中美峰会与经济脱钩的辩论
Jason: 大家好,欢迎回到世界排名第一的播客——All-In Podcast。第 273 期。这一周非常重要,Sacks 也在现场。我们请到了 Salesforce 的 CEO Mark Benioff。
Original English
Jason: All right, everybody. Welcome back to the number one podcast in the world, the allin podcast. Episode 273. It's a huge week. Saxs is our show. We got to get Mark Benioff, CEO of Salesforce.
Mark Benioff: 这里只剩下我一个人了,这就是我为什么能上节目的原因。
Original English
Mark Benioff: I'm the only one left here. That's why that's how I made it on.
Jason: 没有软件公司的 CEO 去中国吗?
Original English
Jason: No software CEOs, right, to China.
Mark Benioff: 中国没有软件公司的 CEO。
Original English
Mark Benioff: There's no software uh CEOs in China.
Jason: 有趣。那你收到邀请了吗?你现在和这届政府的关系如何?因为你以前显然以左翼民主党人闻名,而现在你似乎进入了川普的阵营,到底是怎么回事?
Original English
Jason: Interesting. But did you get the invite? What's your what's your status with this administration because you were obviously very famous for, you know, being a Democrat on the left? Um, and What are you talking about? You donated to all these folks and now you're kind of in Trump's camp. What is it?
Mark Benioff: 听着,最重要的一点是,我是来支持这个国家的。这就是我所做的。我既不是民主党人也不是共和党人,我是一个独立人士,我是个美国人。
Original English
Mark Benioff: Listen, um, uh, the number one thing is, hey, I'm here to support the country. That's what I do. I'm not a Democrat or Republican. You're an independent. I'm an American.
Jason: 我喜欢这个回答。Benioff 收到了两张最热门的门票:一张是温莎城堡的邀请,一张是沙特晚宴。好了,进入正题。川普与习主席的峰会已经开始。由于伊朗战争推迟了两个月,这是自 2017 年以来首次访问中国。这是川普与习主席的第七次面对面会晤。
今天的第一天,中国同意保持霍尔木兹海峡开放,且不承担军事义务,并认为伊朗不应拥有核武器。在台湾问题上,有点火药味。习警告说,“如果处理不当,两国将发生碰撞甚至冲突,使整个中美关系陷入极其危险的境地”。博彩市场 Polymarket 显示,2026 年台湾是安全的,今年开战的概率只有 6%。
在贸易方面,习承诺购买更多的大豆、美国石油、液化天然气(LNG)和 200 架波音喷气机。川普对他与习的友谊赞不绝口。Friedberg,你一直痴迷于这种关系。你对此有何看法?对川普和习来说,什么是“赢”?
Original English
Jason: Okay. I like it. Benioff got the invite to the two hottest tickets... All right. Well, we have a big docket here. The Trumpi summit has begun. That is the number one story right now after a two-month delay because of the war in Iran. This is the first visit to China since 2017. Seventh face-to-face meeting for Trump and President Xi... China agreed that the straight of Hormuz should remain open... On Taiwan, this is a little spicy. She warned that quote if handled poorly the two countries will collide or even clash... Poly market says Taiwan is safe for 2026 only 6% chance China invades this year... On trade, She committed to buy more soybeans, US oil, LNG, and 200 Boeing jets... Freedberg, you uh have been a bit obsessed with this relationship and the bipolar nature of it. What are your thoughts here?
Friedberg: 习在开场白中提到,理想情况下美中两国应避免修昔底德陷阱。回顾一下,当一个崛起的大国遇到一个衰落的大国时,总会存在冲突的时刻。问题是,美中能否找到合作之路?
在资源扩张的世界里,通过 AI、自动化和生物技术实现真正的丰盈,也许我们不需要冲突。我们可以让世界变得更加多极化,而不是两极。大家都可以分享增长的蛋糕。如果川普能带着一系列增加就业保障、繁荣和收入水平的贸易协议走出来,那将是巨大的胜利。更重大的战略问题是:我们能否制定一条经济合作的道路,不互相吞噬,而是分享更大的蛋糕?
Original English
Friedberg: I mean, she made comments in his uh opening remarks that it would be ideal if the United States and China could avoid the Thusidities trap... can the US and China avoid conflict and find a path to cooperation... perhaps there's a way that uh both societies, both countries can increase the quality of life for their people without taking it away from the other side. And in a world where you're more resource constrained or resource static, that becomes less possible... It seems like the perfect moment to say hey maybe the world can be more multipolar... Is there a way to kind of look at the next 30 years and ask the question, how do we all share proportionally in growing the pie and not find ourselves in a moment of conflict where we assume the pie is static?
