演员。所以,我很期待看到他们会如何呈现这些角色。

Original English

[Meline]: I'm just excited. I mean, these are all incredibly talented actors that that have been gathered here. So, I just, you know, I'm excited to see what they do.

[Natalie]: 好的。在大家对这部电影充满期待的同时,其实也已经出现了一些批评的声音,包括针对选角和服装设计的争议。

Original English

[Natalie]: Okay. Amidst all the anticipation of this movie, there has also been some criticism already of the casting choices that's already happened. The costumes, the controversy.

[Emily]: 从古希腊时期开始,也就是当这些诗歌诞生的时候,它们实际上就是由多个不同的口头版本汇聚而成的,不断被重新演绎和改编。

Original English

[Emily]: And starting with the ancients, I mean there were as soon as these poems existed, they really coalesced from multiple different versions likely or different retellings.

[Meline]: 是的,人们一直在对它们做出反应。

Original English

[Meline]: Yes, people reacting to them. Right.

[Emily]: 绝对如此。甚至是对它们进行讽刺,对吧?把它们变得滑稽可笑。

Original English

[Emily]: Absolutely. And lampooning them, right? And making them ridiculous.

[Meline]: 在这首诗里,神明们的形象其实挺糟糕的。我们也许不应该表演[笑声]那部分。

Original English

[Meline]: The gods look look bad in this poem. We shouldn't be performing [laughter] that one.

[Natalie]: 也许,这些现代的批评者其实也是漫长改编传统中的一部分。

Original English

[Natalie]: Maybe maybe the critics are also part of a long lineage.

[Emily]: 也许他们确实是这个漫长传统的一部分。确实如此。

Original English

[Emily]: Maybe they're part of a long lineage. Exactly.

[Meline]: 当然。重述和改编的传统,核心就在于你试图让这个故事在新的时代以新的方式独立存在。所以,关键问题并不是它在某一方面是否绝对“忠实”于原作,而是它作为一个整体是否能够打动你,它是否具有某种现代的意义。

Original English

[Meline]: Of course. Of course. Part of the tradition of retelling and adaptation is that you are trying to make the story stand on its own in a new way. And so, you know, the question is not is it faithful in X way and Y way. It's that does it does it sit as a whole and move you? You know, does it does it mean something?

[Natalie]: 好的。我想在这里问一个敏感的问题。作为两位对原著如此了解的人,你们对这个好莱坞版本的《奥德赛》有什么担忧吗?有没有什么你们担心无法被捕捉到的微妙之处?你们会担心诺兰把它搞砸吗?

Original English

[Natalie]: Okay. I want to ask a sensitive question here. Do you two have any worries about this Hollywood version of the story as two people who know it so well? Are there nuances you feel worried may not be captured? Are you kind of anxious that Nolan might mess it up?

[Emily]: 额,你伤害不了荷马。

Original English

[Emily]: Uh, you can't hurt Homer.

[Meline]: 你伤害不了他。[笑声] 确实如此。是的。

Original English

[Meline]: You can't hurt. [laughter] Totally. Yes.

[Emily]: 荷马是刀枪不入的。是的。完全正确。

Original English

[Emily]: Homer's invulnerable. Yeah. Exactly.

[Natalie]: [笑声]

Original English

[Natalie]: [laughter]

被奴役阶层

[Emily]: 没关系的。无所谓。我的意思是,无论诺兰做出什么与我们如果拥有 IMAX 摄像机会做的不同的改动,那都是他的权利。我是说,我对诺兰将如何聚焦这个故事有一些疑问,他的聚焦方式可能与原诗截然不同。但从某些方面来说,我也很期待这一点,因为我认为这将成为与学生们讨论和思考的绝佳素材。

Original English

[Emily]: It's fine. Whatever. I mean, whatever things Nolan does that might be different from what either of us would do if we had the IMAX camera, that's that's fine. That's his right to do that. Um, I mean, I I have questions about how is Nolan going to center the story in ways that might be very different from what the poem is is doing. But I also in some ways look forward to that because I think that's going to be so generative to think about and discuss with students.

[Natalie]: 能具体说说你的意思吗?

Original English

[Natalie]: But say what you mean by that specifically.

