军方高层清洗与政治动荡
中文翻译： 从《纽约时报》头条来看，我是特雷西·芒福德。今天是8月26日星期三。以下是我们报道的内容。在五角大楼，我的同事们了解到，国防部长皮特·赫格塞特（Pete Hegseth）数月的资深领导层清洗，使得美国最大的军种——陆军，实际上失去了方向。今年早些时候，根据国防官员的说法，赫格塞特以一次没有解释的15秒电话，突然解雇了陆军参谋长兰迪·乔治（Randy George），即陆军的最高军官。乔治负责训练和装备世界各地的陆军部队。在解雇他四个月后，他的职位仍然没有迹象表明即将被填补。相反，赫格塞特至少还排除了三位曾被视为潜在继任者的其他高级军官。与此同时，官员表示，陆军参谋长，即其最高文职领导人，与赫格塞特几乎没有交谈，预计将在未来几个月离开职位。陆军官员告诉《纽约时报》，赫格塞特带着基于自己军事经验对高级领导层的深切怀疑来到五角大楼。他曾部署到伊拉克和阿富汗，但被迫离开国民警卫队，因为其纹身被视为极端主义。他在最近的一本书中写道：“我所热爱、为之奋斗、敬畏的军队，把我吐了出来。”总的来说，陆军现在服役的四星将领比几十年来都少了。他们是其中最经受过战斗考验、最有经验的领导者，目前仅有五人仍在服役，比赫格塞特上任时减少了五人。
Original English
From The New York Times, it's The Headlines. I'm Tracy Mumford. Today's Wednesday, August 26th. Here's what we're covering. At the Pentagon, my colleagues have learned that Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth's months-long purge of senior leadership has left the Army, the military's largest service, effectively rudderless. Earlier this year, Hegseth abruptly fired General Randy George, the Army Chief of Staff, its top officer, in a 15-second phone call with no explanation, according to defense officials. George was responsible for training and equipping Army units around the world. And 4 months after his firing, there are still no signs that his position is close to being filled. Instead, Hegseth has forced out at least three other senior officers who had been seen as potential successors. At the same time, officials say that the Army Secretary, its top civilian leader, is barely on speaking terms with Hegseth and is expected to leave his post in the next few months. Army officials tell The Times that Hegseth arrived at the Pentagon with deep suspicions of its senior leadership based on his own experience in the military. He deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan, but was forced to leave the National Guard for tattoos that were deemed extremist. And he wrote in a recent book that, quote, "The military I loved, I fought for, I revered spit me out." Overall, the Army now has fewer four-star generals serving than it has in decades. They're some of the most combat-hardened, experienced leaders, and there are currently just five on active duty, down from 10 when Hegseth took office.领导层真空与军事挑战
中文翻译： 在这些几乎所有解雇事件中，一个压倒性的主题是，没有给出真正明确的理由。而且通常被解雇的人也不知道自己为什么被解雇。格雷格·贾夫（Greg Jaffe）为《纽约时报》报道五角大楼的情况。他说，陆军内部对这种突然解雇浪潮的担忧正在增加，因为这可能会向外界传递一个信息，即对于那些与政府意识形态不一致的军官，没有立足之地，尽管军队本应是超党派的。与此同时，格雷格表示，领导层真空也可能影响军队在战场上的准备情况。陆军目前有几个非常重要的任务。其中一项是保护中东部队免受伊朗导弹袭击。伊朗导弹袭击正变得越来越复杂，因此，你需要领导层关注如何应对新的伊朗战术？他们正在使用机动导弹等手段，在某些情况下，他们已经能够压倒美国的防空系统。所以，你需要一个由高级军官组成的完整队伍，确保我们考虑了所有选择。另一个担忧是更长期的担忧，即你希望未来有一个优秀的领导者梯队，而担心这个领导力和经验，特别是战斗经验，正在被削弱。陆军的一位发言人在一份声明中淡化了解雇的影响，并表示：“我们的全球准备状态从未受到损害。”
Original English
