摆脱苹果围墙花园:拥抱多元化计算体验 The Pragmatic Engineer 2026-04-13

摆脱单机思维,拥抱多元计算

主讲人: 我认为现在最美妙的认识是,你可以拥有多台电脑。你不必局限于一台机器。事实上,这正是整个OpenCLAW 现象所激发出的。很多人都去购买了Mac Mini,因为他们特意想在那台 Mac Mini 上运行他们的 OpenCLAW。作为一名Linux 开发者,你也可以这样做。我确实是这样做的。我的电脑数量多得我都数不过来。其中一些仍然是 Mac。这很疯狂,因为我觉得存在一个心理障碍。我过去每两三年就会在公司买或自己买一台新笔记本。现在回想起来,我有一台 2020 年的 MacBook Air,到现在已经 6 年了。它运行得非常好。是的。前几天我走进Mac 商店,心想,嗯,有这台新电脑… 哦不,我脑子里立刻冒出的想法是:我不应该买它,因为它(我旧的)运行得很好。

Original English

Speaker: I think the beautiful realization these days is that you're allowed more than one computer. You don't have to have a single machine. And in fact, this is what the whole open claw phenomenon has spurred on that a bunch of people just went out and bought a Mac Mini because they specifically wanted to run their claw on that Mac Mini. You could do the same thing as a Linux developer. That's certainly what I do. I have more computers than I care to count. Some of them are still Macs. It's wild because this there's I think there's a mental block. I used to buy or get through my my my company or or buy for myself every two or three years a new laptop. And I just look back. I have a Mac like a MacBook Air that is in 2020, that's 6 years ago. And it works great. Yes. And I walked into the Mac store the other day and I thought, huh, there's this new computer like oh no I immediately my first thought was I shouldn't get it because it works.

主讲人: 但当我计算这台新电脑的成本,以及我的开发者的时薪时,这简直是不费脑筋的决定。但那个心理障碍依然存在。我在想,要不要试试WindowsLinux。我觉得这是一种心理上的固疾。我不确定我是否孤单,但我不习惯我的笔记本电脑没有被充分利用。我想我已经被这样条件化’了太久。所以,也许我们真的需要稍微放手。在很多方面,这是一种——我不是为了达到喜剧效果而夸大其词——这是一种**‘贫穷心态’。认为我只被分配一台CPU**,只能用一台,这当然是无稽之谈。因为如果你是开发者,尤其是在处理网络的开发者,你已经在使用数百万个CPU了。所有这些电脑都在为你工作,无论你是在使用网页版的 ChatGPT,还是在运行其他Web 应用。那不是魔法,那是计算机。而你拥有其中的一部分,所以你可以在家里拥有不止一台电脑。我发现的另一件事是,电脑本身就很有趣,你应该拥有一台多样化的设备。如果你在意它们。就像我喜欢手表一样,如果我觉得我只能拥有一块手表,那这项爱好就会变得有点无聊。你可以找到那块完美的手表,并且快乐于它,但如果你能拥有一定程度的多样性,那会更有趣。

Original English

But when I did the maths of how much this thing costs and you know like my hourly rate as as a dev, it's such a no-brainer. And there's still this mental block and I was thinking of you know trying out Windows or or Linux and I think there's a mental mental but I'm not sure if I'm alone with this but I'm not used to my laptop not being utilized. I think I've been conditioned for this for so long. So maybe it's something we need to let go a little bit. We do need to let go of that. In many ways, it's an I'm not just going to push it to the point for the comedic effect but it's a poverty mindset. It's a poverty mindset to think I am only allotted the one CPU and that's all I'm allowed to use which is of course nonsense because if you are developers certainly one working with the web, you're already using a million CPUs. All these computers are already working for you whether you're in chat GPT on the web or you're running some other web app. Like that's not magic. That's computers. And you have a slice of that so you are allowed more than one computer in the home. The other thing I find is computers are just fun and you should have a variety of them. If you care about them. Like I like watches and if I thought that I was only permitted a single watch, that hobby would be a little boring. You could find the perfect watch and you could be happy with that watch but it's a little more fun if you're allowed a degree of variety.

