最高法院的交锋、特朗普的商业版图与全球移民政策的分歧 New York Times Podcasts 2026-07-01

司法博弈:最高法院对总统权力的制衡与扩张

美国联邦最高法院(Supreme Court: 美国的最高司法机构)以一项对总统唐纳德·特朗普(Donald Trump)移民议程的重大打击结束了本届任期。在一项以 6 比 3 投票通过的裁决中,大法官们驳回了特朗普限制出生公民权(Birthright Citizenship: 任何在美国领土出生的人自动获得美国公民身份的宪法权利)的行政命令,重申了“凡在美国领土出生的孩子几乎皆为美国公民”的长期宪法原则。尽管特朗普在社交媒体上抨击这一判决“对国家太坏”,并试图将责任推给国会,宣称可以通过立法予以推翻,但这已是他在本届最高法院遭遇的数次重大挫败之一。此前,最高法院还在今年2月驳回了他的全面关税计划,并于近期阻止了他免职美联储官员的企图。值得注意的是,这些制衡在很大程度上是由特朗普自己提名的大法官,如尼尔·戈萨奇(Neil Gorsuch)、布雷特·卡瓦诺(Brett Kavanaugh)和艾米·科尼·巴雷特(Amy Coney Barrett)投下反对票促成的。

然而,在制衡的同时,这届保守派占多数的最高法院也为保守派和总统行政权力带来了深远的影响。法院推翻了一项具有90年历史的先例,显着扩大了总统(包括特朗普)解雇独立机构负责人的权力,并严重削弱了《投票权法案》。此外,法院还赋予了总统更多权力去剥夺移民的驱逐保护,并在边境直接拒绝寻求庇护者。

Original English

From the New York Times, it's the headlines. I'm Tracy Mumford. Today's Wednesday, July 1st. Here's what we're covering. The Supreme Court closed out its term yesterday with a major blow to President Trump's agenda, blocking his administration's efforts to limit birthright citizenship. Trump had issued an executive order on his very first day back in office that would have prevented babies born to undocumented immigrants from automatically becoming citizens. But in a 6-3 decision, the justices reaffirmed the long-held principle that nearly all children born on US soil are Americans. After the ruling, Trump took to social media to call the decision, quote, "Too bad for our country." and tried to punt it to Congress, falsely claiming they could reverse it with legislation. In all, this Supreme Court term involved decisions in nearly 60 cases. And my colleague Ann Marimow, who's been tracking the rulings, said there were some clear moments where Trump did not get what he wanted, but also some major expansions of presidential power.

So, the term showed the court willing to check President Trump's boundary-pushing agenda. They rejected his sweeping tariffs back in February. And just this week, we saw them reject his efforts to limit birthright citizenship, and also his attempt to fire a leader of the influential Federal Reserve. Notably, it was some of Trump's own nominees who made those losses possible. At various times, Justices Neil Gorsuch, Brett Kavanaugh, and Amy Coney Barrett joined with the Chief Justice and the three liberal justices to reject major parts of the president's agenda. That said, the court's conservative majority delivered long-lasting conservative wins that will have an impact for many years to come. The court expanded the ability of presidents, including Mr. Trump, to fire leaders of independent agencies. In doing so, they overturned a 90-year-old precedent. They significantly weakened the Voting Rights Act, and they made it easier for presidents to strip migrants of deportation protections and to turn away asylum seekers at the border. These are long-lasting conservative victories that have been sought for many decades by conservatives, and they've delivered on those this term. You can find a full recap of the major cases this term at nytimes.com. That includes two others of note from yesterday: The court's decision to allow states to bar transgender athletes from girls sports, and a decision to lift some spending limits for elections, which could help Republicans ahead of the midterms.