The overwhelming theme with almost all of these dismissals is that there's no real clear reason given. And often the people who are fired don't know why they've been fired. Greg Jaffe covers the Pentagon for the times. He says that there is growing concern in the army that the wave of abrupt firings could send a message that there's no place for officers who don't align with the administration's ideology, even though the military is supposed to be non-partisan. At the same time, Greg says there are also concerns that the leadership vacuum could affect the army's readiness on the battlefield. The army's got a couple of really important jobs right now. One is to protect troops in the Middle East from Iranian missile strikes. Iranian missile strikes are becoming increasingly sophisticated, and so, you know, you want leadership focused, the top leadership focused on how do you adjust to the new Iranian tactics? They're using maneuverable missiles and things like that, then in some cases they've been able to overwhelm US air defense systems. So, you want a full contingent of senior officers who are making sure that we're looking at every option. There are the other concern is the longer-term concern, which is you want to have a bench of good leaders going forward, and the worry is that that bench of leadership and experience, particularly combat experience, is really being thinned out. In a statement, a spokeswoman for the army downplayed the impact of the firings and said that, quote, "Our global readiness is never compromised."选举季的民调混乱
中文翻译： 昨晚，一些本季最终的初选结果出来了，为中期选举锁定了对决。昨晚真是精彩。其中一个最引人注目的是在南卡罗来纳州，已故参议员林赛德·格雷厄姆（Lindsey Graham）的妹妹达琳·格雷厄姆（Darlene Graham）赢得了她的初选。她没有立法经验，但特朗普总统大力推动她正式接管她兄弟的席位，她目前正在临时填补这个职位。今晚是一个巨大的胜利，但它不是终点。事实上，它是更宏大斗争的起点。随着事情现在从初选转向选举日，民主党和共和党正在为国会控制权而竞争，而民调显示，这可能将演变成一系列越来越激烈的竞争。但今年给局势蒙上迷雾的一件事是，一些民调数据是多么混乱和混乱。你知道，我们看到了一些民调结果完全偏离实际，与最终结果大相径庭的民调。我们看到了关于调查的民调备忘录，有人试图影响舆论的尝试，以及我们看到了民调中民调员改变数字的例子，因为他们与他们对比赛的预期读数不一致。里德·爱泼斯坦（Reed Epstein）为《纽约时报》报道政治。他说，今年尤其糟糕的数据在密歇根州、加利福尼亚州、内华达州和威斯康星州的民主党竞争中被分享和放大了。在那个州，一位州长候选人甚至因为数字表明谁会是赢家而退出初选，尽管他后来谈论的竞争对手最终输了。这种不准确或错误或捏造的民调激增让政治中的每个人都更难。它让选民更难理解谁更具当选性。它让那些试图用金钱支持哪位候选人的捐助者更难弄清楚。最重要的是，它让那些看到这些民调的候选人更难掌握他们目前的位置以及他们需要传达什么样的信息，以及对哪种类型的选民。记住重要的一点是，要对你认为可靠的民调类型保持一点批判性。通常，来自大型媒体组织的民调在发布民调背后的底层数据方面更透明，但我们并不一定能在那些有“斗志”或有他们支持的候选人的组织那里看到这一点。这才是区分人们应该相信或不相信这些民调的关键。
Original English
Last night, results came in for some of the final primaries of the season, locking in matchups for the midterms. What a night. What a night. One of the most notable was in South Carolina, where Darlene Graham, the sister of the late Senator Lindsey Graham, won her primary. She has no legislative experience, but President Trump pushed hard for her to officially take up her brother's seat, which she's been filling temporarily. Tonight is a great victory, but it's not the finish line. In fact, it is the starting line for an even bigger fight which lies ahead. As things now shift from primaries into a focus on election day, Democrats and Republicans are vying for control of Congress in what polls