主讲人: 我想,这也是我必须逃离‘苹果围墙花园’才能真正认识到的。因为我长期以来一直沉浸在‘苹果泡泡’中,以至于我都快忘了其他种类的电脑是存在的,是我可以拥有和使用的。所以,大约两年前,与苹果关系的‘最后一根稻草’压垮了骆驼,就像大门被打开,进入了一个更广阔的世界。起初,阳光有点刺眼,仿佛我刚从某个地牢里走出来。我意识到,‘天哪,竟然有这么多不同的东西。’作为一个科技爱好者,我发现,比如,你可以拥有一块240 赫兹大屏幕。这项技术在 Mac 世界里根本不存在。苹果不提供任何 240 赫兹的产品。所以,如果你喜欢竞技游戏,第一次看到这个会有点令人震惊,因为你(或我)一直认为,‘嗯,苹果如果现在没有某样东西,他们最终会有的;如果他们最终没有,那它可能就不值得拥有。’这确实是一种非常**‘贫瘠的心态’,你爱上了自己身处的‘洞穴’。这并不是说苹果不生产酷炫的产品。我喜欢他们发布的MacBook Neo**。我喜欢看到公司在某些方面大力推进,以至于让所有竞争对手都感到一丝担忧。对我来说,Neo——这款便宜但依然相当不错的 Mac——是派对上的一个精彩的参与者

Original English

And I think that's what I actually had to escape the Apple walled garden to realize because I'd been inside the Apple bubble for so long that I'd kind of forgotten that different kinds of computers existed that I could own and use. So when 2 years ago or so, the final straw finally broke the camel's back on my relationship with Apple, it was just like the doors had been opened to a much broader world. And at first the sun was a little bright like I was stepping out of some dungeon and I realized, oh my gosh, there's all these different things. And just as a fan of technology to realize for example, you can have a big screen that runs at 240 hertz. Like that technology does not exist in the Mac world. Apple does not offer a product that has 240 hertz. So if you like competitive gaming, seeing that sort of for the first time is a little startling because you are under this or I was certainly under this illusion that I well Apple, if they don't have it right now, they'll eventually get to it and if they don't get to it, it's probably not worth having at all. Which really is a very deprived mindset where you fall in love with the cave you're in. That's not to say that Apple doesn't make cool stuff. Like I loved the announcement they did with the MacBook Neo. I love when companies are pushing certain angles to the point that all their competitors get a little worried. And the Neo to me, this really cheap Mac that's still quite good is a wonderful entrant into the party.

主讲人: 同样地,我一直对英特尔 (Intel) 的复出感到非常兴奋,Gelsinger 的五年计划目标是达到 18A(他们的新生产节点),以便能够生产出与苹果的 Panther Lake 芯片相媲美的产品,这真的很鼓舞人心。令人感到有点悲哀的是,当我在 X (Twitter) 上谈论这些时,‘阵营化’的倾向太明显了。如果你喜欢苹果产品,就好像你必须讨厌 PC。比如,你不得不贬低 Panther Lake,尽管它是**‘光荣的美国机构’——苹果的一项重大成就。他们在亚利桑那州制造了芯片。我们都应该为他们的成就欢呼**,无论我们是否会使用它们。但有趣的是,这就像‘自行车棚’效应一样,当利害关系最低的时候,我们争论得最激烈。当你拥有一台苹果电脑,并且不想去想是否存在更好的替代品时,你就会想,‘让我闭上眼睛,说苹果是不可战胜的。’我之所以这么说,是因为我非常尊重苹果公司所建立的一切,即使我不太尊重他们今天作为一家企业在**‘看门’行为和应用商店等方面的做法。但就技术成就而言,我是M 芯片的最大拥护者,因为它们彻底重塑了移动计算设备的可能性**。是的。我们都应该为此感到兴奋。如果你热爱计算机,就应该热爱CPU。你应该热爱CPU 的进步。我现在在高通 (Qualcomm) 那里也看到同样的情况。出于某种原因,高通——又一个美国公司——正在做着了不起的事情,驱动着世界上大部分的计算设备。如果你只算一下Android 是移动设备上的主导平台,那么我们为什么不对此感到兴奋呢?再次问,为什么?因为你看到了你最喜欢的品牌之间一些微不足道的竞争?在我看来,这很愚蠢。而X2 Elite是另一款赶上来的芯片,实际上比 Panther Lake 更进一步,它基于ARM 架构,与苹果的产品看齐。我们难道不应该感到兴奋吗?即使你不想要这些产品,你也应该热爱竞争,因为竞争让事物变得更好、更便宜。所以,苹果感受到了一点‘压力’,即经过五年不起眼的发展后,整个行业终于开始对他们构成挑战,这是我们都应该庆祝的。但我们没有。我们中的许多人没有。很多人都没有。

