中国山寨模因股:一场美国式创新的拙劣模仿与投资警示 Patrick Boyle 2025-09-07

中国“山寨”模因股的崛起

2019年,CNBC对全球一些大型公司进行了一项调查,结果发现,仅在过去一年中,就有五分之一的北美公司声称其知识产权(Intellectual Property: 智力劳动成果的专有权利)被中国竞争对手窃取。

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In 2019, CNBC surveyed some of the largest companies in the world and found that one in five North American companies were claiming that Chinese competitors had stolen intellectual property from them within the last year alone.

这是一个相当令人震惊的统计数据。但今年夏天我们得知,被窃取的不仅仅是企业知识产权。

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That's a fairly shocking statistic. But we learned this summer that it's not just corporate IP that's being stolen.

今年夏天,投资者在投资了一批在美国上市的中国股票后损失了数十亿美元,这些股票在社交媒体上被推广后不久就大幅贬值。

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Investors lost billions of dollars this summer after investing in a group of US-listed Chinese stocks that collapsed in value shortly after being promoted on social media.

看来,中国人正在“山寨”美国最伟大的创新之一:模因股(Meme Stock: 因社交媒体热潮而非基本面被推高的股票)。

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The Chinese, it seems, are ripping off one of America's greatest innovations, the meme stock.

没有什么比一个好的模因股故事更让我喜欢的了,我想我们都知道模因股是由美国人发明的。

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Now, there's nothing I love more than a good meme stock story. And I think we all know that meme stocks were invented in America by Americans.

虽然模因股热潮在2021年随着GameStop和AMC的兴起而爆发,但彭博社早在2020年就已宣布该年为模因股之年,并重点提及了Herz、Kodak和电动汽车公司。

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While the memetock craze exploded in 2021 with GameStop and AMC, Bloomberg had already declared 2020 the year of the meme stock, highlighting Herz, Kodak, and EV companies.

不幸的是,2022年对于模因股投资者来说是艰难的一年。

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2022, unfortunately, was a tough year for the meme investors.

模因股ETF(Exchange Traded Fund: 交易所交易基金),一个真实存在的投资产品,在2022年暴跌,从每股70美元跌至25美元。

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The memeto ETF, which is a real thing that you can meme invest in, collapsed in 2022, falling from $70 a share to 25.

2024年,随着GameStop和其他几只模因股卷土重来,市场出现了一点复苏。

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There was a bit of a resurgence in 2024 as GameStop and a few other meme stocks made a comeback.

但今年夏天,又一批老式的美国模因股兴起,被《投资者商业日报》戏称为**“呆子股”**(Dork Stocks: 投资者商业日报对某些美国模因股的戏称)。

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But this summer saw the rise of a new crop of good old-fashioned American meme stocks, dubbed the dork stocks by Investors Business Daily.

Crispy Cream、Open Door、Rocket Companies和Kohl's,它们的股票代码拼写起来就是“dork”,在今年夏天让模因股投资者损失了130亿美元,因为它们在上涨和下跌的同时也娱乐了我们其他人。

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Crispy Cream, Open Door, Rocket Companies, and Kohl's, whose ticker symbols spell out dork, cost meme investors 13 billion this summer as they rose and fell while entertaining the rest of us.

这都是纯粹的、健康的美国式乐趣:美国股票被美国模因投资者在美国留言板上炒作,并在美国交易所交易。

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This was all good, wholesome American fun. American stocks been pumped by American meme festers on American message boards, traded on American exchanges.

然而,当所有人都被这些“呆子股”分散注意力时,另外七只在纳斯达克(NASDAQ: 美国第二大证券交易所)上市的股票——Concord International、Austin Technology、Top King Win、Skyline Builders、Everbrite Digital、Park Ha Biological Technology和Feton Holdings——正在被炒作,结果在几个交易日内暴跌80%或更多。

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But while everyone was distracted by these dorks, another seven NASDAQ listed stocks, Concord International, Austin Technology, Top King Win, Skyline Builders, Everbrite Digital, Park Ha, Biological Technology, and Feton Holdings were being pumped up only to collapse by 80% or more over a few trading sessions.