[Emily]: 好的。比如,我认为这部电影非常有可能被呈现为一个深爱妻子的丈夫、历经千辛万苦回到灵魂伴侣身边的故事,而不是呈现一个通过这场征途为自己攫取荣耀和权力的传统英雄。

同时,从我们目前看到的选角来看,还没有任何关于饰演欧律克勒亚(Eurycleia)的演员的消息。她是被奴役的年迈奶妈,在故事中有一个著名的桥段:她在帮奥德修斯洗脚时,通过他腿上的伤疤认出了他。因为在那个家庭里,被奴役的女性对于奴隶主身体的熟悉程度,甚至在某些层面上超越了他的妻子。欧律克勒亚从奥德修斯还是个婴儿时就开始照顾他了。

Original English

[Emily]: So, for instance, I mean, I think it's very likely that um that this is going to be presented as the story of a husband who's very much in love and is returning to his soulmate as opposed to here's a hero who's generating glory for himself through this quest. I also think it's from the casting that we've seen so far, we haven't been told anything about a actor playing Eurycleia (Yora), the enslaved elderly nursemaid who who famously washes Adysius's leg and recognizes the scar on his leg because of course the enslaved women in the household know the bodies of their enslavers in ways that even his wife doesn't know his body on that level. She Eurycleia has been taking care of him ever since he was a little baby.

[Natalie]: 她……

Original English

[Natalie]: She

[Meline]: 所以当他回家时,她认出了他。

Original English

[Meline]: So when he comes home, she recognizes him.

[Emily]: 是的。当她作为热情的款待为他洗脚时,她认出了他。她洗着脚,摸到了他的腿,认出了他年轻时第一次去打猎时留下的伤疤。

Original English

[Emily]: She recognizes him when when she's washing his feet as a gesture of hospitality. She's washing the feet and reaches up the leg and recognizes the scar that he got when he was hunting on his first trip.

[Natalie]: 我认为那是一个非常精彩的场景,她也是个非常了不起的角色。如果因为好莱坞的某些潜规则,导致一位年长的女演员无法获得这个角色,那将是一个巨大的遗憾。同时,我也在想,原著中庞大的被奴役的家仆群体,在诺兰的电影里会被完整地呈现出来,还是会被简化?

Original English

[Natalie]: I think that's an amazing sequence and she's an amazing character. Um, I think it would be a shame if the norms of Hollywood meant an older woman actor isn't going to get a part in that, you know, to to play Eurycleia. I also wonder about the degree to which the the whole apparatus of the enslaved members of the household. Will that be fully fleshed out in the land version or will it just be

[Emily]: 也许只保留一个被奴役的角色?比如已经宣布的牧猪人欧迈奥斯(Eumaeus),但我担心这部电影可能无法展现原著中对于被奴役家仆社会关系的丰富刻画。

如果忽略了原著中对于被奴役阶层服务于这些社会精英的深度探讨,对你来说会损失什么?我认为这在原著中至关重要,它关乎史诗对于“归家”(nostos)的定义,以及这种归家旅程和拥有家园其实是一种极其特权的排他性享受。牧猪人曾说:“如果我的主人能回来,他也许会给我一栋属于我自己的房子。”这让我们清晰地看到,这些被奴役的成员并不想从属于别人的家庭,他们渴望有自己的家,但他们无法拥有自己的归家旅程,因为他们被绑定在主人的归家旅程中。奥德修斯的征途之所以显得荣耀,他的家园之所以显得辉煌,正是因为那里挤满了没有选择权、被迫留在那里为他服务的人。

Original English

[Emily]: maybe one enslaved character? I think Eumaeus (umis) has been announced but maybe there won't be as much richness in terms of the social world of the enslaved members of the household as there is in the original poem. What would be lost for for you if that wasn't explored in depth the the role of all of the people that are enslaved and serve these elite members of society. I think it's it's crucial in the original in terms of what does the poem say about um nostos about homecoming and about the fact that it's such an exclusive privilege to get to have a homecoming journey and to have a house at all. Um the swine herd says if only my owner would come back because he he might one day give me a house of my own. And that we have this really clear sense that the enslaved members of the household don't actually want to belong to someone else's house. They want a house of their own, but they don't get a homecoming journey because they belong to someone else's homecoming journey. And of course, his journey is not glorious and his house is not glorious unless it's full of people who haven't chosen to be there.

