特朗普关税案面临最高法院考验,多国社会议题引关注 New York Times Podcasts 2025-11-07

特朗普关税案在最高法院受审

来自《纽约时报》的头条新闻。我是威尔·贾维斯(Will Jarvis),代班特蕾西·芒福德(Tracy Mumford)。今天是11月6日星期四,以下是我们正在报道的内容。

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From the New York Times, it's the headlines. I'm Will Jarvis in for Tracy Mumford. Today's Thursday, November 6th. Here's what we're covering.

首席大法官阁下,法庭允许发言。4月2日,特朗普总统认定我们不断膨胀的贸易逆差已将我们推向经济和国家安全灾难的边缘。

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Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the court. On April 2nd, President Trump determined that our exploding trade deficits have brought us to the brink of an economic and national security catastrophe.

昨天在最高法院,大法官们审理了本期最重要的案件之一,他们审议了关于特朗普总统大范围使用关税(Tariffs: 对进口商品征收的税费)的论点。

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At the Supreme Court yesterday, the justices heard one of the most consequential cases of the term as they considered arguments about President Trump's aggressive use of tariffs.

该案件的核心问题是,特朗普在使用一项已有数十年历史的法律对进入美国的商品征收全面附加费时,是否超越了他的权限。

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The question at the center of the case is whether Trump overstepped his authority when he used a decades old law to impose sweeping sir charges on goods coming into the US.

我想在这里做一个非常重要的区分。我们不认为这里行使的是征税权,而是监管对外贸易的权力。

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I want to make a very important distinction here. We don't contend that what's being exercised here is the power to tax. It's the power to regulate foreign commerce.

政府律师辩称,该法律赋予总统广泛的权力来应对经济和国家安全威胁。

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Lawyers for the government argued that the law gives the president broad authority to respond to economic and national security threats.

过去的总统曾使用它来实施制裁或禁运等措施,但特朗普是第一位将其用于征收关税的总统。

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Past presidents have used it to impose things like sanctions or embargos. But Trump is the first president to use it for tariffs.

我就是不理解这个论点。这是国会的权力,而不是总统的征税权力。你们想说关税不是税,但它们正是税。它们正在从美国公民那里产生收入。

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I just don't understand this argument. It's a congressional power, not a presidential power to tax. And you want to say tariffs are not taxes, but that's exactly what they are. They're generating money from American citizens revenue.

法院的自由派大法官们对政府提出了尖锐质疑,保守派多数派中的几位关键成员也加入了他们的行列,他们似乎对特朗普征收大范围关税的权力持怀疑态度。

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The court's liberal justices sharply questioned the administration and they were joined by several key members of the conservative majority who seemed skeptical of Trump's authority to impose the widespread tariffs.

我的意思是,这些关税几乎是全面性的。那么,你们是否认为每个国家都因为对国防和工业基础的威胁而需要被征收关税?我的意思是,西班牙、法国,我能理解对某些国家这样做。

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I mean, these are kind of across the board. And so, is it your contention that every country needed to be tariffed because of threats to the defense and industrial base? I mean, it Spain, France, I mean, I could see it with some countries.

在周三的听证会之前,特朗普总统表示该案件“对我们国家来说简直是生死攸关”。特朗普的财政部长和商务部长也前往法庭旁听了辩论。

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Ahead of Wednesday's hearing, President Trump said the case was quote, "Literally life or death for our country." And Trump's Treasury Secretary and Commerce Secretary went to the courtroom to sit in on the arguments.

如果法院裁定政府败诉,该案件的结果可能在几周或几个月内决定。政府可能被迫退还美国迄今为止征收的数十亿美元关税收入的部分或全部。

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The outcome of the case could be decided in weeks or in months if the court rules against the administration. The government could be forced to refund some or all of the billions of dollars the US has collected in tariff revenue so far.

尽管如此,贸易专家表示,总统未来仍有其他方式对进口商品征税,包括使用一些鲜为人知的法律条款。

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Still, trade experts say there are other ways that the president could tax imports going forward, including by using some obscure legal provisions.