为什么没有人听说过这些股票?答案是它们是中国的“山寨”股票,由外国人通过WhatsApp群组、Reddit留言板、Facebook以及以前称为Twitter的“万能应用”进行推广。

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Why has no one heard of these stons? Well, the answer is they were Chinese stonss, knockoffs promoted by foreigners in WhatsApp groups, Reddit message boards, Facebook, and on the Everything app, formerly known as Twitter.

你可以看出这些不是美国的模因股。没有对冲基金经理被指控做空,没有魅力四射的首席执行官穿着内衣直播,甚至没有数千页的在线抱怨被发布并被描述为“尽职调查”供人们阅读。

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You could tell these weren't American meme stocks. There were no hedge fund managers accused of being short. There were no charismatic CEOs live streaming in their underwear. There weren't even thousands of pages of online rants being posted and described as due diligence that people were told to read.

这些都是低质量的“山寨货”。数字八在中国是最幸运的数字,因为它与财富相关,但这里只有七只中国模因股。

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These were lowquality knockoffs. The number eight is the luckiest number in China because eight is associated with wealth, but there were only seven Chinese meme stocks.

这多马虎啊!《金融时报》几周前报道称,这次暴跌导致37亿美元的损失,这甚至远不及“呆子股”造成的130亿美元损失。

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How sloppy is that? The ST wrote about this a few weeks ago, saying that the collapse wiped out $3.7 billion, which isn't even close to the $13 billion loss on the Dork Strongs.

这简直是对美国创新拙劣的模仿。

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This is a lowquality ripoff of an American innovation.

监管机构的警告与应对

美国联邦调查局(FBI)上个月表示,他们收到的关于**“拉高出货”**(Pump and Dump: 一种通过虚假宣传推高股价后抛售获利的欺诈行为)股票欺诈的受害者投诉同比增长了300%。

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The FBI said last month that it had seen a 300% year-on-year increase in victim complaints, referencing ramp and dump stock fraud.

该机构补充说,投资者在社交媒体上成为目标,欺诈者冒充合法的经纪公司或知名股票分析师。

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It added that investors were being targeted on social media by people impersonating legitimate brokerage firms or well-known stock analysts.

投诉数量如此大幅增加,你可能会希望FBI能逮捕一些罪犯。

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Now, this is a huge increase in complaints. So, you would hope that the FBI is arresting some criminals, but both the FBI and the Justice Department have been overworked and under a lot of stress this summer with over a thousand agents working 24-hour shifts removing politicians names from the Epstein files, meaning that there's no time left to investigate investor fraud.

然而,今年夏天FBI和司法部都因处理爱泼斯坦(Epstein)文件中的政客姓名而工作过度、压力巨大,超过一千名特工24小时轮班工作,这意味着他们没有时间调查投资者欺诈。

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But both the FBI and the Justice Department have been overworked and under a lot of stress this summer with over a thousand agents working 24-hour shifts removing politicians names from the Epstein files, meaning that there's no time left to investigate investor fraud.

据《华尔街日报》报道,这些中国股票上市的交易所——纳斯达克——本周宣布,正寻求收紧对小型中国股票的上市规则,因为它表示这些上市已成为欺诈和操纵的温床。

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According to the Wall Street Journal, NASDAQ, the exchange on which these Chinese stocks were all listed, announced this week that it's seeking to tighten its rules for small Chinese stocks, as it says that these listings have become a hotbed for fraud and manipulation, which you would have hoped would have all moved to crypto, where it's legal.

纳斯达克提出了一项新规则,要求主要在中国运营的公司现在必须在IPO(Initial Public Offering: 首次公开募股)中至少筹集2500万美元才能在纳斯达克上市。

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NASDAQ proposed a new rule requiring that companies principally operating in China will now have to raise at least $25 million in an IPO in order to go public on NASDAQ.

他们还寻求将未来上市的最低流通股数量增加到1500万美元。

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They're also seeking to increase the minimum float for future listings to $15 million.

他们表示,对于不再符合上市标准的公司,应该有更快的退市机制。

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And they're saying that there should be faster D-listings for companies that no longer meet listing standards.

这些修改在实施前需要获得SEC(Securities and Exchange Commission: 美国证券交易委员会)的批准。

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The changes will require approval from the SEC before they can be implemented.