show could come down to a series of increasingly tight races. But, one thing that's been clouding the picture this year is how messy and even chaotic some polling data has been. You know, we've seen some polling that is wildly off base and not close to what the result eventually turned out to be. We've seen polling memos for surveys that were entirely made up, someone's attempts to influence the discourse, and we've seen examples of polling where the pollsters changed the numbers because they didn't line up with what their expected read of the race would be. Reed Epstein covers politics for the Times. He says especially bad data was shared and amplified this year in closely watched Democratic races in Michigan, California, Nevada, and Wisconsin. In that state, one primary candidate for governor even dropped out saying the numbers made it clear who the winner would be, even though the contender he was talking about later lost. This surge of inaccurate or wrong or made up polling makes everyone's job in politics harder. It makes it harder for voters to understand who is more electable. It makes it harder for donors who are trying to figure out which candidate to support with money. And probably most importantly, it makes it harder for the candidates who are seeing these polls to get a grip on where they are and what kind of message they need to be articulating and to which kind of voters. The important thing to remember is to be a little critical about what type of polling you view as reliable. Typically, polling from big media organizations tends to be more transparent in releasing the sort of the underlying data behind the polling, but we don't necessarily see that from organizations that have a dog in the fight or that have a candidate that they're backing in the race. And that's really the distinction to try to draw as people suss out which of these polls they should believe or not.特朗普政府的政策更新
中文翻译： 现在，关于特朗普政府的两个快速更新。首先，今天我宣布，加拿大将以美元对美元、利率对利率的方式匹配美国的关税。加拿大政府已经兑现了对特朗普政府最新一轮关税的报复威胁。这完全是公平的问题，是支持加拿大工人、加拿大企业的。从下个月开始，加拿大将对所有运往北方的美国商品征收新的或增加的附加费。这包括从服装和洗碗机到钢铁和铝的所有东西。加拿大官员承认这可能会提高加拿大人商品的价格，经济学家表示，在这场升级的贸易战中，加拿大处于明显的劣势。它的经济规模大约是美国的一十二分之一，所以这些关税就像是把一个豌豆射手带入了一场枪战。对于特朗普总统的部分，他一直在加剧对加拿大的言论。他现在威胁要将安大略湖改名为美国湖。第二个更新是，特朗普政府正在采取措施，让美国人更难对拟议的数据中心进行表态。美国环保局（EPA）的新计划将废除一项联邦规则，该规则要求各州就新的工业设施（包括数据中心）的影响征求公众意见。这一举措可能会阻止住在拟议项目附近的居民对计划进行表态，甚至学习这些计划。近200个倡导团体和十几个州已经对这一变化表示反对，南方环境法中心的一位律师告诉《纽约时报》：“人们需要在看到推土机之前有机会发表意见。”作为《纽约时报》的提问，美国环保局的一位发言人表示，拟议的计划旨在负责任地加快许可审批，并让州和地方官员在如何与公众互动方面拥有更多的发言权。
Original English
