华纳兄弟争夺战:Netflix与派拉蒙的角力
Michael: 大家好,我是《纽约时报》的迈克尔·巴罗,这里是《The Daily》节目。
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From the New York Times, I'm Michael Baro. This is the Daily.
Michael: 听Netflix的首席执行官所言,他那笔830亿美元收购华纳兄弟影业的报价将惠及所有人。
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To hear the CEO of Netflix tell it, his $83 billion offer to buy Warner Brothers Studios will benefit everyone.
Netflix CEO: 我们认为与华纳兄弟的这笔交易对股东有利。我们认为这对消费者有利。我们认为这对创作者有利。我们认为这对整个娱乐业都非常有利。
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Uh, we think this deal with Warner Brothers is good for shareholders. We think it's good for consumers. We think it's good for creators. We think it's great for the entertainment industry as a whole.
Michael: 听派拉蒙的首席执行官所言,同样的报价却是一场垄断性的灾难。
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To hear the CEO of Paramount tell it that same offer is a monopolistic disaster.
Paramount CEO: 允许排名第一的流媒体服务与排名第三的流媒体服务合并是反竞争的。这就好比说可口可乐今天可以收购百事可乐一样。
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Allowing the number one streaming service to combine with the number three streaming service is anti-competitive. That's like saying Coke can buy Pepsi today.
Michael: 今天,这笔震撼好莱坞的重磅交易、由此引发的竞争性恶意收购(Hostile Takeover: 指收购方在未经目标公司董事会允许的情况下,直接向其股东提出收购要约),以及这一切对电视和电影的未来,以及对我们所有观众意味着什么。我采访了我的三位同事:妮可·斯珀林、凯尔·布坎南和劳伦·赫斯。
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Today. The blockbuster deal that is rocking Hollywood, the competing hostile takeover bid that it's inspired, and what it all means for the future of TV and film, and for all of us, the viewers. I spoke with three of my colleagues, Nicole Sperling, Kyle Buchanan, and Lauren Hirs.
Michael: 今天是12月9日星期二。我想欢迎你们三位参加首届好莱坞圆桌会议。劳伦·赫斯,你好。
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It's Tuesday, December 9th. I want to welcome the three of you to the first ever edition of the Roundt Hollywood edition. Lauren Hirs, hello.
Lauren: 你好。
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hello.
Michael: 很高兴你能来到演播室。还有从洛杉矶及其周边地区加入我们的妮可·斯珀林。很高兴你能来。
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Nice to have you in the studio. And joining us from Los Angeles and its environs, Nicole Sperling. Nice to have you on.
Nicole: 你好。
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Hello.
Michael: 凯尔·布坎南,谢谢你抽出时间。
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And Kyle Buchanan, thanks for making time for us.
Kyle: 嗨,迈克尔。
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Hi, Michael.
Michael: 通常我们组织这些小组讨论是为了解读政治和政府领域的重大时刻,但商业世界给了我们一个如此宏大、高风险且富有戏剧性的故事,以至于我相信它无法只由一位嘉宾来讲述。当然,这个故事就是围绕谁将控制华纳兄弟影业——这个历史悠久的好莱坞机构——而展开的激烈争夺。这就是我们邀请你们三位的原因。我想解释一下你们每个人能为这次对话带来什么。妮可,你负责撰写关于Netflix流媒体和好莱坞商业的文章。我概括得对吗?
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So, we usually put together these panels to make sense of major moments in politics and government, but the world of business gave us a story so big and so high stakes and so theatrical that it could not be contained, I believe, to a single guest. And that story, of course, is the emerging fight over who will control Warner Brothers Studios. this storied Hollywood institution, which is why we've asked the three of you on. And I just want to explain what each of you bring to the conversation. Nicole, you write about Netflix streaming and the business of Hollywood. Am I capturing you correctly?
Nicole: 是的,没错。
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Yes, that is correct.
Michael: 凯尔,你为《泰晤士报》报道电影以及参与制作的演员和导演。你每周都精彩地采访他们,并报道颁奖季。这样说对你公平吗?这只是触及了表面。谢谢你。
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Kyle, you cover the movies for the Times and the actors and the directors involved in making them. You brilliantly profile them week in week out and you cover the awards season. Does that do you justice? That scratches the surface. Thank you.
Kyle: 而且仅仅是表面。
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And only the surface.