Original English

By the same token, I've been so excited about the comeback of Intel that Gelsinger's 5-year plan to get to 18A, their new production node just so that they could produce a competitive chip with what Apple is doing with Panther Lake is really inspiring to see. And it's actually a bit sad I find that when I talk about this on X, the partisanship is so close to the surface that if you like Apple products, it's almost like you have to hate a PC. You have to poo-poo on Panther Lake for example, even though it's a major achievement for a proud American institution like Apple. They built the chips in Arizona. Like we should all be cheering for the success of what they've accomplished regardless of whether we're going to run it or not. But it's funny because it's also one of those things like the the bike shed where when the stakes are the lowest, we argue the most fierce. And the stakes are very low when you have an Apple computer and you don't want to think about whether there's a better alternative for you or even other people and then you just go like, let me just close my eyes and say Apple can't be beat. Again, I say that as someone who has tremendous respect for what that company has built even if I don't have so much respect for how they conduct themselves as a business today when it comes to gatekeeping and the app stores and all the other nonsense. But just as a technical achievement, I was the biggest cheerleader for the M chips because they completely reset the board of what was possible in a mobile computer. Yep. And we should all be excited about that. If you love computers, you should love CPUs. You should love CPU progress. I find the same thing now with Qualcomm. For some reason, again, an American company doing amazing things powering the bulk of computers in the world if you just count the fact that Android is the dominant It is. platform on mobile computers, on pocket computers, then why are we not excited about that? Again, what? Because you see some petty rivalry with your favorite brand? That just seems stupid to me. And the X2 Elite is another chip that's caught up even more actually than Panther Lake is on an ARM architecture with Apple's offerings. And shouldn't we be excited? Even if you don't want any of the stuff, you should love competition because competition makes things better and cheaper. So Apple feeling a little bit of a heat that the rest of the industry after five meager years finally starts giving them some challenge is something we should all celebrate. But we don't. A lot of us don't. A lot of people don't.

