美国政府停摆影响深远,阿拉斯加试行手机投票,新德里空气污染严峻,蓝色起源挑战SpaceX New York Times Podcasts 2025-11-14

政府停摆余波未了:经济损失与民生困境

美国联邦政府已开始恢复运转,但即使雇员重返工作岗位,政府服务恢复在线,这场创纪录的停摆所带来的更广泛影响才刚刚显现。

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Across the country, the federal government has started to click back into gear. But even as employees return to work and government services come back online, the broader impacts of the record-breaking shutdown are just now starting to come into focus.

我们的经济顾问委员会表示,停摆每周造成约150亿美元的损失,如果算上乘数效应,累计可能达到国内生产总值(GDP:Gross Domestic Product,衡量国家经济产出的指标)的1%到1.5%。

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Well, our our council of economic adviserss said that it cost about 15 billion uh a week uh and it accumulates to maybe one one and a half% of GDP when you count the multiplier effects.

昨天,特朗普总统的一位高级经济顾问对记者表示,此次停摆给美国经济留下了持久的印记,约有6万人并非联邦雇员,却因经济影响而失业。

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Speaking to reporters yesterday, one of President Trump's top economic adviserss said the shutdown left lasting marks on the US economy and that roughly 60,000 people who weren't federal employees lost their jobs because of the economic impacts.

与此同时,许多食品券(SNAP计划:Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program,补充营养援助计划)的领取者仍在等待账户余额更新,他们感到一种新的脆弱感。即使在之前的政府停摆期间,SNAP计划也从未像这次一样受到如此大的干扰,白宫拒绝使用紧急资金来维持福利发放。

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At the same time, many recipients of food stamps are still waiting for their account balances to be updated, and they're feeling a new sense of vulnerability. Even during previous shutdowns, the SNAP program had never been disrupted like this before, with the White House refusing to use emergency funding to keep benefits flowing.

波士顿一家主要食品银行的负责人告诉《纽约时报》,SNAP领取者感觉自己“被当作政治棋子”,因为他们只是想养家糊口,人们陷入了她所说的“持续的不确定性”中。

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The head of a major food bank in Boston told the Times that SNAP recipients felt a sense of quote being used as a political pawn when you're just trying to feed your families and that people had been plunged into what she called continuous uncertainty.

停摆的其他副作用也日益清晰。联邦法院现在积压了大量案件,在推迟了40多天不那么紧急的听证后,他们正在努力处理这些案件。全国各地的国家公园也在清点损失,因为大多数公园在部分开放的情况下,几乎没有工作人员进行监控。

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Other side effects of the shutdown are also becoming clear. Federal courts now have a pileup of cases they're working through after spending more than 40 days delaying less urgent hearings. And the country's national parks are taking stock of any damage after most parks remained partially open but with little to no staff to monitor them.

与此同时,国土安全部部长克里斯蒂·诺姆(Christy Gnome)开始向运输安全管理局(TSA:Transportation Security Administration,负责美国机场安检的机构)的官员发放1万美元的支票,她称这些官员在停摆期间表现出色。她在休斯顿机场的一次活动中分发了第一批支票,但没有具体说明决定谁能获得支票的标准,以及总共会发放多少。

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Meanwhile, so with that, Rico, I want to present to you a check and say thank you from the American people. Appreciate it, Ashley. Thank you. Christy Gnome, the Secretary of Homeland Security, began handing out $10,000 checks to TSA officers, who she said went above and beyond during the shutdown. She distributed the first round of checks during an event at an airport in Houston. Though she didn't say exactly what criteria were used to decide who should get them or how many would be given out in total.

TSA特工和空中交通管制员在停摆期间被要求无薪工作。代表这些特工的工会官员表示,这些奖金“对一些人来说很好,但最好是给每个人一点东西,因为他们都受苦了。”

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TSA agents along with air traffic controllers were required to work unpaid during the shutdown. An official at a union representing the agents said the bonuses were quote great for some, but it's better to give everybody a little something because they all suffered.