考虑到欺诈投诉增加了300%,我想SEC会非常忙碌,特别是因为路透社报道称,该机构的关键部门在今年早些时候流失了15%到19%的全职员工。

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With this 300% increase in fraud complaints, I imagine that the SEC are quite busy, especially because Reuters reports that key divisions of the agency lost between 15 and 19% of their full-time headcount earlier this year.

据纳斯达克称,今年和去年申请在美国交易所上市的中国公司数量创历史新高,其中中国和香港的公司主导了美国微盘股(Micro Cap: 市值非常小的公司股票)的IPO市场。

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According to NASDAQ, a record number of Chinese companies applied to list on US exchanges both this year and last, with China and Hong Kong-based companies dominating the US micro cap IPO market.

美国审计监管机构PCAOB(Public Company Accounting Oversight Board: 美国公众公司会计监督委员会)在今年早些时候曾面临被关闭的威胁,过去在检查许多审计美国上市公司的中国会计师事务所时遇到了困难。

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The PCAOB, the US audit regulator, which was threatened with being shuttered earlier this year, has faced difficulties in the past inspecting many of the Chinese accounting firms that audit USlisted companies.

在这种情况下,如果公司未能提供符合要求的审计师出具的审计报告,PCAOB可以启动导致公司从美国证券交易所退市的行动。

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In such cases, the PCAOB can initiate actions that lead to a company's delisting from US stock exchanges if it doesn't provide an audit from a compliant auditor.

案例分析:Regen Cell Biosciences的60000%涨幅骗局

那么,这些中国模因股到底是什么样子?

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So, what do these Chinese meme stocks look like?

其中一只似乎被炒作得最厉害的股票叫做Regen Cell Biosciences。

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Well, the one that appears to have been pumped up the most was called Regen Cell Biosciences.

它的股价被惊人地推高了60000%。

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Its stock price was pumped up an impressive 60,000%.

是的,你没听错,60000%。

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Yes, that's right, 60,000%.

这使得该公司在暴跌前市值达到了380亿美元。

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Which gave the company a market value of $38 billion before the dump.

如果我们看看生物技术公司,这几乎是Moderna市值的四倍。

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Now, if we look at biotech companies, that's almost four times the size of Madna.

它比Baxter、Biogen、Teva和Bayer这些你可能听说过的公司都要大。

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It's bigger than Baxter, bigger than Biogen, Tea, Bayer, companies that you'll have heard of.

我不敢说自己是生物科学公司的专家,但我20年前确实做过一个与制药分析师合作的实习。

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Now, I wouldn't claim to be an expert on bioscience firms, but I did do an internship about 20 years ago working with a pharmaceutical analyst.

所以我想我应该去看看Regen Cell Bioscience这家公司。

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So, I thought maybe I should check out Regen Cell Bioscience.

我不需要持负面态度,谁知道呢?它可能是一只很棒的股票。

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And I don't need to be negative. Who knows? It might be a great ston.

我猜想一些模因股投资者在将毕生积蓄投入一家从未听说过的380亿美元公司之前,会先看看该公司的网站。

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I imagined that a few meme investors took a look at the company's website before putting their life savings into a $38 billion firm that they hadn't heard of before.

所以,这可能是我开始调查的好地方。

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So, that's probably a good place for me to start.

揭露骗局:网站、所谓“疗法”与财务状况

这是他们的网站。看我,像个模因股投资者一样做尽职调查(Due Diligence: 在投资前对公司进行的全面审查)。

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So, here's the website. Look at me doing due diligence like a meme stock investor.

第一步,检查公司是否有网站。

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Step one, check if the company has a website.

看,这里有各种图形,我猜是神经元,还有一句口号:“天然配方,行之有效。”

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And look, there are all these graphics of what I'm going to guess are neurons and the slogan natural formula that works.

这是一个很棒的口号。

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然后,在右下角有一个小小的红色警告标志,上面写着“网站所有者错误:无效域名”,这并不完全能激发信心,但他们至少有一个网站,而且还没有崩溃。

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That's a great slogan. And then there's this little red flag thing in the bottom corner that says error for site owner invalid domain, which isn't exactly confidence inspiring, but they at least have a website and it hasn't crashed yet.