Michael: 劳伦,你撰写关于企业并购的文章,并且一直深入研究这笔特定交易的细节。
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And Lauren, you write about corporate mergers and you've been steeped in the details of this particular deal.
Lauren: 是的。
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Yes.
华纳兄弟:好莱坞的“皇冠上的明珠”
Michael: 好的。为了给我们一点路线图,我们将在这次对话中花费大量时间讨论华纳兄弟探索公司(Warner Brothers Discovery)最终落入其现有主要追求者之一手中的影响。但我认为我们必须从董事会层面开始,因为这正是事情的开端。这场战役涉及许多大亨和数十亿美元的媒体品牌。因此,我们将逐一介绍主要参与者。凯尔,请给我们简单介绍一下这个故事的主角——华纳兄弟。
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Okay. So, just to give us a little bit of a road map, we're going to spend a lot of time in this conversation talking through the implications of Warner Brothers Discovery ending up in the hands of either of its current major suitors. But I think we have to start at the boardroom level because that's literally where it begins. There are a lot of moguls and multi-billion dollar media brands involved in this battle. And so we're going to bring each of the major players on stage one by one. Kyle, give us the cliffnotes version of the protagonist of this story, Warner Brothers.
Kyle: 是的,华纳兄弟是好莱坞的皇冠上的明珠(Crown Jewels: 指一个国家或组织中最珍贵、最重要的资产或部分)。它已经存在了一百多年。它成立于好莱坞的黄金时代。它制作了从《卡萨布兰卡》到《蝙蝠侠》的电影。你知道,我前几天在那个片场,无论走到哪里,你都会经过电影和电视的历史。
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Yeah, Warner Brothers is one of Hollywood's crown jewels. It's been around over a hundred years. It was founded in Hollywood's golden age. It's made movies from Casablanca to Batman. You know, I was on that back lot the other day and you're walking past film and TV history wherever you go.
Michael: 它由大卫·扎斯拉夫(David Zaslav)管理,他在华纳兄弟与探索公司合并时加入。自那次合并以来,这条路一直有些坎坷。
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It's run by a guy named David Zazloff who came over when Warner Brothers merged with Discovery and it's been a little bit of a rocky road since that merger.
Michael: 为什么?
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Why?
Kyle: 嗯,你知道,探索公司目前有很多摇摇欲坠(Flailing: 指表现不佳、挣扎或失败)的电视频道,很多有线电视频道,其中包括CNN,他们正试图以某种方式摆脱这些频道。因此,一直有人预期华纳兄弟探索公司可能会被出售或拆分成多个部分。
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Well, you know, Discovery has a lot of uh flailing television channels at this point, a lot of cable channels, which includes CNN, that they're trying to get rid of in some fashion. And so there's been an expectation that Warner Brothers Discovery would be up for sale or broken up into parts.
Michael: 当然,其中一个部分就是HBO,电视界的黄金标准。
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And of course, one of those parts is HBO, the gold standard of television.
Kyle: 是的。
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Yes.
派拉蒙的崛起与战略
Michael: 劳伦,我想这就是你加入对话的地方,因为华纳兄弟探索公司将被拆分,并可能被出售的认识,引出了我们故事中的第二位主角,那就是派拉蒙。嗯。
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Lauren, I think this is where you come into the conversation because the realization that Warner Brothers Discovery is going to be broken up, potentially sold, brings in our second protagonist in this story, which is Paramount. Mhm.
Michael: 那么,请快速介绍一下派拉蒙在这场对决中的背景。
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So, just give us the quick backstory of Paramount's place in this showdown.
Lauren: 在派拉蒙被Skydance(Skydance Media: 大卫·埃里森创立的美国电影和电视制作公司)收购之前,就有Skydance,由甲骨文(Oracle)创始人拉里·埃里森(Larry Ellison)的儿子大卫·埃里森(David Ellison)运营。
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Before Paramount Sky Dance, as it's now known, there was Sky Dance, which was run by David Ellison, the son of Oracle founder Larry Ellison.
Michael: 非常富有的家族。
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Really rich family.
Lauren: 非常富有的家族,这对于这个故事很重要。拉里帮助大卫资助了对派拉蒙的收购,这笔交易几个月前刚刚完成。
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Really rich family, which is important to this story. Larry helped finance David's acquisition of Paramount, which just closed a couple months ago.