要了解更多关于听证会以及它对更广泛的总统权力可能意味着什么,请收听今天《The Daily》节目中与《泰晤士报》最高法院记者亚当·利普塔克(Adam Liptac)的对话。

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For more on the hearing and what it could mean for presidential power more broadly, listen to today's episode of The Daily with Times Supreme Court reporter Adam Liptac.

政府停摆导致航空管制与移民拘留问题

现在,关于特朗普政府的另外两个最新消息。我预计会有更多的混乱,会有挫折,但最终,我们唯一的职责是确保这个空域尽可能安全。

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Now, two more updates on the Trump administration. I anticipate there will be additional disruptions. Uh there will be frustration, but in the end, our sole role is to make sure that we keep this airspace as safe as possible.

交通部长肖恩·达菲(Shawn Duffy)表示,如果政府停摆(Government Shutdown: 因国会未能通过拨款法案导致政府非核心部门停止运作)继续,联邦政府将从明天开始限制全国40个最繁忙机场的空中交通。

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Transportation Secretary Shawn Duffy says that the federal government will limit air traffic at 40 of the country's busiest airports starting tomorrow if the government shutdown continues.

新的限制可能导致在一年中最繁忙的旅行季节,数千个航班被取消。达菲表示,此举将减轻空中交通管制员的一些压力。

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The new limits could lead to thousands of flights being cancelled going into the busiest travel season of the year. Duffy said the move would lift some pressure from air traffic controllers.

他们已经几周没有领到工资了,而且由于全国范围内的人员短缺(Staffing Shortages: 员工数量不足以满足工作需求),许多人在停摆前就已经在加班。

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They haven't been paid for weeks, and many were working overtime shifts before the shutdown due to staffing shortages across the country.

空中交通管制员的缺勤已经导致了严重的延误。最近几周,达菲关于航空旅行中断的日益严峻的警告,带有明显的政治色彩,因为政府试图向民主党施压以结束停摆。

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Air traffic controller absences have already led to significant delays. In recent weeks, Duffy's increasingly dire warnings around disruptions to air travel have been notably political as the administration has tried to turn up pressure on Democrats to end the shutdown.

此外,伊利诺伊州的一名联邦法官已命令移民官员改善芝加哥附近一个拘留中心的条件,他曾将这些条件描述为“不必要的残酷”。

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Also, a federal judge in Illinois has ordered immigration officials to improve conditions at a detention center near Chicago, conditions he had described as unnecessarily cruel.

他说,政府必须向被拘留者提供淋浴、干净的水和接触律师的机会等。

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He said the government must provide detainees with showers, clean water, and access to lawyers, among other things.

这项命令是在几名前被拘留者告诉法官该设施条件恶劣,没有肥皂、没有床、垃圾遍地,有些人睡在水泥地上之后一天发出的。

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The order came a day after several former detainees told the judge about the site's squalid conditions with no soap, no beds, garbage everywhere, and some people sleeping on the concrete floor.

尽管该设施最初设计用于短期拘留,但随着政府在芝加哥加大移民打击力度,一些人已被关押数日。

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While the facility was designed for short-term detention, some people have been locked up there for days as the administration has ramped up its immigration crackdown in Chicago.

国土安全部(Department of Homeland Security)的一位发言人在一份声明中表示,被拘留者关于中心条件差的说法是“虚假的”。法官要求联邦官员在明天中午前提交一份关于进展的报告。

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In a statement, a spokeswoman for the Department of Homeland Security said detainees claims of poor conditions at the center are quote false. The judge gave federal officials until midday tomorrow to submit a report on their progress.

墨西哥总统谢因鲍姆呼吁打击性骚扰

在墨西哥,总统克劳迪娅·谢因鲍姆(Claudia Sheinbaum)表示,她已对一名在街上对她进行猥亵(Groped: 非礼、触摸他人身体)的男子提起刑事诉讼,这一事件被摄像机捕捉到,震惊了全国许多人。

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In Mexico, President Claudia Shanebond says she's filed a criminal complaint against a man who groped her on the street, an incident that was caught on camera and shocked many in the country.