那么,我们向下滚动,看到“关于我们的配方”。

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So, let's scroll down about our formula, it says.

然后,似乎是一堆草药和香料。

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And then there seems to be a collection of herbs and spices.

这是肯德基的网站吗?我可能在这里找到了11种香草和香料的秘密配方。

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Is this the KFC website? I I might have found the secret recipe of 11 herbs and spices here.

我们有什么呢?我不确定第一个是什么,但接着我们看到了看起来像香菜籽的东西,但它们可能是白胡椒粒。

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What have we got anyhow? I'm not sure what the first one is, but then we've got what looks like coriander seeds, but they might be white peppercorns.

然后我们有一些切片的肉桂枝,还有一些木棍。

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Then we've got some sliced cinnamon twigs. We've got some sticks.

那看起来像干姜黄。

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Uh that looks like dried turmeric.

我们离做咖喱不远了。

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Uh we're well on the way to making a curry here.

还有一些丁香、绿豆蔻,我想那是香草荚。

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There's some cloves, uh green cardamom, and uh I think that's vanilla pods.

嗯,是的,美味。

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Uh yeah, delicious.

点击“关于我们的配方”,也许会有食谱。

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Let's click on about our formula. Maybe there'll be a recipe.

哦,抱歉,我忘了。

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Oh, sorry. I forgot.

这是一家生物科学公司。

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It's a It's a bioscience company.

它说他们有治疗ADHD(Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: 注意力缺陷多动障碍)和ASD(Autism Spectrum Disorder: 自闭症谱系障碍)的方法。

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It says they have treatments for ADHD and ASD.

我不确定ASD是什么,所以我们查一下。

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Now, I'm not sure what ASD is, so let's look that up.

它似乎是一种心脏缺陷。

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It seems to be a a heart defect.

我不确定那11种香草和香料对心脏缺陷有什么作用。

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I'm not sure what the 11 herbs and spices will do for that.

嗯,等等。

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Um, hold on.

不,它似乎是自闭症。

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No, it seems to be autism.

好的。

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Okay.

这里有一些关于他们产品市场规模的图表。

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There are some charts on the size of the markets for their products.

这是创始人,上面写着他有一个“大脑理论”。

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And here's the founder and it says that he has a a brain theory.

好的。

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Okay.

关于血流和神经递质(Neurotransmitters: 神经细胞之间传递信号的化学物质)的一些东西。

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Uh something about blood flow and neurotransmitters.

那是一个大脑理论。

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That that's a brain theory.

好吧。

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All right.

上面写着他去了伯克利,拥有电气工程学位。

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Um it says he went to Berkeley and has degrees in electrical engineering.

所以与烹饪或医疗保健无关,但尽管如此,他现在正致力于治疗患有不治之症、疾病和障碍的人。

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So nothing to do with cooking or healthc care, but nonetheless he's now dedicating all his efforts to treat people afflicted with incurable diseases, illnesses, and disorders.

我不是专家,但我关注的是可治愈的疾病,因为不治之症的特点就是它们无法治愈。

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Now, I'm no expert, but what I do is focus on curable diseases because the thing about incurable diseases is that they're incurable.

嗯,所以你有点浪费时间了。

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Um, so you're you're kind of wasting your time there.

我们还有什么?

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What else have we got here?

患者案例研究,证词。

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Patient case studies, testimonials.

哦,看那个。

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Oh, look at that.

他们有新冠病毒的治疗方法。

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They have a a COVID cure.

也许这就是这只股票暴涨60000%的原因。

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Maybe that's why this stock ramped 60,000%.

也许这个人上了罗根(Rogan)的节目。

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Maybe this guy got on Rogan.

小肯尼迪(JFK Jr.)会喜欢这种用厨房里随处可见的东西制成的新冠病毒治疗方法。

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Uh JFK Jr., He'd love a COVID cure made out of things you find lying around the kitchen.

看,有一个骑摩托车的人,他发布了一个视频,说新冠病毒治疗方法有效。

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And look, there's a guy who rides motorbikes and he posted a video where he says that the CO cure works.

有很多证词。

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There are loads of testimonials.