特朗普政府相关争议:军事行动与政治指控

美国军方在加勒比海对一艘船只进行了另一次打击,使其打击涉嫌贩毒者的行动造成的死亡人数达到80人。自9月初开始打击以来,美国已在加勒比海和太平洋地区袭击了船只,声称它们正在向美国走私毒品,尽管官员们几乎没有提供任何证据。

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The US military has carried out another strike on a boat in the Caribbean, bringing the death toll in its campaign against alleged drug traffickers to 80 people. Since the strike started in early September, the US has hit boats in both the Caribbean and the Pacific, claiming they're smuggling drugs to the US, though officials have provided little to no evidence of that.

《纽约时报》现已获悉一份秘密的司法部备忘录的新细节,该备忘录批准了这项行动。备忘录称,根据特朗普总统提出的美国与贩毒集团处于“武装冲突状态”的主张,这些杀戮是合法的。但备忘录所依据的这些主张与广泛使用武力专家的评估相矛盾,他们表示不存在合法的武装冲突,特朗普非法命令军方实施谋杀。

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The Times has now learned new details about a secret Justice Department memo that signed off on the campaign. It says the killings are lawful based on claims President Trump has made that the US is officially in a state of armed conflict with drug cartels. But those claims that the memo hangs on contradict the assessment of a broad range of experts in the use of force who say there is no legitimate armed conflict and that Trump has illegally ordered the military to commit murder.

加利福尼亚州民主党众议员埃里克·斯瓦尔韦尔(Eric Swallwell)在有报道称他因潜在的刑事调查而被移交给司法部后,正在进行反击。

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Democratic Congressman Eric Swallwell of California is pushing back after reports broke that he's been referred to the Justice Department for a potential criminal investigation.

根据美国全国广播公司(NBC News)的报道,该移交指控斯瓦尔韦尔犯有抵押贷款和税务欺诈,这些指控类似于针对总统其他知名批评者或目标人物的指控,例如参议员亚当·希夫(Adam Schiff)、纽约州总检察长莱蒂西亚·詹姆斯(Leticia James)和联邦储备委员会理事丽莎·库克(Lisa Cook)。

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According to NBC News, the referral claims Swallwell committed mortgage and tax fraud, accusations similar to those made against other high-profile critics or targets of the president like Senator Adam Schiff, New York Attorney General Leticia James, and Federal Reserve Governor Lisa Cook.

斯瓦尔韦尔曾帮助领导针对特朗普的弹劾行动之一,他否认有任何不当行为,并在声明中表示:“我唯一感到惊讶的是,他花了这么长时间才来找我。”司法部没有立即回应置评请求。

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Swallwell, who helped lead one of the impeachment efforts against Trump, denied any wrongdoing and said in a statement, quote, "The only thing I am surprised about is that it took him this long to come after me." The Justice Department didn't immediately respond to a request for comment.

阿拉斯加州大规模手机投票实验引发关注

在阿拉斯加州,该州最大的城市正在为一项重大实验做准备:允许居民不仅可以亲自投票或通过邮件投票,还可以使用智能手机投票。

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In Alaska, the state's largest city is gearing up for a big experiment. Letting residents vote not just in person or by mail, but by using their smartphones.

通过互联网投票并非全新事物。一些军人和海外选民已经能够这样做一段时间了。但在安克雷奇,拥有近25万注册选民,手机投票的试运行将是该国首次如此大规模的尝试。

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Voting over the internet is not entirely new. Some military and overseas voters have been able to do that for a while. But in Anchorage, with almost a quarter million registered voters, the trial run of phone voting will be the first of this scale in the country.

我的同事尼克·科罗西迪(Nick Corasanti)负责报道选举和投票,他说该市有很多理由尝试这种方式,他们正准备在今年春天进行。

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My colleague Nick Corusidi, who covers elections and voting, says the city has a lot of reasons for trying this out, which they're preparing to do this spring.