特朗普首年营收报告:利益冲突与前所未有的商业化总统

根据最新公布的特朗普总统强制性财务公开报告,他在重返白宫的第一年内,其商业版图斩获了至少 22 亿美元的营收。虽然由于报告仅展示了总收入而无法看出具体的盈亏情况,但该数字已是他在2024年收入的近四倍。这一庞大收入主要源于其家族在中东、欧洲和亚洲的房地产授权交易,以及马阿拉歌庄园(Mar-a-Lago)和高尔夫球场等核心资产的持续吸金。

然而,最大的收入支柱则来自特朗普的加密货币(Cryptocurrency: 采用密码学技术保证安全性的去中心化数字货币)产业。特朗普曾对加密货币持怀疑态度,但在重返白宫前迅速布局,去年通过发行迷因币(Meme Coin)以及向与阿联酋政府有联系的公司出售其家族加密业务的大量股份,赚取了超过 10 亿美元。这使得特朗普既是行业的主要参与者,又是政策的最高制定者,引发了前所未有的利益冲突。历史学家指出,美国历史上从未有一位总统在即将入主白宫前创立新企业并持续从中谋取私利。相比之下,此前的总统都会极力规避潜在冲突,例如乔治·W·布什(George W. Bush)在当选前卖掉了德克萨斯游骑兵棒球队的股份,吉米·卡特(Jimmy Carter)则将花生农场的经营权交托给了独立信托基金。

Original English

Yesterday, President Trump's mandatory financial disclosure report was released, and it details just how much money his business operations made last year. The form shows that in his first year back in office, he brought in at least 2.2 billion dollars. It only shows revenue, so it doesn't reveal whether his businesses turned a profit or a loss, but that amount is nearly four times higher than he made the year before, 2024. It includes, for example, tens of millions of dollars the Trump family pulled in from real estate branding deals in the Middle East, Europe, and Asia. The president's properties, like Mar-a-Lago and his golf clubs, also brought in tens of millions. The biggest source of money revealed in the report, though, was Trump's cryptocurrency businesses. He used to be a big skeptic of crypto, but moved aggressively into the industry right before retaking office. And last year, Trump's crypto ventures brought in well over a billion dollars from things like the sale of his meme coin and the sale of a huge stake of his family's crypto business to a firm tied to the UAE government. Those crypto businesses highlight a major source of conflict. Trump is both a significant player in the industry and its top policy maker. And as president, Trump has undertaken actions that directly benefited his family's crypto interests. Overall, presidential historians said they could identify no other president in American history who entered into new business enterprises right before moving into the White House and then continued to personally profit from them while in office. While there have been past scandals around the business ventures of president's family members, most presidents have taken pains to avoid potential conflicts. George W. Bush, for example, sold his stake in the Texas Rangers baseball team before his election, while Jimmy Carter turned over operation of his peanut farm to an independent trustee. The White House did not respond to a request for comment from the Times, but a White House spokeswoman said in a recent statement that Trump acts in the best interest of Americans and that there are, quote, "no conflicts of interest."

全球移民政策的撕裂:被遣返者的悲剧与西班牙的“解药”

在一场毁灭性的地震袭击委内瑞拉后,官方公布的遇难人数已超过1900人,且仍有数千人被困于废墟下。在这些遇难者中,包含了一群在地震前仅几小时才刚刚被美国政府遣返的委内瑞拉移民。载有约150名遣返者的飞机在上周三降落后,他们被送入了一处国营临时收容所,原计划在次日被遣返并释放,然而收容建筑却在地震中被彻底震塌。据幸存者透露,委内瑞拉情报人员在灾后出现,但极少参与废墟搜救,反而威胁幸存者对收容所发生的死伤惨剧保持沉默。美国国土安全部(Department of Homeland Security)未对此事作出回应,但航线追踪显示,自上周三以来前往委内瑞拉的遣返班机已被暂停。

在全球多国不断收紧移民限制的背景下,西班牙则采取了截然相反的政策。西班牙首相近期宣布,已有超过100万人申请了该国推出的一项允许无证移民合法居留的计划,申请人数超出预期25%。西班牙官员认为,此项计划既是对移民人道关怀的体现,也是西班牙经济的必然选择。西班牙是欧洲生育率最低的国家之一,外籍劳工填补了旅游、农业等关键经济部门的用工短缺,并使西班牙成为欧洲大陆经济增长最快的国家之一。尽管该法案遭到保守反对党的强烈抨击,认为这会给国家基础设施和住房供给带来压力,但西班牙首相仍称这项计划是针对“MAGA风格”领导人极右翼排外政策的一剂“解药”。