这个人感觉不适,做了新冠病毒检测,服用了草药,过了一会儿他就好转了。

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This guy felt sick, took a COVID test, took the herbs, and a bit later he was better.

好吧,就是这样。

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Well, there you go.

这就是我需要的所有证据。

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That's all the proof that I need.

其他所有感染新冠病毒的人都死了,所以这11种香草和香料一定有效。

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Everyone else who got CO died, so the 11 herbs and spices must work.

我注意到没有人写信说这个秘密配方害死了他们,所以它可能也是安全的。

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I notice that no one wrote in saying that the secret recipe killed them, so it's probably safe, too.

事实上,它绝对是安全的。

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In fact, it it definitely is.

TCB在这里说:“我感染了新冠病毒,正在服用西药。”

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TCB here says, "I contracted CO and was eating Western medicine."

嗯,我想这就是TCB出错的地方。

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Well, I think that's where TCB went wrong.

你生病了,不能只是开始吃药。

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You get sick, you don't just start eating medicine.

你应该像往常一样继续吃饭,但要咨询医生。

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You should probably continue eating food as normal, but consult a doctor.

如果一有生病的迹象你就开始吃药,你很可能只会使问题复杂化。

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If at the first sign of illness you start eating medicine, you're likely only going to complicate the problem.

我们还有什么?

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What else have we got?

路易莎(Louisa)说它有效,她推荐它。

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Louisa, she says that it worked and she recommends it.

哦,但是看那个。

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Oh, but look at that.

它尝起来很苦。

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It tastes bitter.

我的意思是,这一切的重点是它应该味道好。

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I mean, the whole point of this is that it should taste good.

我可能会多加一点香草,但别听我的。

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I'd maybe put a bit more vanilla in, but don't listen to me.

我不是医生。

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I'm not a a doctor.

她说夜间服用可能会让你感到有点困倦。

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H she says the night bottle can make you feel slightly drowsy.

我不确定“夜间服用”是指这种药还是她喝的其他东西。

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Now, I'm not sure if the night bottle is referring to this medicine or something else that she's drinking.

我真的不确定路易莎作为证人有多可靠。

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I'm not really sure how reliable a witness Louisa is.

嗯,如果是我的话,我会把这些信息从网站上删掉一些。

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Uh, I would have left a few of these off the website if it was me.

好吧,就是这样。

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Well, there you go.

无论如何,那个骑摩托车的人和所有这些怪人似乎都说它有效,所以它可能确实有效。

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Anyhow, the guy with the motorbike and all these other crackpots seem to say that it works, so it probably does.

难怪这只股票上涨了60000%。

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No wonder this stock went up 60,000%.

如果他们能解决口味问题,那会更好。

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If they sort out the flavor, it'll be even better.

我们还有什么?

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What else have we got here?

嗯,他们似乎有一个基金会,一个非营利组织。

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Well, they seem to have a foundation, uh, a nonprofit.

他们回馈社区。

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They're giving back to the community.

这太棒了。

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This is great.

他们可能会将一部分利润捐给基金会。

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They probably give a percentage of the profits to the foundation.

所以,是的,我们来看看这些利润。

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So, yeah, let's let's check out those profits.

投资者关系,财务数据,2024年。

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Investor relations, financial data, 2024.

我们看看账目在哪里。

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Let's see where are the accounts.

哦,看起来他们在2024年亏损了430万美元。

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Oh, it looks like they lost $4.3 million in 2024.

但从好的方面看,这比前一年亏损的610万美元要好。

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But on the bright side, it's better than the $6.1 million that they lost the prior year.

尽管这种亏损减速令人印象深刻,但仍然很难看出这如何能支撑380亿美元的市值。

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Now, as impressive as this deceleration of losses is, it's still a little bit hard to see how this justifies a $38 billion market cap.

我的意思是,他们甚至是如何亏钱的?

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I mean, how are they even losing money?

看在上帝的份上,你把一堆超市里的东西当药卖,结果 somehow 还在亏钱。

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For God's sake, you're selling a bunch of stuff from the supermarket as medicine and somehow still losing money on it.

他们在做什么?

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What are they doing?

如果这些钱都花在了研发(R&D: 研究与开发)上,我会非常生气。

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I'll be furious if this was all blown on R&D.

我们看看这里。

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Let's see here.