阿拉斯加的官员告诉我,尝试这种方式的主要原因是,在该州投票在后勤上可能非常具有挑战性。他们必须应对恶劣天气、极长的距离以及居住在非常偏远地区的人们。他们还有相当多的流动人口,例如在海上石油和天然气钻井平台工作的人,或者季节性工作的渔民。

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Officials in Alaska told me that the main reason to experiment with this is because voting can just be logistically challenging in the state. They have to deal with bad weather. They have to deal with extremely long distances and people living in very rural areas. And they also have a pretty transient population. So people who work on the offshore oil and gas rigs or fishermen who work very seasonally.

所以他们的论点是,能够通过手机投票将允许更多人参与选举,并消除许多选票未送达或从未返回的原因。

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So their argument is that being able to vote on your phone will allow more people to participate in elections and eliminate a lot of the reasons ballots are either undelivered or never make it back to them.

尼克说,官员们首先在市级层面尝试,包括学区委员会和市议会选举。他们希望新系统能提高投票率,因为这类地方选举的投票率通常很低。

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Nick says officials are trying it first at the municipal level with school board and city assembly elections. and they're hoping that the new system will boost turnout, which is often really low in those kinds of local races.

与此同时,我采访的投票专家表示,这项推动正值人们对选举的信任受到严重动摇之时。2020年大选的持续影响仍在。特朗普总统仍在散布关于他败选的同样虚假言论,声称存在普遍的选民欺诈,而事实并非如此。

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At the same time, voting experts I talked to say that this push is coming at a time when trust in elections has been significantly shaken. There's the ongoing fallout from the 2020 election. President Trump is still saying the same falsehoods about his loss there, claiming that there's widespread voter fraud when there simply isn't.

但这些虚假言论已在共和党大部分基层民众中根深蒂固。一些专家担心,在我们的选举系统信任度如此动摇的时候推出手机投票,只会加剧这个问题。因此,安克雷奇的这项实验将如何运作,以及它是否会增加投票率,将非常有趣。同时,观察阴谋论是否也会出现也将很有趣。

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But those falsehoods have really taken root among a large part of the Republican base. And rolling out voting by phone at a time when trust is just so shaken in our election system, some experts worry, could only exacerbate that problem. So, it'll be very interesting to see exactly how this experiment in Anchorage works. Does it increase turnout? It'll also be interesting to see whether conspiracy theories appear as well.

新德里空气污染危机与社会不平等

我们现在收到更多关于这个故事的最新消息。总体而言,德里的空气质量仍处于“严重”类别,大多数地区的空气质量指数(AQI:Air Quality Index,衡量空气污染程度的指标)高于350。本周在新德里,印度政府因首都严重的空气污染而实施了紧急措施。

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And we're now getting some more inputs on the story. Overall, Delhi's air quality remains in the severe category with most locations recording AQI above 350. This week in New Delhi, the Indian government has imposed emergency measures because of severe air pollution in the capital city.

新德里的空气被认为是世界上污染最严重的,每年这个时候,由于空气停滞,污染物会滞留,情况会变得特别糟糕。这使得居住在那里的3200万人呼吸困难,甚至可能导致致命的健康状况。

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The air in New Delhi is considered the most polluted in the world and it gets particularly bad every year about this time when stagnant winds mean pollutants just hang around. That makes breathing difficult for the 32 million people who live there and can even lead to fatal health conditions.

目前,政府已暂停所有非必要的建设,禁止旧车上路,并将学校搬到线上。官员们甚至在本季多次尝试人工降雨(Cloud Seeding:通过向云层中播撒催化剂来增加降水的人工干预技术),试图制造人工降雨来清洁空气,但由于水分不足,这些努力都失败了。

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For the moment, the government's halted all non-essential construction, banned older vehicles from the streets, and moved schools online. Officials even tried multiple attempts at cloud seating this season to try and create artificial rain to clean the air, but those efforts failed because there wasn't enough moisture.