事件发生在周二。当时她正在墨西哥城中部开会间隙步行,这名男子走近她,试图亲吻她,并将手放在她的胸部。该男子已被逮捕。

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It happened on Tuesday. She was walking between meetings in central Mexico City when the man approached her, moved to kiss her, and put his hands on her chest. He has since been arrested.

谢因鲍姆在新闻发布会上说:“如果这种事能发生在总统身上,那么我们国家所有的年轻女性和女性会遭遇什么?”

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Speaking at a press conference, Shane Bomb said, "If this can happen to the president, what's going to happen to all the young women and women across our country?"

谢因鲍姆是墨西哥首位女总统,她将结束对女性的暴力作为其竞选活动的核心内容。事件发生后,她表示将要求官员重新考虑性骚扰(Sexual Harassment: 以性为目的的言语或行为)在所有墨西哥州甚至联邦层面都不是犯罪的事实。

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Shane Bomb is Mexico's first female president and she made ending violence against women a centerpiece of her campaign. After the incident, she said she would ask officials to reconsider the fact that sexual harassment is not a crime in all Mexican states or even a federal crime.

这起备受关注的案件促使许多墨西哥女性反思,即使在白天公共场所行走时,被猥亵是多么普遍。

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The high-profile case has prompted many Mexican women to reflect on how common it is to be groped even while walking in public during the day.

许多《泰晤士报》采访的女性回忆说,她们尤其在公共交通上曾被不恰当地触摸。

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Many women the Times spoke with recalled being touched inappropriately on public transit in particular.

研究该国基于性别的暴力问题的人士表示,谢因鲍姆决定公开发声并提出指控,是对现状的重大改变,其中一人说:“这传递了一个重要信息,即这种暴力是完全真实的。”

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People who studied gender-based violence in the country said Shanebomb's decision to speak out and press charges was a meaningful change in the status quo with one saying quote, "It sends an important message that such violence is completely real."

飓风“梅丽莎”与气候变化的影响

今天早上发布的一项新分析发现,上周肆虐牙买加和加勒比部分地区的飓风“梅丽莎”(Hurricane Melissa: 一种热带气旋)因气候变化(Climate Change: 由人类活动引起的全球气候模式的长期变化)而变得更加猛烈和强烈。

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A new analysis released this morning found that Hurricane Melissa, which ravaged Jamaica and parts of the Caribbean last week, was made more violent and more intense by climate change.

这些发现来自“世界天气归因”(World Weather Attribution)组织,该组织研究燃烧化石燃料与干旱、热浪和飓风等极端天气之间的联系。

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The findings come from world weather attribution, a group that looks at the links between burning fossil fuels and extreme weather like droughts, heat waves, and hurricanes.

研究人员发现,“梅丽莎”比在没有人为气候变化影响的情况下,风力更强,降雨量也显著增加。

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The researchers found that Melissa had stronger winds and produced significantly more rain than it would have had it happened without the impact of man-made climate change.

这部分是因为飓风从海洋热量中获取能量,而“梅丽莎”形成时,加勒比海的水温升高了。

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That's partly because hurricanes draw energy from ocean heat and water temperatures in the Caribbean were elevated when Melissa formed.

同时,《泰晤士报》记者一直在牙买加受灾最严重的地区之一——黑河镇进行实地报道。

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Meanwhile, Times reporters have been on the ground reporting from one of the hardest hit parts of Jamaica, the town of Black River.

飓风摧毁了那里几乎所有的建筑物。居民和急救人员过去一周一直在努力开始恢复工作,尽管电力中断,电话服务仍然不通。

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The hurricane destroyed almost every single building there. Residents and first responders have spent the last week trying to begin the process of recovery, even as electricity is out and phone service is still down.

有些人睡在车里。许多《泰晤士报》采访的警察、消防员和医生表示,他们甚至还没有去查看自己的房屋,尽管他们认为已经一无所有了。

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Some people have been sleeping in cars. And many of the police, firefighters, and doctors that the Times talked with said they haven't even gone to check on their own houses yet, though they assume there's nothing left.