[Natalie]: 那 Meline 呢?对于你深爱的喀耳刻,你会带着忧虑去观看那些好莱坞改编的场景吗?

Original English

[Natalie]: And Meline, what about your beloved Cersei? Are you going to be [laughter] watching those scenes with great apprehension?

[Meline]: 不会。我的意思是,每当我观看《奥德赛》的改编时,我总是希望能看到更多女性角色的呈现。例如卡吕普索(Calypso)有她精彩的独白,她得以表达她的视角。但在原著中,许多女性仅仅是作为奥德修斯旅途中的障碍或助手出现,她们的作用被局限在推动他的剧情上。所以我总是渴望能看到更多关于她们自己故事的呈现,正如我一贯所做的那样。[笑声]

Original English

[Meline]: No. I mean, anytime I'm watching an adaptation of the Odyssey, I want more of the women. Calypso [clears throat] gets to have her monologue and, you know, she kind of gets to put a little bit more of her perspective out there, but so many of the women are just kept as as these sort of mysterious figures who come in and help or obstruct and that's just how they function in the Odyssey. So, I'm just going to be yearning for more of their stories, [laughter] as I always do.

[Natalie]: 你知道那一点。你已经知道会是这样了。

Original English

[Natalie]: You know that. You You already know it.

[Meline]: 我已经释怀了。我很平静。

Original English

[Meline]: I'm I'm at peace. I'm at peace.

[Natalie]: 是的。[笑声] 你已经默默接受了。

Original English

[Natalie]: Yeah, [laughter] you're resigned to it.

现代启示录

[Natalie]: 好的。在节目的最后,我想问问你们希望人们在观看这部电影后能带走什么。比如,你们觉得故事中是否有什么时刻、某句台词或某项启示,在当今我们所生活的世界里依然具有独特的现实意义?如果这是你们的电影,你们会希望给观众留下什么?

Original English

[Natalie]: Okay. I want to end by asking what you're hoping that people take away from experiencing this movie. Like, is there a moment or a line or a lesson in it that you think applies uniquely to the world that we're living in now and that if you could do it yourself, you would leave people with if this was your movie?

[Emily]: 我的意思是,我认为《奥德赛》中与我们时代非常契合的一个核心主题,就是向敲门的陌生人敞开大门、提供好客之道(xenia)的重要性,对吧?整部诗作其实都在探讨款待以及款待被滥用的后果。奥德修斯的求婚者们在没有被邀请的情况下闯入他的家,纠缠他的妻子,这严重违背了款待的法则。故事展现了违背好客法则的危险,并提醒我们,贫苦之人与异乡人都是受到宙斯庇护的。

Original English

[Emily]: I mean, I think one of the big themes of the Odyssey that very much resonates with our time is the importance of welcoming the stranger into your house, right? I mean, that the whole poem is about hospitality and about the fact that the suitors of Adysius have abused his hospitality by going into his house and hitting on his wife without without being invited to do so. um is all about the violations of hospitality and then the dangers of what happens when hospitality is violated and when when people don't recognize that the poor and strangers are blessed by Zeus.

[Natalie]: 我非常喜欢……

Original English

[Natalie]: I loved that

[Meline]: 是的。

Original English

[Meline]: yes

[Natalie]: 您的译本中的这一部分。老实说,在读 Meline 的作品时我也深刻感受到了这一点:那就是你必须成为一个好的东道主。我这么说不仅是作为一个播客主持人,更是作为一个人类。这种理念就是:当有人敲响你的门时,你应该把手头拥有的东西分享给他们,并倾听他们的声音。这真的是一件非常美妙的、值得时刻铭记在心的事情。

Original English

[Natalie]: part of your translation and I also got that honestly Meline from reading your work just this idea that you have to be a good host. I say this not just as a podcast host, but as a human being. This idea that when somebody shows up at your door, you know, you should offer them what you have and listen to them.