主讲人: 我尝试这样做。我尝试在我对某事产生某种反应时,进行一些元认知,并问自己:这是因为我支持‘我的队伍’,还是因为我真心不喜欢正在发生的事情?然后,很多时候,我会发现自己也陷入了这里正在发生的**‘阵营化’,然后我告诉自己:‘你知道吗?不。我不会掉进那个陷阱。’我要回到我的基本模型**。我的基本模型是:我热爱计算机。我喜欢玩电脑。我喜欢用电脑找乐子。我喜欢用电脑提高效率。我喜欢用电脑打发时间。早晨坐在那台美味、顺滑、敲击声悦耳的机械键盘前,就是一种享受。我们应该永远感激,我们仍然能够这样做。这可能在几年内就会结束,因为那将不再是主流形态了。我们看着旧时人们在打字机上打字的老照片,然后想:‘还记得计算曾经是那样的吗?’我将享受我们拥有的每一刻。有一件事可能是——你知道,我们喜欢抨击那些我们不使用的其他电脑,因为我们不使用它们。那么,你最近发现了一些喜欢,并且想推荐给我们的电脑,无论是笔记本还是其他设备呢?比如,如果你想到处逛逛,无论是为了游戏找乐子,看看不只是游戏主机才能做到,还是为了工作?我最近玩得最多的电脑是笔记本。当我刚开始接触 Linux 时,我有一台 Framework Laptop 13。这是一台很棒的机器。>> 你可以组装它,对吧? >> 组装它。你必须亲自组装。大部分产品你买来就是一个图形界面套件,你需要自己动手。所以它有点像一个乐高套装。它只需要大约 5 分钟,但会带来一种所有权感一种宜家效应 (IKEA effect)。你是不是因为自己组装了这台电脑,所以对它的喜爱又增加了一点?我认为它至今仍是一台很棒的机器,但它并非唯一能运行 Linux 的出色机器。在过去的几个月里,我尝试了很多。部分原因是,我一直对一些新技术感到非常兴奋。其中一个并非全新,但对我一个长期使用Mac,然后又长期使用 Framework 电脑的人来说,(这些电脑)都有 IPSmicroLED 屏幕,第一次看到OLED 屏幕对我来说是令人惊叹的。我当时甚至没意识到,游戏的色彩能有那么好的表现。这有点奇怪,因为我有一台 OLED 电视。OLED 电视看起来很棒,但你坐在离它相当远的地方。而坐在30 厘米外,看着OLED 显示屏玩《堡垒之夜》(Fortnite) 或《Arc Raiders》或其他游戏,那种生动的体验。我特别想提一下《堡垒之夜》。我一直是《堡垒之夜》的铁杆粉丝,玩了几百个小时,和我的孩子们一起组队,但现在我甚至一个人玩,即使没有孩子们。它太生动了。它是 OLED 的一个绝佳测试案例。所以我先入手了 ASUS Zephyrus G14,这是一款漂亮得令人惊叹的笔记本,在所有方面都像我们说的,Framework 感觉更像一个自家建的棚屋,这很可爱,对吧?我自己组装了这个棚屋。它真的很棒。我能欣赏它。一台优秀的机器,尤其适合生产力。我喜欢它的 3:2 宽高比等等,代码编写起来很方便。但说到游戏,它就不是最顶尖的机器了。它不适合那个。他们还有另一个产品,我不怎么喜欢他们那款 16 英寸的,但就那款 Zephyrus 而言,配备了OLED 显示屏,拥有精美的外壳,拥有那种恰到好处的玩家美学,因为这是一条非常微妙的界线。有很多游戏机器,灯光一直在闪烁,让你觉得:“我是在嗑药,还是这只是一台机器?”但 ASUS 确实找到了一种巧妙的方式来把握这条界线。它们在背面有一个叫“斜杠”的设计,那是一个LED 灯带,你可以编程出不同的图案。我觉得,“那太酷了。”然后它还有LEDRGB 键盘背光,你可以同步到其他东西。所以,在我拿到那台机器后,我实际上把它集成到了 Amachi 中。当你更换主题时,键盘背光也会随之改变。比如,你换成‘东京之夜’,它就是一种漂亮的紫色背景。你换成‘Nord’,它就是一种浅灰蓝。所以,这带来了很多乐趣。它是一台很棒的机器。然后,就在最近,我很荣幸地**“打扰”了迈克尔·戴尔 (Michael Dell),因为几年前我们进行‘云退出’ (cloud exit)** 的时候,我和他取得了联系。