Michael: 我们应该说那是一个非常小的品牌,吞并了一个非常大的品牌。它拥有CBS。它拥有《教父》、《碟中谍》背后的工作室。它是一家巨大的公司。突然之间,大卫·埃里森作为媒体大亨登场。但同时变得非常明显的是,与华纳兄弟探索公司(WBD)的大卫·扎斯拉夫、Netflix的泰德·萨兰多斯(Ted Sarandos)相比,他是一个小型的媒体大亨。目前媒体领域真正重要的是流媒体,而派拉蒙+(Paramount Plus),派拉蒙的流媒体业务,与那些巨头相比,只是沧海一粟。
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And we should just say that was a very small brand, eating a very huge brand. very huge brand. It has CBS. It has the studio behind The Godfather, Mission Impossible. It's a huge company. And all of the sudden, David Ellison comes on the scene as a media mogul. But what also becomes very evident is he is a small media mogul in comparison to David Zazoff over at WBD, Ted Sarandos at Netflix. What's really important right now in media is streaming and Paramount Plus, Paramount streaming business is a drop in the bucket when compared to those,
Lauren: 对吧?流媒体无可争议的领导者是Netflix,拥有约3亿用户。我认为派拉蒙+的用户约为8000万。所以,少了很多。
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right? The undisputed leader of streaming is Netflix with about 300 million. I think Paramount Plus is at about 80 million subscribers. So, so many fewer,
Lauren: 对吧?因此,埃里森战略的关键,坦率地说,甚至在他们完成对派拉蒙的收购之前,就是收购华纳兄弟探索公司。所以一旦华纳兄弟探索公司明确表示它可能正在考虑某种选择,比如将其业务一分为二,大卫·埃里森就立即采取行动,他已经提出了多次报价,试图收购华纳兄弟。
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right? And so key to Ellison's strategy, frankly, even before they closed his purchase of Paramount was buying Warner Brothers Discovery. So once Warner Brothers Discovery made clear that it might be considering some kind of option like splitting its business in half, David Ellison pounced and he has made a number of bids trying to buy Warner Brothers.
Netflix:流媒体巨头的扩张之路
Michael: 总结得很好。当然,这把我们带到了妮可和Netflix,他们显然明白华纳兄弟有点麻烦,可能要出售,而且派拉蒙也盯上了它。
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Great summary. And that of course brings us to Nicole Netflix which clearly understands that Warner Brothers is kind of in trouble, maybe up for sale and that Paramount has its eyes on it.
Nicole: 是的。它是巨头。正是它改变了电影业。Netflix曾是后起之秀(Upstart: 指突然成功或崛起的新兴公司或个人)。它曾是颠覆者(Disruptor: 指通过创新改变现有市场格局的公司或技术)。当他们进入并开始流媒体内容时,它促使镇上所有其他工作室都开始了自己的流媒体业务,背负了大量的债务,以建立这个庞大的基础设施。但在获取全球用户方面,他们未能像Netflix那样做得那么好。他们也有一个理念,那就是必须不断增长,对吧?
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Yes. And it's the giant. It is the one that has transformed the movie industry. Netflix was the upstart. It was the disruptor. And when they came in and started streaming content, it has prompted every other studio in town to start their own streaming business to take on their own loads of debt in order to create this huge infrastructure. And they have not been able to do it as well as Netflix has done when it comes to acquiring subscribers all over the place. They also have the ethos of they have to constantly grow, right?
Nicole: 他们不断进入新的业务领域。他们进入了游戏领域。他们启动了广告层级。他们始终保持着这种增长心态。现在他们觉得最好的方式就是收购这个历史悠久的传统工作室,它拥有凯尔之前提到的令人难以置信的内容库,并以只有Netflix才能做到的方式利用这些内容。他们拥有最佳的优化。他们拥有最佳的技术。他们可以对内容做其他流媒体服务无法做到的事情。
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And they are constantly going into new areas of business. They went into games. They started an advertising tier. And they are constantly in that growth mindset. And now they feel that the best way to do so is to acquire this storied legacy studio that has an incredible library of content that Kyle mentioned earlier and to exploit that content in the ways that only Netflix can. They have the best optimization. They have the best tech. They can do things with content that the other streaming services can't do.
恶意收购:派拉蒙的反击
Michael: 劳伦,为什么在所有这些报价中,华纳兄弟接受了Netflix的报价,而不是派拉蒙的?
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And Lauren, why is it that amid all these offers, it's Netflix offer that Warner Brothers accepts, not Paramounts?