[Meline]: 这确实让人感觉是一件非常温暖的事情。

Original English

[Meline]: That just felt um like a kind of wonderful thing to keep in mind always.

[Emily]: 是的。

Original English

[Emily]: Yes.

[Meline]: 是的。因为款待的另一半逻辑是:你永远不知道什么时候轮到你自己成为那个需要被款待的陌生人。我们都会有陷入困境、需要他人伸出援手的时刻。这是一种我们所有人都必须参与的伟大的交换。

Original English

[Meline]: Yes. Because and you know the other half of that is because you don't know when it's going to be you. You know that that we all need to do this. This is sort of this ex great exchange that we all have to take part in.

[Emily]: 没错。没有人在任何地方都是天然的主人,对吧?这部史诗深刻地向我们传达了这一点。

Original English

[Emily]: Yes. No one belongs everywhere, right? And the poem really teaches you that.

[Meline]: 是的。[音乐]

Original English

[Meline]: Yeah. [music]

节目谢幕

[Natalie]: 好的,非常感谢你们两位来到我们的节目,Emily 和 Meline。这真是一次极大的荣幸。[音乐]

Original English

[Natalie]: Well, I want to thank you both for coming on the show, Emily and Meline. It has been a true pleasure. [music]

[Emily]: 这也是我的荣幸。非常感谢。能和你聊天总是很愉快,Meline。

Original English

[Emily]: It was a great pleasure for me. Thank you so much. It's always nice to talk to you, Meline.

[Meline]: 是的。能和你交谈总是非常棒,非常感谢你邀请我们。你是一位非常出色的主持人。谢谢。我希望我们作为做客的嘉宾没有表现得太差,事实上你是一个无与伦比的主人。

Original English

[Meline]: Yes. It's always great to speak with you and thank you so much for having us. You were a great host. Thank you. I hope I hope we were okay biting guests because in fact you were wonderful guests.

[Natalie]: 你们不是求婚者(指粗鲁无礼的客人)。你们是极其受欢迎的[笑声]贵客。

Original English

[Natalie]: You were not suitors. You were wonderful [laughter] guest.

[Meline]: 好的,那就好。[音乐]

Original English

[Meline]: Okay, good. [music]

[Natalie]: 今天的节目由 Luke Vanderplug 制作,Tina Antilini 协助制作。[音乐] 由 Wendy Door 编辑,Paige Cowat 协助编辑,音频工程师为 Sophia Lanman。制作助理[音乐]及事实核查为 Dalia Hadad。本期节目包含了由 Dan Powell, Marian Lozano, Rowan Neimisto, 以及 Alicia Baup 创作的音乐。[音乐] 特别鸣谢 Amy Pearl。

以上就是今天的《每日新闻》。我是 Natalie Kitroof。我们明天见。

Original English

[Natalie]: Today's episode was produced by Luke Vanderplug with help from Tina Antilini. [music] It was edited by Wendy Door with help from Paige Cowat and engineered by Sophia Lanman. Production assistance [music] and fact-checking by Dalia Hadad. It contains music by Dan Powell, Marian Lozano, Rowan Neimisto, and Alicia [music] Baup. Special thanks to Amy Pearl. That's it for the daily hide. [music] I'm Natalie Kitroof. See you tomorrow.

[广告旁白]: [音乐] 向全新的人工智能助手问好。有了 Alexa Plus,保持获取最新资讯只是个开始。它能追踪商品价格并在降价时向您发送提醒,帮助您围绕实际的日程和预算进行规划,并记住您对它说过的话,让每一次对话都能无缝承接上一次的内容,无论您在何处聊天。对于喜欢保持领先的人来说,这是一个能够紧跟您步伐的助手。使用 Prime 会员即可免费体验。

Original English

[Narrator]: [music] Say hello to a new kind of AI assistant. With Alexa Plus, staying informed is just the start. It tracks prices and alerts you when they drop, helps you plan around your actual schedule and budget, and remembers what you've told it, so every conversation picks up where the last one left off, no matter where you're chatting. For people who like to stay ahead, it's the assistant that keeps up. Free with Prime.

📌 文中提及的人物和组织

关键字: odyssey translation-studies greek-mythology literary-adaptation