我们在服务器端一直使用戴尔 (Dell) ——你买了戴尔服务器。是的。然后当我们搬出云端时,我们买了大约两托盘的戴尔服务器来自己运行一切。我当时公开谈论了我们的**‘云退出’,引起了很多关注。毫不奇怪,迈克尔·戴尔也认为这是一个绝妙的主意**,买一堆服务器放在你的数据中心。所以,我们聊了起来,现在当我看到他们最新的笔记本系列 XPS,配备了那些 Panther Lake 芯片,以及新的串联 OLED 屏幕技术时,我毫不犹豫地重新联系了当初的对话,我说:“嘿,迈克尔,你能给我寄一台吗?我能拿到一台吗?我非常想试用这个新设置,因为我对英特尔芯片感到兴奋,正如我们所讨论的,但也非常期待串联 OLED 屏幕,考虑到我之前与 ASUS 的绝佳体验。所以,这就是我过去几周一直在使用的机器。它仍然是预生产单元兼容性还不完全,但能参与这个过程也很有趣。在某种程度上,我做梦也想不到能与苹果建立这样的关系。苹果,得益于他们的所有功劳,非常像是**‘象牙塔’,对吧?他们封闭在那里**。他们不真正与外部合作。他们只做自己的事。那很好。我们那里有那座高耸的灯塔。我希望他们在其他方面的行为更值得称赞,这样我们就能毫无保留地,仅仅钦佩那位客户,那家公司。但现在它有很多星号。但无论如何,戴尔 (Dell) 那边,他们立即就说:“嘿,是的。给你一台机器。给你一位正在研究 Linux 兼容性的工程师。你想帮忙吗?”当然,我想帮忙。所以,我立刻一头扎进去。我们如何诊断这个问题?如何让它与 Linux 内核协同工作?我们必须做些什么才能让所有不同的功能正常工作?这在驱动兼容性等方面仍然是前沿领域。这真的太棒了。然后这台机器简直令人惊叹。这是一台16 英寸的 XPS仅重 1.6 公斤。简直不敢相信。感觉……这很有趣,因为我仍然有一台 MacBook Pro 16 英寸,它远超 2 公斤。你把这两样东西放在一起,就会深刻体会到重量的重要性。这很有趣,因为你在脑子里想:“400 克,那算什么?500 克,600 克。”你觉得:“那没什么大不了的,这是一台电脑。”但实际上,这是有很大区别的。两者之间的差异,让你觉得它们是不同类别的设备。这让我觉得很有趣,因为……这正是乔纳森·艾维 (Jonathan Ive) 一直追求的。他追求极致的纤薄,追求极致的轻巧。但他可能做得有点过头了。那种蝶式键盘糟糕设计,困扰了 MacBooks 整整 5 年极高的故障率,这都反映出那种疯狂的优化。‘我们能削减一毫米吗?’而在技术圈里,这种做法普遍受到批评,对吧?‘只要能给我更大的电池更强大的 CPU,给我两倍重、两倍厚的东西也行。’‘闭嘴,宅男。’还有其他重要的事情。我对自己也这么说,就像对任何人一样,对吧?因为我能听到自己说:“你为什么要用这么糟糕的键盘只省下 2 毫米?”然后你会意识到,这其实是问错了问题正确的问题是:“不,不。请继续削减每一毫米,因为它确实很重要。每一百克真的很重要。但是,请在保证键盘功能正常的前提下这样做。谢谢。”配备戴尔 (Dell) 新技术的 XPS,让你看到更接近那个目标。我仍然不完全喜欢那个键盘。它与面板齐平。我其实应该把它带来的,这样你就能看到了。所以,它与面板齐平。按键直接横跨。所以,如果你关掉灯,用手指扫过你根本分不清。这有点奇怪。它有出人意料的舒适行程,但你的手指会感觉像是放在桌子上,然后你向下按压,而不是稍微抬高。我以为我会讨厌它。说实话,我第一眼看到它时,心想:“呃。”然后我意识到,“哦,我不讨厌。”它不是我最喜欢的键盘,但我不讨厌它。这只是一个例子,说明拥有一个目标——比如让键盘或电脑更轻、更薄——那不是问题问题出在执行。所以,我实际上要赞扬艾维 (Ive)专注。是的,过程中有一些失误。那又怎样?现在我们在这里,这些电脑都存在了。而现在奇怪的是,对我来说,MacBook 变得笨重了。以前一直是反过来的

关键字: computer-hardware developer-workflow multi-device-computing open-source-adoption