面对这些情况,许多居民一直在寻找自己的解决方案。《纽约时报》一直在报道这个问题如何催生了空气净化系统的繁荣。一家初创公司提供一种设备,它能在人们家中基本上创建一个加压过滤的“空气泡”,防止脏空气渗入。

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Facing those conditions, many residents have been looking for their own solutions. And the Times has been covering how the problem has spawned a boom in air purification systems. One startup's offering a device that basically creates a pressurized filtered air bubble in someone's home that prevents dirty air from leaking inside.

它的设计灵感来源于所谓的“洁净室”和实验室中使用的技术。这些家庭内部的空气质量读数可以大幅改善。但这项技术的成本凸显了新德里的不平等。该系统的价格约为2000美元,相当于当地平均年收入的70%。

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It's modeled off the technology used in so-called clean rooms and laboratories. Air quality readings inside those homes can improve drastically. But the cost of the technology underscores the inequality in New Delhi. The price tag for the system is about $2,000. That's 70% of the average annual income there.

太空竞赛新格局:蓝色起源挑战SpaceX主导地位

最后,谈到火箭和太空竞赛,埃隆·马斯克(Elon Musk)的公司SpaceX(美国太空探索技术公司)在过去十年或更长时间里一直保持着非常舒适的领先地位,主导着竞争。

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And finally, when it comes to rockets and the space race, Elon Musk's company SpaceX has been enjoying a very comfortable lead for a decade or more, just dominating the competition.

部分原因在于它开发了可重复使用火箭助推器(Rocket Boosters:火箭发射时提供推力的第一级或多级火箭)的能力,这些助推器过去常常坠入海洋,一去不复返。通过找出如何安全着陆助推器并让它们重新投入使用,SpaceX降低了成本,并使得更频繁地发射更多火箭成为可能。

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In part, that's because it developed the ability to reuse rocket boosters, which used to just crash back into the ocean, never to be used again. By figuring out how to safely land the boosters and put them back to work, SpaceX cut costs and made it possible to launch more rockets more often.

直到昨天,它在这一创新领域一直独占鳌头。

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It was alone in that innovation until yesterday.

“恭喜,蓝色团队。你们做到了。”

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Congratulations, Team Blue. You did it.

现在,杰夫·贝佐斯(Jeff Bezos)的公司Blue Origin(蓝色起源,美国私人航天公司)也攻克了这一难关。

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Now, Jeff Bezos's company, Blue Origin, has cracked it.

“一枚着陆的轨道火箭。多么不可思议的一天!”该团队成功地将一枚名为“永不告诉我几率”(Never Tell Me the Odds)的火箭助推器降落在佛罗里达海岸附近的一个浮动平台上。

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A landed orbital rocket. What an incredible day. The team nailed the landing of a rocket booster named Never Tell Me the Odds, gently setting it down on a floating platform off the coast of Florida.

随着公司员工在直播中疯狂欢呼,这项成功意味着蓝色起源可以开始从SpaceX一直垄断的业务中分一杯羹,即那些利润丰厚的将物资送入太空的合同。

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With the company's employees cheering like mad over the live stream, with this success in the books, Blue Origin could start to peel away some of the business that SpaceX has had a lock on. The lucrative contracts for sending stuff into space.

蓝色起源的着陆令人印象深刻,甚至连SpaceX也不得不表示祝贺。SpaceX的一位高管在网上发帖称:“干得好。作为美国人,我们应该为我们在太空领域取得的成就感到自豪。”

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Blue Origin's landing was impressive enough that even SpaceX had to give it to them. One of the executives of SpaceX posted online, "Well done. We as Americans should be proud of what we are accomplishing in space."