Original English

It has been nearly a week since Venezuela was hit by devastating earthquakes. And while rescue efforts continue, the disaster's official death toll has now passed 1,900 people. The Venezuelan government believes thousands more are still trapped under literal tons of concrete. And the Times has learned that one group of victims from the quakes included migrants who were deported from the US just hours before the disaster. Last Wednesday, a plane carrying almost 150 Venezuelan deportees landed at the country's main airport. They were then brought to a state-run holding facility where the Venezuelan government planned to process and release them the next day. But the building they were being held in was crushed in the quakes, trapping and killing people who'd just returned to their home country. Two survivors said the walls and ceilings fell around them as people scrambled to escape. The Venezuelan government has not said how many people were in the building or how many died, and family members say they've been given little to no information. One survivor told the Times that Venezuela intelligence officers showed up after the earthquake but did little to search for survivors, and he said they threatened him to remain quiet about what had happened. The US Department of Homeland Security did not respond to questions about whether deportation flights to Venezuela would continue. According to online flight trackers, there have been no deportation flights to the country since Wednesday.

Around the world, as many countries, including the US, have been increasingly cracking down on immigration, Spain has been bucking that trend. Earlier this year, it announced it was launching a program offering undocumented immigrants a legal way to stay in the country. And as of yesterday, Spain's Prime Minister announced that more than 1 million people have applied, roughly 25% more than they had expected. Spanish officials have described the program as both a humane gesture to immigrants and an essential move for Spain's economy. The country has one of the lowest birth rates in Europe, and foreign-born workers fill gaps in critical economic sectors like tourism and agriculture. Economists and government officials say Spain's influx of immigrants has helped turn its economy into one of the fastest-growing on the continent. The program has drawn a lot of criticism from the conservative opposition, though, who say it could strain the country's infrastructure and exacerbate housing shortages. It's also heightened a standoff between Spain and the US. Spain's prime minister called the program an antidote to policies pushed by, quote, "MAGA-style" leaders.

Monroeville 购物中心:消费主义隐喻地标的拆除与告别

在20世纪70年代末,僵尸电影的开山鼻祖乔治·罗梅罗(George Romero)在其经典之作《活死人黎明》(Dawn of the Dead: 罗梅罗导演的关于幸存者在购物中心避难的经典恐怖片)中,将僵尸恐怖带入了商场。罗梅罗选择在匹兹堡市郊外的 Monroeville 购物中心进行实景拍摄,并借此将幸存者与无意识游荡的僵尸共处商场的画面,化为讽刺消费主义失控的血腥隐喻。随着这部电影成为邪典经典,Monroeville 购物中心也成为了全球恐怖片影迷的“圣地”,影迷们在此举办一年一度的“活死人周末”(Living Dead Weekend)。

然而,这一具有特殊文化意义的地标终将走向消亡。沃尔玛及开发商已买下这栋建筑并计划将其拆除。上个月,商场举办了最后一次“活死人周末”,吸引了大约3000名影迷(其中许多人装扮成僵尸)前来作最后的告别。即便在人潮涌动中,商场依然笼罩着荒凉的气息——正如全美许多走向没落的传统购物中心一样,这里的许多店铺在数年前就已关闭。正如一位罗梅罗的忠实影迷所感叹的那样:“这里看起来就像是真正发生过一场丧尸末日。”

Original English

And finally, Imagine, if you will, that something has gone terribly wrong. In the late 1970s, George Romero, the creator of the zombie genre as we know it, brought that horror to the mall. What are they doing? Why do they come here? Some kind of instinct, memory, what they used to do. In his film Dawn of the Dead, survivors of the zombie apocalypse hole up in a shopping center. To film it, Romero took over the Monroeville Mall, about 20 minutes outside downtown Pittsburgh. He said it was the perfect backdrop for a gory allegory about consumerism run amok. And as the movie became a classic, the mall became a sacred place for horror fans who made pilgrimages there. They hosted an annual Living Dead Weekend. One woman even told the Times it was her honeymoon destination. But the mall's end now seems near. Walmart and a developer have bought the building and have plans to demolish it. In response, many fans are bidding their final farewells. Last month, the mall hosted its last Living Dead Weekend with some 3,000 people showing up, many dressed as the undead themselves. Even with the crowds, it had a slightly abandoned feeling as many stores there have closed over the years, like in a lot of malls around the country. One Romero fan told the times, quote, "It looks like a zombie apocalypse happened here." Which is kind of spot on.

Those are the headlines. Today on The Daily, a look at how new federal limits on student loans could shut some Americans out of higher education. You can listen to that in the New York Times app or wherever you get your podcasts. I'm Tracy Mumford. We'll be back tomorrow.

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