Jason: Chamath,川普为什么要带这么多 CEO 随行?成功的标准是什么?
Original English
Jason: Chimoth, why is Trump bringing all of these CEOs with him and what does success look like uh coming out of this meeting?
Chamath: 我认为通过经济合作可以找到解决办法。中国是世界上最大的消费经济体,但大部分仍然处于封闭状态。带上财务火力的目的是为了渗透那个市场:飞机、汽车、芯片等硬设备。
我一直说,中国人是自上而下的儒家社会哲学,而美国人是自下而上的个人主义结构。这种差异其实给了我们很大的合作空间。今天早上有一位资深民主党朋友给我打电话,他说媒体全搞错了,他们纠结于为什么要带这些 CEO。现实是,通往无冲突、缓和局势的最简单路径就是经济缠绕。而且必须是双向的,多年来他们一直在向我们发送他们想要的廉价商品。在闭门会议上,他们可能只是在商量如何瓜分蛋糕。
Original English
Chamath: I think that you find a resolution and a path forward with China through economic cooperation. It's the largest consumer economy in the world. It's still largely closed off. And so I think what this is was about bringing some amount of financial firepower with them so that they could start to penetrate that market... The fact that we're so different actually gives us a lot of room to find cooperation and not find conflict... the simplest and shest path to a no conflict dant with China is economic entanglement and it has to be birectional... behind closed doors they're probably just figuring out how to divide the pie.
Jason: 瓜分哪块蛋糕?全球经济?
Original English
Jason: Uh unpack that for a second. divide which pie the the globe the economy the the western hemisphere versus
Chamath: 中国仍然需要大量能源,也需要美国提供的关键技术。这里存在交易:我们希望他们在某些地区降低参与度,最重要的是中南美洲,其次是中东。作为交换,他们可以获得稀土、石油,大家各取所需。
Original English
Chamath: look China China still needs a lot of energy they also need a lot of critical technologies that America provides and so I think that there's a trade there... There are certain regions of the world where we want them to deescalate their participation in central South America... and then the second is probably in the Middle East...
顶级推销员与中国市场
Jason: Mark,去年我们还在搞关税和脱钩,说要能源独立、原料独立。现在我们又坐到桌前建立连接。在商业层面,两国应该深度交织吗?
Original English
Jason: They also uh Mark need customers... Tariffs obviously last year sticking it to China in a pretty hard way. the decoupling after COVID... Now, we're kind of saying, hey, let's come to the table and build connective tissue. So, sort that out for us on a business level.
Mark Benioff: 你今天听到习主席说他想要一扇“更宽的大门”。这意味着他希望两国间的商业之门开得更大。我们有绝对最顶尖的推销员在那里。不仅是我们的总统——他是我见过最好的推销员之一,还有 Elon、卖芯片的 Jensen、卖飞机的 Kelly Ortberg,还有卖大豆的 Brian Sikes(Cargill 的 CEO)。
名单上的每一位 CEO 都是该领域的顶级销售,他们会带着订单回来。商业是改变现状最伟大的平台。不要忘记,这不是川普和习的第一次会晤,他们真的很喜欢对方,非常有共鸣,而且都有销售导向。
Original English
Mark Benioff: Well, you heard it today from President Xi when he said he wants a wider door... We have our absolute best salespeople there. Not just our president... but also we've got Elon, we've got Jensen selling chips, Kelly Ortberg selling planes... Brian is selling soybeans... Each one is our best salesperson in this category and they're going to come back with orders... Don't forget, this isn't Trump's and she's first meeting. These guys really like each other... They have a sales orientation.
Jason: 我有个问题,你被允许在中国销售软件吗?
Original English
Jason: I have a question for you. Are you allowed to sell software in China?
Mark Benioff: 中国有很多数据驻留法。我们在中国没有任何办公室或员工。我们与 Alibaba 建立了独家合作伙伴关系,一切都通过他们进行。
我们的重要客户如 Louis Vuitton 或 Loro Piana,他们在全球使用 Salesforce,但在中国,是通过 Alibaba 运行的 Salesforce。代码还是我们的,但驻留在他们的服务器上。这是我们在世界上唯一采取这种做法的地方。
Original English
Mark Benioff: Well with the right the Chinese have a lot of data residency laws. So uh you know we we do it is we don't have any offices or employees in China... We have an exclusive partnership with Alibaba... It's still your code, but then it resides in their servers for data residency stuff... It's the only place in the world that we do such a thing.