新闻问答:文化、商业与历史

以上是新闻头条。如果您想玩周五新闻问答,请留下来,它就在片尾之后。

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Those are the headlines. If you'd like to play the Friday News quiz, stick around. It's just after the credits.

本节目由威尔·贾维斯(Will Jarvis)、凯特琳·普雷(Caitlyn Prey)、扬·斯图尔特(Yan Stewart)和我特蕾西·芒福德(Tracy Mumford)制作。原创主题曲由丹·鲍威尔(Dan Powell)创作。特别感谢伊莎贝拉·安德森(Isabella Anderson)、丽莎·安德森(Lissa Anderson)、佐伊·墨菲(Zoe Murphy)和宝拉·舒曼(Paula Schuman)。

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This show is made by Will Jarvis, Caitlyn Prey, Yan Stewart, and me, Tracy Mumford. Original theme by Dan Powell. Special thanks to Isabella Anderson, Lissa Anderson, Zoe Murphy, and Paula Schuman.

现在,是问答时间。每周,我们都会问您几个关于《纽约时报》报道的故事的问题。您能全部答对吗?首先,

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Now, time for the quiz. Every week, we ask you a few questions about stories the Times has been covering. Can you get them all? First up,

本周,为了抵消特朗普政府对公共媒体削减的逾10亿美元联邦资金,进行了一项独特的努力。拍卖了一位标志性公共媒体人物遗产中的几件物品,所得收益将捐给陷入困境的电视台。您的问题是,什么物品被拍卖了?您有四个选项:A. 罗杰斯先生曾经穿过的羊毛开衫;B. 鲍勃·罗斯(Bob Ross)创作的原创风景画;C. 朱莉娅·柴尔德(Julia Child)签名的食谱;D. 吉姆·汉森(Jim Henson)设计的原版伯顿和厄尼木偶。所以,您的选项是毛衣、画作、食谱或布偶。

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this week, there was a unique effort to try and offset some of the billion plus dollars in federal funding cuts that the Trump administration has made to public media. There was an auction of several objects from the estate of an iconic public media personality and the proceeds are going to struggling stations. Your question, what went up for auction? You get four options here. A. Wool cardigans that once belonged to Mr. Rogers. B. Original landscape paintings done by Bob Ross. C. Autographed cookbooks from Julia Child. D. the original Burton Ernie puppets designed by Jim Henson. So again, your options are sweaters, paintings, cookbooks, or muppets.

答案是:

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The answer,

“绘画应该让你快乐,如果它不能让你快乐,你就做错了。”是鲍勃·罗斯的三幅画作,它们总共卖了超过50万美元。

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painting should make you happy, and if it doesn't make you happy, you're doing the wrong thing. It was three paintings by Bob Ross that together sold for over half a million dollars.

“我们不犯错误。我们只是有快乐的意外。”

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We don't make mistakes. We have happy accidents.

这位说话轻柔、烫发令人难忘的画家的遗产计划继续进行筹款活动,并将在未来一年拍卖另外27幅画作。

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The estate of the softspoken painter with his unforgettable perm plans to keep the fundraising effort going and auction off 27 more paintings in the coming year.

好的,下一个问题。周一,美国最有价值公司之一的首席执行官在他今年年底退休前,向股东发出了他最后的几封信之一。信中,他说他将加快捐出他巨额个人财富的计划,这些财富是他将公司转型为万亿美元巨头所创造的,该公司在从Dairy Queen(冰雪皇后,一家快餐连锁店)到Geico(美国第二大汽车保险公司)的一切业务中都拥有控股权。您的问题是,这位首席执行官是谁?在您猜测的同时,请欣赏一段他下班后兴趣的片段——弹奏尤克里里(Ukulele:一种夏威夷的四弦拨弦乐器)。

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Okay, next one. On Monday, the CEO of one of the country's most valuable companies sent one of his last letters to shareholders before he retires at the end of this year. In it, he said he'd be speeding up his plans to give away much of his enormous personal fortune, which he made transforming the company into a trillion dollar juggernaut with a controlling stake in everything from Dairy Queen to Geico. Your question, who is this CEO? While you guess, please enjoy this clip featuring one of his afterwork interests, playing the ukulele.