我们有运营费用,费用明细。

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We have operating expenses, a breakdown of expenses.

等等,收入在哪里?

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Wait, uh where is the income?

这些账目是怎么回事?

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What's going on with these accounts?

收入在另一页吗?

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Are revenues on another page?

啊,不。

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Ah, no.

你一定是在开玩笑。

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You have to be joking.

这里有一个脚注:“2024年和2023年,我们没有从任何产品销售中产生任何收入。”

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There's a footnote. We've not generated any revenue from the sale of any products for the years 2024 and 2023, respectively.

我的意思是,如果你没有销售任何商品,怎么会有销售成本呢?

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I mean, really, can you have a cost of goods sold if you haven't sold any goods?

我的意思是,他们有销售和营销费用的项目,但他们显然没有销售或营销任何东西。

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I mean, they have a line for selling and marketing expenses when they clearly didn't sell or market anything.

当你没有任何客户时,怎么会有客户证词呢?

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How do you have customer testimonials when you don't have any customers?

识别并避免投资骗局

你知道,我有点改变主意了。

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You know, I've kind of changed my mind.

这可能是史上最好的模因股。

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This might be the best meme stock ever.

我不是说要买。

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I don't mean to buy.

对我来说,模因股不是用来买的东西。

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Uh, for me, meme stocks aren't something that you buy.

你永远不会那样做。

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Uh, you'd never do that.

它们是关于娱乐价值的。

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They're about entertainment value.

无论这只股票叫什么,它都非常出色。

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And whatever this one is called, it's just excellent.

60000%的涨幅。

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60,000%.

中国人让美国人感到羞愧。

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The Chinese have put the Americans to shame.

无论如何,现在你知道了。

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Anyhow, now you know it.

中国模因股,现在这已经成为一个现象。

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Chinese meme stocks, that's now a thing.

显然,不要投资那些你只从WhatsApp群组里的陌生人或Reddit上听说的股票。

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Obviously, don't invest in stocks that you've only heard about from a stranger in a WhatsApp group or on Reddit.

并提防YouTube视频下那些虚假评论,其中一堆机器人正在谈论他们“了不起的经纪人”,或者冒充YouTube博主让你联系他们。

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And watch out for the fake comments on their videos on YouTube where a bunch of bots are talking about their amazing broker or where they're impersonating YouTubers and telling you to contact them.

如果你认为评论区里有人冒充我联系你,那是个骗局。

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If you think you're being contacted by me in the comment section, it's a scam.

任何有信誉的人都不会在社交媒体平台上向陌生人推销投资。

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No one reputable will ever pitch an investment to strangers on social media platforms.

虽然我有一些人手帮忙删除我的视频下发布的诈骗评论,但仍然很难全部捕捉到,而且我们无法总是按我们希望的速度删除它们。

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While I have some help deleting scam comments that are posted under my videos, it's still hard to catch them all, and we can't always delete them as quickly as we'd like to.

我的朋友理查德(Richard),他经营着YouTube频道“The Plain Bagel”,最近发现有人使用AI深度伪造技术冒充他,向他的观众推销加密货币。

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My friend Richard, who runs the Plain Bagel YouTube channel, recently discovered that someone was using an AI deep fake to impersonate him and pitch crypto to his audience.

显然,任何看过他视频的人都会知道他不会推销那样的东西。

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Obviously, anyone who's watched his videos would know that he wouldn't pitch anything like that.

诈骗者的视频看起来也和威尔·史密斯(Will Smith)演唱会上的观众一样假。

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The scammers video also looked about as fake as the audience at a Will Smith concert.

但我们应该记住,诈骗者正变得越来越复杂,而且似乎没有任何执法机构来处理欺诈问题。

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But we should remember that the scammers are growing more and more sophisticated and there doesn't appear to be any law enforcement around fraud.

所以你真的必须自己提防这些骗局。

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So you really have to look out for these scams yourself.

如果你听到朋友和亲戚谈论他们在网上遇到的、由完全陌生人推销的“绝佳机会”,也要同样警告他们。

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And equally warn friends and relatives if you hear them talking about a great opportunity that they came across online pitched by a total stranger.

关键字: investment pump-and-dump regulatory stock