Jason: 数据必须全部留在国内,且中共可以访问。这就是为什么 Elon 这么非凡,他在中国拥有 Tesla,没有合作伙伴,他是唯一的例外。你看习和 Elon 在一起时,他们是多么互相尊重。美国制造、中国工厂、布满摄像头的 AI 汽车在中国行驶,这太不可思议了。
Original English
Jason: Yeah. And it has to be all the data has to be kept in China. All the data has to be accessible by the CCP. That's why it's so extraordinary. By the way, what Elon has, you know, Elon has Tesla in China, no partnership... notice how differential and respectful they are of each other. And here is these AI cars with all these cameras, Americanmade, you know, um Chinese factories driving around China.
Mark Benioff: 我认为 Elon 是世界上最伟大的推销员。
Original English
Mark Benioff: I think Elon's the greatest salesman in the world.
Jason: 愤世嫉俗的看法是,他们想要他去那里研究他的创新,而现在他们通过 BYD 成为了最大的电动车竞争对手。
Original English
Jason: I mean the cynical take on a chim would be they wanted him there and they wanted to study the company and the innovation and they have now become the biggest competitor uh with their EVs
Mark Benioff: 我想要一辆新的 BYD,那种鸥翼门的。他们有些车真的很酷。
Original English
Mark Benioff: I want one of those new BYD golf... with the doors that flip flip up... Gwing BYDs they have some cool cars have you seen those.
Jason: 它们很酷,但不安全。如果中国 2 万或 3 万美元的汽车进入美国,会彻底掏空这里的汽车工业,美国汽车业一夜之间就会完结。
Original English
Jason: They're cool, but they're not safe... Uh would hollow out the entire automotive industry here if we had $20,000, $30,000 cars from China. It would be the end of the US automotive industry overnight.
芯片战争与台湾的未来
Jason: 抛开政治,问三个硬核问题:Mark,你认为我们应该卖给他们最新的芯片吗?
Original English
Jason: Three, three hard questions, Mark. Uh, should we be selling them the latest chips? Yes or no? In your mind,
Mark Benioff: 我认为这在目前已经无关紧要了。中国模型和美国模型一样具有竞争力,他们已经学会在没有最高端芯片的情况下制造模型。最高端芯片更多是我们的自我满足感。他们的模型非常优秀,是我们的“快速跟随者”。只要能卖的,我们可能都应该卖。经济合作越多,和平就越多。
Original English
Mark Benioff: I think it's irrelevant at this point. I think that the Chinese models are as competitive as these US models and they've learned to make these models without having the highest end chips... We probably should just sell whatever we can at this point... the more economic cooperation and collaboration is better.
Jason: Friedberg,你对芯片怎么看?
Original English
Jason: Freeberg, uh, your take on chips. Should we sell them latest chips?
Friedberg: 随着中国和美国大陆都在建立自己的晶圆厂,台湾对双方的重要性可能会降低。亚利桑那州的 TSMC 工厂已经在运行了。中国也在通过华为建立大量设施和半导体制造设备。如果大家都有了自己的芯片生产能力,台湾还那么重要吗?或许到了 2040 年,中国想把台湾完全纳入其势力范围时,美国从经济和安全角度已经不再那么在乎了。
我认为科技扩散会让所有人受益,降低冲突概率。如果你把技术禁锢在一边,必然导致冲突。
Original English
Friedberg: I think it's inevitable that they get there... maybe Taiwan becomes less relevant to the US and to China as both China and the US um, mainland FAB... as they build out their own semiconductor capital equipment systems and their own fabs, does Taiwan really matter?... technology should be held to one uh side of the world and not given to the other side of the world is inevitably going to lead to conflict... Whereas if you let technology diffuse and proliferate, everyone benefits and conflict indices go down.
Chamath: 再过 18 个月,台湾就不会像今天这样成为话题中心了。因为到那时我们的晶圆厂规模已经扩大。此外,卖掉芯片!我们想让 Nvidia 赢,不想给华为留下喘息的机会。我宁愿让 Jensen 赢,也不愿让华为赢。
Original English
Chamath: we're 18 months from Taiwan not being an important moment of conversation the way it is today... number two, sell the chips. And the reason we should sell the chips is we want Nvidia to win. We do not want to give enough oxygen for Huawei to then all of a sudden emerge and have a version of a chip that works.