“现在,终点临近。所以我面对最后的帷幕。”

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Now, the end is near. And so I face the final curtain.

一个提示,如果尤克里里对您不起作用的话,

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A hint, if the ukulele is not doing it for you,

“尽管身价1500亿美元,这位首席执行官从未搬出他1958年在内布拉斯加州奥马哈购买的房子。”

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despite being worth $150 billion, the CEO has never moved out of the house he bought in 1958 in Omaha, Nebraska. much more than this. I did it.

答案是:

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The answer

“我的方式。”

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my way.

沃伦·巴菲特(Warren Buffett),自20世纪60年代中期以来一直领导伯克希尔·哈撒韦(Berkshire Hathaway:一家多元化控股公司)。几十年来,巴菲特因其致股东信而闻名,这些信将商业与扎实的人生建议融为一体。本周,他在信中写道:“我祝所有读到此信的人感恩节快乐。是的,即使是那些混蛋。改变永远不嫌晚。”

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Warren Buffett, who has led Berkshire Hathaway since the mid60s. Buffett has actually gotten a reputation over the decades for his letters to shareholders, which mixed business with solid life advice. He signed off from the one this week with, "I wish all who read this a very happy Thanksgiving. Yes, even the jerks. It's never too late to change.

好的,最后一个问题。本周,费城的美国铸币局(US Mint:负责生产美国硬币的政府机构)铸造了最后一枚美国一分硬币。经过232年,我们的小铜色朋友终于退役了。但一分硬币将继续存在于我们的零钱罐、沙发垫下和歌曲中。我们将为您播放四首标题中带有“penny”的歌曲。其中一些非常难。所以,我们只要求您说出艺术家。准备好了吗?我们从简单的开始。

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Okay, last question. This week, the US Mint in Philadelphia pressed the very last American penny. After 232 years, our little copper colored friend is dunzo. But the penny will live on in our change jars, under our couch cushions, and in song. We're going to play you four songs with penny in the title. Some of these are real toughies. So, we're just going to ask you to name the artist. Ready? We're starting easy.

“非常奇怪。”

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Very strange.

这支乐队当然是披头士乐队(The Beatles)的《佩妮巷》(Penny Lane)。接下来,说出这位艺术家。

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That band of course is the Beatles with Penny Lane. Next up, name this artist.

“看到你脸上的悲伤,我心如刀绞。”

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And it hurts me so to see the sorrow written on your face.

那是威利·纳尔逊(Willie Nelson)的《一分钱买你的思想》(A Penny for Your Thoughts)。

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That was Willie Nelson. A penny for your thoughts.

第三首。

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Third one.

那是非常流畅的莱昂内尔·里奇(Lionel Richie)的《佩妮情人》(Penny Lover)。最后,

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That is the very smooth Lionel Richie with Penny Lover. And lastly,

“我也会有泪水和心痛。”

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I'd be also with tearropsies and heartaches.

那是多莉·帕顿(Dolly Parton)与波特·瓦格纳(Porter Wagner)合唱的《如果泪水是一分钱》(If Teardrops Were Pennies)。可怜的一分钱。

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That is Dolly Parton singing If Teardrops were pennies with Porter Wagner. Poor one went out for the pennies.

新闻问答就到这里。如果您想告诉我们您的表现如何,一如既往,我们的电子邮件是theheadlines@nytimes.com。我是特蕾西·芒福德。《头条新闻》将于周一回归。

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That is it for the news quiz. If you want to tell us how you did, as always, our email is the headlines@ny times.com. I'm Tracy Mumpford. The headlines will be back on Monday.