Now, two quick updates on the Trump administration. First, Today, I'm announcing that Canada will match the United States tariffs, dollar for dollar, rate for rate. The Canadian government has followed through on its threat to retaliate against the Trump administration's latest round of tariffs. It's all about fairness. It's all about supporting Canadian workers and Canadian businesses. Starting next month, Canada will put new or increased surcharges on all kinds of American goods being shipped north. That includes everything from clothing and dishwashers to steel and aluminum. Officials in Canada acknowledge this will likely raise prices for Canadians, and economists say that in this escalating trade war, Canada is at a clear disadvantage. Its economy is about 1/12 the size of America's, so these tariffs are like bringing a pea shooter to a gun fight. For President Trump's part, he's been ramping up his rhetoric against Canada. He's now threatened to rename Lake Ontario to Lake America. And second update, the Trump administration is taking steps to make it harder for Americans to weigh in on proposed data centers. A new plan from the EPA would scrap a federal rule that requires states to get public input on the impact of new industrial facilities, including data centers. The move could prevent people who live near proposed projects from weighing in or even learning about the plans at all. Nearly 200 advocacy groups and more than a dozen states have come out to oppose the change with one attorney from the Southern Environmental Law Center telling the times quotes, "People need to have a chance to have a say before they see bulldozers." In response to questions from the times, a spokeswoman for the EPA said the proposed plan was intended to responsibly speed up permitting and give state and local officials more say over how to engage with the public.流行文化偶像的遗产
中文翻译： 美国流行文化巨星多莉·帕特农（Dolly Parton）昨天宣布，这位“大花”传奇人物已享年80岁去世。她最近在纳什维尔的一家医院的癌症中心接受治疗。在她六十年的职业生涯中，她统治了乡村音乐，成为美国流行文化中最受欢迎的偶像之一。所以，带着我裤子上的补丁和鞋子上的洞，帕特农过了一个真正的从底层到富有的故事。她出生于1946年田纳西州一个单间小屋，她的家人非常贫穷，她的父亲给医生送她一个玉米粉袋。我记得我们当时没有钱。像她很多生活经历一样，她把没有电、没有自来水的童年变成了歌曲。这里有一个小女孩，我知道你会真正爱上她，因为她早期的重大突破是在60年代的《波特旅行者秀》上。她被聘为该节目的“女孩歌手”，但很快就变得更加多姿多彩。她演唱了一首她曾大热的歌曲《笨女孩》（Dumb Blonde）。不过她不是一个笨女孩。漂亮的多莉·帕特农。她和旅行者一起发行了20多首热门合唱曲。然后，她单飞了。她那首巨大的热门歌曲《我永远爱你》（I Will Always Love You）是她向旅行者温柔的告别，因为她的明星已经超越了他。在一个已经达到神话地位的故事中，帕特农在一个星期内写下了那首歌和《Jolene》。在歌曲创作方面，她是一个不可阻挡的力量。音乐家艾米·哈里斯曾描述帕特农一边演唱一首歌一边写另一首歌。而仅仅是坐着，在桌子上敲击她那长长的亚克力指甲，据说就给她带来了朝九晚五的“咔嗒咔嗒”的节奏。几十年来，她不断发行专辑，一直到她晚年70年代，同时也在慈善事业上倾注精力。她的“想象力图书馆”项目分发了超过2亿本儿童读物。在疫情期间，她捐赠了一百万美元，帮助资助了莫德纳疫苗的开发。在商业方面，她有自己的主题公园，当然是多莉乐园（Dollywood）。就在今年夏天，她还在田纳西州一个多莉品牌卡车停靠站的开业活动上。在她的整个职业生涯中，她不仅登顶了排行榜，还获得了超过50个格莱美奖提名，并入选了乡村音乐名人堂、词曲作家名人堂和摇滚名人堂。帕特农知道人们对她的外貌，她创造的“金发炸弹”形象有很多关注。但她曾告诉《纽约时报》：“这不只是我全部。”她补充说：“希望人们能看到头发下面，知道大脑在那里；在胸部下面，知道心在那里；在所有其他东西后面，知道有些才华在那里。”我认为你从她去世后的反应中就能看到多莉·帕特农是多么受人普遍的喜爱。谈论她时仍然感觉很奇怪，用过去式说“她曾是”。她活得如此鲜活，在流行文化中，甚至在美国文化本身中，她都是如此的存在。林赛德·佐拉兹（Lindsay Zoladz）是《纽约时报》的一位音乐评论家。我认为她的魅力超越了政治分歧。她肯定超越了代际分歧。但她是一个在分裂的时代中非常罕见的人物，她真正拥有关于她团结精神的能力，并能将人们团结在一种共同的人性中。你还能对这一点说什么？你知道，多莉非常独特。
媒体与政治的迷雾
中文翻译： 这就是头条。今天，民主社会主义者是如何努力重塑民主党。你可以在《纽约时报》App或任何获取你播客的地方收听这些内容。如果你还没有订阅《纽约时报》，你现在下载《纽约时报》App可以免费获得一个月的全部访问权限。我是特雷西·芒福德。我们明天再回来。