Jason: Mark,如果中国封锁并决定接管台湾,美国应该保卫它吗?
Original English
Jason: Mark, I'm going to give you the last word, but I'm going to force you to answer a hard question. China sets up a blockade around Taiwan and they decide they're taking it. Should the US defend it?
Mark Benioff: 我多年来一直说,我认为这是一个伪命题。中国和台湾最终会和解。
Original English
Mark Benioff: I've said this for years. I I don't agree with Neil Ferguson on that point. I think that this is a nonsense issue. I think China and Taiwan will reconcile.
SaaS 末日与 AI 的 ROI 焦虑
Jason: 我们来谈谈 AI 对软件行业的影响。Mark,你正处在第一线。Salesforce 股价下跌了 37%,蒸发了 900 亿美元。ServiceNow、Workday、HubSpot 都遭遇了大跌。目前的假设是,AI 会让 Slack、Salesforce 或 HubSpot 变得多余,你只需要问 AI 就能解决问题。你如何应对这种“SaaS 末日”?
Original English
Jason: All right. AI's impact on software rippling through the market. Mark, you're on the front lines here... Salesforce down a whopping 37% 90 billion in losses for you... the assumption mark is that AI is going to make it unnecessary for you to use Slack or Salesforce or HubSpot... what's your response to the fear the criticism and how are you managing this massive change internally?
Mark Benioff: 你说得对,这是“SaaS 末日”。虽然这不是我经历的第一个末日,但确实是当下的。软件市场正在重定价。HubSpot 现在的估值只有销售额的 2 倍,这在以前从未见过。大家都在“AI 催眠”中,认为 AI 会替代一切,但我们还没在财务数字上看到这一点。
我告诉员工,不要沉迷于股价。我们要关注客户的成功。我们今年的营收仍将超过 460 亿美元,现金流 160 亿美元。你无法控制股价,但你可以控制创新的质量。一切都会变得更便宜、更高效。今年我在 Salesforce 内部使用了 3 亿美元的 Anthropic 代币来写代码。这种效率是前所未有的。
Original English
Mark Benioff: You're right. It's the SAS apocalypse... the market software market's rerated. It happens every now and then... HubSpot. They're trading at two times sales. I've never seen that before... There's like, you know, a hypnosis around AI... What I tell my employees... is look, you can't get drunk on the stock price... Everything's going to be cheaper to make. It's more efficient... I am going to probably use $300 million of Enthropic this year at Salesforce coding.
Chamath: 我认为市场的低端部分已经彻底完结了。但在 Mark 所在的高端市场,大体上是安全的。OpenAI 最近搞了一些 40 亿美元的融资交易,本质上是想建立一个足以挑战安永、普华永道的竞争对手。
大家很快就会问一个简单的问题:过去四年我们花了 3 万亿美元,这些代币的 ROI(投资回报率)在哪里?当市场不再对 AI 感到“呼吸急促”时,天平就会回摆。
Original English
Chamath: I think the low end of the market is basically finished. I think there there is no safe space. I think the high end of the market where Mark operates... is quite safe... Eventually, Jason, the next trade that has to happen is when the public markets become a little bit less breathless about AI and they ask one simple question. Okay, guys, you've spent $3 trillion in the last four years. What is the ROI of these tokens?
OpenAI 诉苹果与多感官 AI 时代
Jason: 突发新闻:OpenAI 正考虑起诉 Apple。两年前他们宣布将 ChatGPT 集成到 Siri,但现在 OpenAI 抱怨 Siri 仍要求用户必须明确说出“ChatGPT”才能获得结果,而且苹果根本没有推广这项集成。苹果则担心 OpenAI 的隐私做法,并对 OpenAI 挖走 Jony Ive 造硬件感到愤怒。Mark,发生了什么?
Original English
Jason: Breaking news. I want to get everybody's take on this. Open AAI in a breaking news story is considering suing Apple over their Chat GPT partnership... Apple chat GPT integration within Siri requires users to specifically say chat GPT to get results... they're annoyed that OpenAI... recruited their design guru, Johnny IV.
