澳大利亚首禁16岁以下青少年使用社交媒体:全球首例与后续影响 New York Times Podcasts 2025-12-10

澳大利亚出台全球首个青少年社交媒体禁令

来自《纽约时报》,这是今日头条新闻。我是特蕾西·姆姆福德(Tracy Mumford)。

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From the New York Times, it's the headlines. I'm Tracy Mumford.

今天是12月10日,星期三。以下是我们今天报道的内容。

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Today's Wednesday, December 10th. Here's what we're covering.

截至今天早上,澳大利亚已成为世界上第一个禁止16岁以下儿童使用社交媒体的国家。今天,成千上万的青少年醒来时发现自己已被踢出了他们的账户。

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As of this morning, Australia has become the first country in the world to ban social media for children under the age of 16. Today, hundreds of thousands of teenagers there woke up to find they'd been kicked out of their accounts.

澳大利亚的法律专门适用于TikTok、Snapchat、Instagram、YouTube、Reddit以及其他少数几个网站。如果这些公司未能移除未成年用户,它们将面临数千万美元的罚款。

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Australia's law applies specifically to Tik Tok, Snapchat, Instagram, YouTube, Reddit, and a handful of other sites. And the companies face tens of millions of dollars in fines if they don't remove underage users.

“我们的社交媒体法律不是万能药,但它们是一个治疗方案。我们希望孩子们拥有童年,我们希望父母能安心。”

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Our social media laws are not a cure, but they are a treatment plan. We want children to have their childhood, and we want parents to have peace of mind.

澳大利亚官员对此项他们称之为“世界领先”的立法感到非常自豪,该立法旨在真正解决社交媒体带来的危害、负面的心理健康影响、网络欺凌以及与之相关的网络剥削问题。

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Australian officials here are incredibly proud of this what they call worldleading legislation to try and really do something about the harms of social media, the negative mental health impacts and the cyber bullying and the online exploitation that have been associated with it.

但在我与澳大利亚的青少年及其父母进行的所有交谈中,许多人都怀疑这在实际操作层面是否真的有效。

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But in all the conversations I've been having with Australian teenagers and their parents, there's a lot of skepticism that it will actually work on a practical level.

维多利亚·金(Victoria Kim)是《纽约时报》驻悉尼的澳大利亚记者。在与这些青少年交谈时,他们是地道的数字原住民。许多人最初注册时就谎报了自己的年龄。

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Victoria Kim is the Times Australia correspondent based in Sydney. In talking to these teenagers, they're very much digital natives. Many of them have lied about their age in the first place when they signed up.

许多人知道如何使用VPN(Virtual Private Network: 虚拟专用网络)。今天,许多目前未被禁用的替代应用正在流行并被积极下载。因此,许多14至15岁的孩子似乎毫不怀疑他们可以绕过并智胜这项禁令。

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Many of them know how to use VPN. Today, a lot of the alternative apps that are not currently banned are trending and being downloaded actively. So many 14- 15 year olds seem to have no doubt that they can get around this ban and outsmart it.

维多利亚表示,澳大利亚的新法律在某种程度上是一个试验案例。包括欧盟和马来西亚在内的其他地区的官员正在制定自己的计划,以实施类似的限制,并将密切关注澳大利亚的禁令对年轻青少年会产生何种影响(如果有的话)。

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Victoria says Australia's new law is something of a test case. Officials in other places, including the European Union and Malaysia, are making their own plans to put in place similar restrictions and will be watching to see what, if any, effect Australia's ban has on young teenagers.

美国青少年在线时间与经济论调

与此同时,皮尤研究中心(Pew Research Center)的一份新报告提供了美国儿童在线时间分配情况的快照。昨天发布的这项调查发现,大多数13至17岁的青少年每天都会使用YouTube和TikTok,并且大约有20%的人表示他们几乎是持续不断地使用其中一个平台。

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Meanwhile, a new report from the Pew Research Center gives a snapshot of how American children are spending their time online. The survey, which was released yesterday, found that most 13 to 17year-olds use YouTube and Tik Tok daily and that roughly 20% say they are on one of those platforms almost constantly.

一位《纽约时报》就该报告采访的一位心理学家表示,她的主要担忧之一是,每天使用这些应用数小时的儿童可能会失去建立面对面联系和友谊的机会。她说:“并不是说观看任何一个YouTube视频都会把他们变成南瓜。但如果他们几乎一直在看,他们错过了什么呢?”

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One psychologist the Times talked with about the report said that one of her primary concerns is that children who use the apps for hours a day could be losing the opportunity to build in-person connections and friends, saying, quote, "It's not that watching any one YouTube video is going to turn them into a pumpkin. But if they are on it almost constantly, what are they missing?"