全国各地,当局仍在努力清理道路,并联系受困社区。风暴造成的死亡人数现已上升至30多人。

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Across the country, authorities are still working to clear roads and reach stranded communities. The death toll from the storm has now risen to more than 30 people.

约会应用中的AI新趋势

最后,在过去几年里,约会应用一直在与他们所谓的“绝望循环”作斗争。

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And finally, in the past few years, dating apps have struggled with what they call the cycle of despair.

你下载一个应用,滑动一堆匹配对象,然后得不到回应或被**“幽灵化”**(Ghosted: 指在没有任何解释的情况下突然停止与某人联系),然后删除应用,几个月后又重新下载。

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You download an app, swipe on a bunch of matches, and then don't get responses or get ghosted and delete the app only to redownload it a few months later.

这些问题严重损害了约会应用背后的公司。随着人们越来越不愿意为订阅付费,约会应用本身也在努力赚钱。

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These issues have really hurt the companies behind the dating apps. And as people are less willing to pay for subscriptions, the dating apps themselves are struggling to make money.

所以现在他们正试图提出一个新计划来扭转业务,这涉及到人工智能(AI: Artificial Intelligence: 模拟人类智能的计算机系统)。

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So now they're trying to come up with a new plan to turn their businesses around, and that involves AI.

伊莱·坦(Eli Tan)是《泰晤士报》的一名科技记者,一直在报道从Tinder等顶级品牌到新兴AI原生初创公司的约会应用中的AI应用。

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Eli Tan is a technology reporter at the Times who's been covering the AI of dating apps from top brands like Tinder to new AI native startups.

他说,这些应用正在推出一系列工具。一个例子是,有一项AI媒人服务(AI Matchmaker Service: 利用人工智能算法帮助用户匹配约会对象的服务),让你花大约半小时与一个聊天机器人(Chatbot: 模拟人类对话的计算机程序)通电话,它会问你关于你正在寻找什么样的人的问题。

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He says there's a whole range of tools the apps are rolling out. One example, there's an AI matchmaker service that has you spend about a half hour on a phone call with a chatbot that asks you questions about the kind of person you're looking for.

然后它会向你收取25美元,为你提供一个据说非常合适的定制匹配对象。

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It then charges you 25 bucks for a single custom match who's supposedly a great fit.

还有Grinder应用,它有一个所谓的AI僚机(AI Wingman: 提供约会或社交场合对话建议的人工智能助手),提供对话建议。

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There's also the app Grinder, which has what it calls an AI wingman that gives conversation advice.

而Hinge则允许你使用AI来审查你的个人资料并提供关于如何调整的反馈。

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And Hinge lets you use AI to review your profile and give feedback about what to tweak.

这些功能是否会流行起来还有待观察,但许多人已经开始使用它们。我采访的一个名叫艾玛(Emma)的25岁旧金山人,她尝试了AI媒人服务,她对约会感到紧张,但最终进展顺利。

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It's still yet to be seen if these features will catch on, but a lot of people are already turning to them. One person I talked to named Emma was a 25-year-old in San Francisco. She tried out the AI matchmaker, and she was nervous about the date, but it ended up going great.

他们在酒吧聊了几个小时,之后交换了号码,并表示期待第二次约会。

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They talked for multiple hours at a bar and afterwards they exchanged numbers and said they were looking forward to a second date.

但最终,他“幽灵化”了她,再也没有回复她的短信。

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But in the end, he ghosted her and never text her back.

我认为这提醒我们,AI和算法对我们的约会生活能做的也只有这么多。最终,仍然是两个人之间进行交流。

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I think it's a reminder that the AI and the algorithms can only do so much for our dating lives. And in the end, it's still going to be two human beings that are talking to each other.

以上就是头条新闻。我是威尔·贾维斯。我们明天将带来最新消息和周五新闻问答。

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Those are the headlines. I'm Will Jarvis. We'll be back tomorrow with the latest updates and the Friday news quiz.

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