Mark Benioff: 现在的趋势是编码代理(Coding Agents)。Anthropic 证明了这一点,突然之间大家都意识到了它的威力。每个人都在调整重心。以前编码全靠人类,现在大家都在用语音、用踏板控制、用 Whisper 来编码,几乎不再有“手敲键盘”这回事了。
Original English
Mark Benioff: Listen, what has happened?... Enthropic was right... everybody's like, "Whoa, where did Enthropic go?" Oh, whoa, they're way up there... Coding agents. Everybody focus, focus... Pedal plus whisper flow and talking. There is no cans on keyboard anymore.
Jason: Mira Murati 发布了“思维机器”,新的实时世界模型。而苹果也获得了将摄像头放入 AirPods 的专利。这意味着这些持久性硬件设备将了解你的全部现实。这会导致代币使用量增加 1000 倍,因为它不再是基于轮次的对话,而是实时全天候查询 LLM。
Original English
Jason: mirror Mrage [Mira Murati] released thinking machines new real time world... Apple at the same time has patented putting cameras into your AirPods... these persistent hardware devices the watch the earpieces are going to know your entire reality... that will 1,000x the need for tokens if people are doing this for 8 hours a day.
Mark Benioff: 这是迈向 AGI 的一小步。我们一直认为 LLM 就是全部,但 LLM 只是关于语言。人类是生物计算机里的多感官模型(Multi-sensory model)。多感官模型是 AI 的下一个大浪潮。
至于代币成本,我不认为它会一直这么贵。未来会有一个中间层,它可以决定哪些任务需要发给 Anthropic,哪些可以由更便宜的小模型处理。边缘计算和云端会结合在一起。
Original English
Mark Benioff: it's one small step for man one giant leap towards AGI... multiensory models are the next big wave for AI... I think we're wasting a lot of these tokens... there needs to be some intermediary layer layer that's saying oh oh that one has to go to enthropic but these ones can handle by smaller models... the edge and the cloud are going to come together.
科学角落:超级厄尔尼诺警报
Friedberg: 这一期的科学角落是关于即将到来的超级厄尔尼诺季节。目前的预测显示海洋温度异常高达 4 摄氏度。海洋是天气的电池,现在海洋中储存的额外能量相当于 1100 万太瓦时,是人类 500 年的能源总消耗量。
这将使未来一年成为人类有记录以来最热的一年。其后果包括:加州和海湾地区出现极端的大气河事件;巴西、印度、澳大利亚农作物减产。如果印度的季风由于厄尔尼诺而失败,1.5 亿农民将面临生计危机,15 亿人的粮食供应受到威胁。这不仅是天气问题,更是可能引发全球商品价格飙升、电网故障和部分地区动荡的经济危机。
Original English
Friedberg: This science corner is about the dreaded El Nino season that is coming up... temperatures that might be 4° above normal... The reason is the oceans are the battery of weather... 11 million extra terowatt hours of energy is currently stored up. That's 500 years worth of human energy... over the next few months, that energy is going to be released... agriculture failure... major kind of economic crisis that starts to emerge.
Jason: 这太吓人了。Mark,谢谢你回到我们的节目。
Original English
Jason: This is [ __ ] scary... Mark, thanks for coming on the program.
Mark Benioff: 谢谢。顺便提一下,我当年创立 Salesforce 时做的最棒的决定就是 1-1-1 模式:投入 1% 的股权、1% 的利润和 1% 的员工时间到基金会。今天我们已经捐赠了超过 10 亿美元,提供了 1000 万小时的志愿服务。我希望每个公司都这样做。
最后,我想怀念我的好友 Susan Wojcicki。她是这个星球上最伟大的人之一,五个孩子的母亲,卓越的领导者。她在几年前因一种罕见的癌症去世,这太不幸了。她的家人正在建立一个新的基金会来攻克这种疾病,我们全力支持。我的办公室里放着她的祭坛,我每天都会想起她。
Original English
Mark Benioff: the best decision I ever made... when I started Salesforce we put 1% of our equity 1% of our profit and 1% of all of our employees time into a foundation... My best friend. Bestie... Susan Wjeki [Wojcicki] tragically died... She was a star. The best... I have an altar in my office... I think of her every single day.
Jason: 说得好。愿 Susan Wojcicki 安息。我们下期再见。
Original English
Jason: Well said. Rest in peace, Susan Waki. All right. We'll see you all next time on the podcast.
📌 文中提及的人物和组织
人物: Mark Benioff, Donald Trump, Xi Jinping, Elon Musk, Sam Altman, Susan Wojcicki
公司/组织: Salesforce, OpenAI, Apple, Anthropic, Tesla