在宾夕法尼亚州,昨晚,

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In Pennsylvania last night,

“我们的国家在短短10个月内变得如此强大。想想看。甚至不到一年。”

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>> our country's become so strong in a such a 10 months. Think of it. It's not even a year.

特朗普总统启动了一系列旨在解决美国人对生活成本担忧的活动。自重返白宫以来,他一直承诺,他对美国贸易政策的全面改革将使就业机会迅速回归并降低价格。但这尚未发生。随着许多人对经济感到悲观,这使得白宫处于危机公关的状态。

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>> President Trump kicked off the first in a series of events intended to address Americans concerns about the cost of living. Since returning to office, he's promised that his overhaul of US trade policies would bring jobs roaring back and lower prices. But that hasn't happened yet. And with many people feeling pessimistic about the economy, it's put the White House on damage control.

“但他们有了一个新词。你知道,他们总是有个‘骗局’(hoax)。这个新词是‘可负担性’(affordability)。”

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>> But they have a new word. You know, they always have a hoax. The new word is affordability.

特朗普声称,所谓的“可负担性危机”是民主党人推动的一个骗局。他还声称,“在他的政府下,通货膨胀已经停止了。”然而,根据政府的最新数据显示,通胀率几乎与拜登任期结束时完全相同,接近3%。

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>> Trump claimed that the idea of an affordability crisis is a hoax pushed by Democrats. And that quote, "Inflation has stopped under his administration. Though, according to recent government data, it's almost exactly where it was at the end of Biden's term, running close to 3%."

总而言之,特朗普的演讲持续了大约90分钟。

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In all, Trump's speech ran for about 90 minutes.

“我玩得很开心。我玩得很开心。我几乎没有照着那个愚蠢的提词器念。”

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>> I have fun. I have fun. I haven't read practically anything off the stupid teleprompter.

在此期间,他经常偏离活动预定的经济焦点,攻击跨性别美国人和来自他所称的“地狱洞国家”的移民。

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>> During that time, he frequently veered off topic from the event's intended economic focus, attacking transgender Americans and immigrants from what he called hellhole countries.

现在,关于特朗普政府的另外两个最新消息。大多数欧洲国家,它们正在衰落。它们正在衰落。

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Now, two more updates on the Trump administration. Most European nations u they're they're decaying. They're decaying.

在昨天发布给《政客》(Politico)的一篇采访中,特朗普总统再次加重了对欧洲的批评。

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>> In an interview with Politico that was released yesterday, President Trump doubled down on his criticism of Europe.

“他们应该对他们正在对自己的国家做的事情感到恐慌。他们正在摧毁他们的国家。”

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>> They should be freaked out by what they're doing to their countries. They're destroying their countries.

总统抨击了欧洲领导人的移民政策,就在白宫发布一份战略文件几天之后。该文件称,欧洲大陆正走在变得面目全非的道路上,并面临着“文明被抹去”的可能性。该文件建议美国应支持那些反对移民和宣扬民族主义的欧洲政党。

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The president blasted European leaders for their immigration policies just days after the White House put out a strategy paper saying the continent's on the path to becoming unrecognizable and that it faces the possibility of civilizational eraser. The document said the US should support European political parties that fight migration and promote nationalism.

该文件似乎还暗示美国不应再保证欧洲的安全,这与数十年的二战后政策形成了鲜明对比。一位意大利官员称之为对欧盟的“正面攻击”。

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The paper also seemed to suggest that the US should no longer guarantee Europe's security, a stark shift in decades of postworld war II policy. One Italian official called it a frontal attack on the EU.

司法文件释放与DNA隐私争议

此外,一位联邦法官为司法部释放更多与杰弗里·爱泼斯坦(Jeffrey Epstein)有关的文件铺平了道路,特别是那些来自对其长期同伙吉莱恩·麦克斯韦尔(Ghislaine Maxwell)的调查文件,她因协助爱泼斯坦贩运未成年人而被定罪。

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>> Also, a federal judge cleared the way for the Justice Department to release more files related to Jeffrey Epstein, specifically those from the investigation into his longtime companion, Galain Maxwell, who was convicted of helping Epstein traffic minors.

这些文件是政府根据国会通过的法律,被要求在下周五前公开的一大批证据的一部分。这可能包括银行记录、逮捕报告、面谈记录和飞行日志。不过,一些文件仍可能被删节,因为法律要求保护受害者的姓名,并允许政府扣留可能危及任何正在进行的调查的信息。

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The files are part of a broader trove of evidence that the government is required to make public by next Friday after Congress passed a law ordering their release. That could include bank records, arrest reports, interview notes, and flight logs. Though some files still might be redacted since the law requires victims names to be shielded and says the government can withhold information that could jeopardize any active investigations.

在过去的几年里,由于家谱网站(genealogy websites: 基于DNA的家族树追踪服务)的出现,突然有很多悬案得到了侦破。

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Over the last few years, there's been a flurry of cold cases suddenly getting solved thanks to genealogy websites.

警方和业余侦探都利用这些网站来追踪族谱,并根据在犯罪现场收集的DNA样本找到密切匹配的人。Ancestry.com一直是这一领域的主要工具,但Ancestry最近更新了其条款和条件,明确表示除非有法律命令或搜查令(这可能很难获得),否则该网站禁止用于其所谓的执法目的。

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Both police and amateur slleuths have used the sites to trace family trees and find close matches for DNA profiles based off evidence collected at crime scenes. A main tool in this has been ancestry.com, but Ancestry recently updated its terms and conditions to make clear that it's off limits for what it called law enforcement purposes unless there's a legal order or warrant, which can be hard to get.

该公司的一位发言人表示,他们只是澄清一项长期政策,即该网站仅用于家族史研究,而非犯罪侦破。但一些调查人员担心,Ancestry的新条款可能会减缓甚至阻碍他们的工作。例如,新泽西州一所大学下属的一个组织,该组织利用DNA研究帮助侦破了几十起案件,他们表示上个月收到了邮件,称其Ancestry账户因违反网站规定而被取消。

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A spokeswoman for the company said it was merely clarifying a long-standing policy, that the site is intended solely for family history research, not crimesolving. But some investigators are worried that Ancestry's new terms could slow down or stall their work. For example, one organization based at a college in New Jersey, which has helped solve dozens of cases using DNA research, said it got an email last month cancing the group's ancestry account for violating the site's rules.

总而言之,这种情况凸显了一个棘手的问题:在数百万人都自愿提交了DNA信息的家谱网站上,谁应该有权访问这些敏感数据?

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Overall, the situation highlights a thorny question about genealogy sites where millions of people have willingly submitted their DNA. Who should have access to that sensitive data?

旅游业转向AI影响者

最后,以下是五个绝对应该列入您旅行清单的“必去目的地”。第一个是拉萨拉斯(Lasalas)。

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And finally, these are five bucket list destinations that should definitely be on your list. The first is Lasalas.

正在计划度假的人们越来越多地从旅游影响者那里获取推荐。

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People out there planning their vacations increasingly get their recommendations from travel influencers.

“但我感觉每个人一生中至少需要去一次马蒂拉(Matira)。它是意大利最古老的城市,而且美食……”

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>> But I feel like everyone needs to visit Matira at least once in their life. It's the oldest city in Italy and eating.

根据Expedia的数据,75%的消费者表示,他们曾根据影响者的推荐预订了目的地、酒店或旅行的其他方面。但旅游公司和其他企业现在正转向使用AI生成的网红(AI created influencers: 由人工智能创建的虚拟人物,用于营销)来代替真人网红。

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According to data from Expedia, 75% of consumers said they'd taken an influencers's recommendation for a destination, a hotel or some other aspect of a trip. But travel companies and other businesses are now turning to AI created influencers instead of human ones.

它们看起来像真人,但尽管视频充斥着你的信息流,它们从未去过任何地方旅行,没有吃过任何东西,也没有欣赏过那完美的日落。

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They look like real people, but despite the videos filling your feeds, they've never traveled anywhere, eaten anything, or enjoyed that perfect sunset.

对于公司来说,使用这些虚假的AI影响者可以降低成本。他们不必付钱给真人来发布内容,不必免费提供一顿饭或一间房。他们还可以控制信息传递,获得他们想要的确切评价,并且可以更快地创建内容。

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For the companies, using the fake AI influencers allows them to lower costs. They don't have to pay a human to make a post. They don't have to comp a free meal or a room. They can also control the messaging, getting exactly the review they want, and they can create content more quickly.

但对于消费者来说,这只是让人们更模糊地分辨谁和什么值得信任。一位旅行者告诉《纽约时报》:“这东西甚至更不真实,因为它甚至没有与某人的真实生活经历联系起来。”

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But for consumers, it just blurs who and what to trust even more. One traveler told the Times, quote, "This stuff is even more inauthentic because it's not even connected to someone's real life experience."

以上就是今日头条新闻。在《每日新闻》中,时报调查记者乔迪·卡纳(Jodie Caner)解释了最高法院自由派大法官之间日益紧张的关系。你可以在《纽约时报》应用或任何你获取播客的地方收听。我是特蕾西·姆姆福德。我们明天再见。

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Those are the headlines. Today on the Daily, Times investigative reporter Jodie Caner explains the growing tensions between the liberal justices on the Supreme Court. You can listen to that in the New York Times app or wherever you get your podcasts. I'm Tracy Mumford. We'll be back tomorrow.

📌 文中提及的人物和组织

人物: Donald Trump

公司/组织: Pew Research Center, Expedia