Lauren: 华纳兄弟董事会进行了一项流程,他们与竞标者进行了交谈。他们要求派拉蒙和Netflix告诉他们愿意出多少钱,以及他们希望如何融资。最终得出结论,Netflix的报价——仅针对华纳兄弟探索公司的一部分,即其流媒体和工作室业务——对股东来说比派拉蒙提出的报价更有利。现在派拉蒙不同意这一点。
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So, Warner Brothers board ran a process and they spoke to biders. They asked Paramount. They asked Netflix to tell them what they were willing to put up, how they were hoping to finance it. And it came to the conclusion that Netflix's offer, which was only for part of Warner Brothers Discovery, its streaming and studio business, was better for its shareholders than the offer that Paramount put on the table. Now Paramount doesn't agree with that,
Michael: 对吧?他们非常不同意这一点。
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right? They don't agree with that so much
Lauren: 以至于他们正在对华纳兄弟影业发起恶意竞标(Hostile Bid: 恶意收购的另一种说法),这在当今商业世代并不常见。
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that they're making a hostile bid for Warner Brothers Studios, which is not all that normal in this generation of business.
Michael: 我希望你快速解释一下恶意收购是如何运作的。
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And I want you to just quickly explain how a hostile takeover works
Michael: 以及它是否曾被视为一个好主意。
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and if it's ever seen as a good idea.
Lauren: 当然。恶意竞标的运作方式是,竞标者说:“你们的董事会不怎么样。他们对你们做得不好。我们将直接去找股东,我们将以每股30美元的现金给你们。难道你们不想这样做,而不是卖给Netflix吗?”恶意竞标通常不起作用,我们现在很少听到它们,原因在于公司有许多机制可以用来保护自己。话虽如此,恶意竞标也可能成功,但它们并不有趣。你有一家公司在外面大声疾呼你们的董事会多么糟糕。
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Sure. So the way the hostel bid works is a bidder says, "Your board isn't all that good. They aren't doing, you know, well by you. We're going to go directly to the shareholders and we're going to give you $30 for each share in cash. Wouldn't you rather do that then sell to Netflix?" And the reason why hostile bits often don't work and we hear a lot less about them these days is because companies have a number of mechanisms that they can use to protect themselves. That being said, hostile bids can be successful, but they're not fun. You have a company out there screaming how terrible your board is.
Michael: 有点像核选项(Nuclear Option: 指在谈判或冲突中采取的极端、可能造成巨大破坏的手段)。
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Kind of a nuclear option.
Lauren: 核选项。你知道,最著名的成功恶意竞标之一实际上是由大卫·埃里森的父亲拉里·埃里森(Larry Ellison)在他收购Peopleoft(PeopleSoft: 一家被甲骨文公司恶意收购的软件公司)时完成的。所以它们是可能成功的,我告诉你,在我今天的谈话中,我并没有感觉到派拉蒙会对其追求感到胆怯。
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Nuclear option. And you know, one of the most famous hostile bids that was successful was actually done by David Ellison's father, Larry Ellison, in his acquisition of Peopleoft. So they can work and I will tell you in my conversations today I'm not getting the sense that Paramount is going to be timid about its pursuit.
Michael: 此时我必须说,我最喜欢的恶意收购,凯尔,我希望你能欣赏,是戈登·盖科(Gordon Gecko)对Teldar Paper(Teldar Paper: 电影《华尔街》中虚构的公司)的收购。
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This is the moment where I have to say that my favorite hostile takeover of all and Kyle I hope you appreciate this is Gordon Gecko's takeover of Teldar paper.
Kyle: 是的。
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Yes,
Michael: 贪婪是好的。
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greed is good.
Michael: 贪婪是好的,贪婪永无止境。它是彻头彻尾的贪婪,这些已经如此庞大的企业集团丝毫没有放慢其胃口的迹象。我们团队的制片人希望我能正确解释戈登·盖科是电影《华尔街》中的一个角色。如果你需要这个解释,坦白说我为你感到难过。我想讨论一下,如果这两家公司中的任何一家最终收购华纳兄弟,世界会变成什么样子。我想我们应该从Netflix收购华纳兄弟的版本开始,因为这笔交易已经宣布并正在进行中。那么妮可,考虑到华纳兄弟拥有的这个皇冠上的明珠(Crown Jewel: 指最珍贵、最重要的资产)内容库,收购华纳兄弟究竟能为Netflix及其3亿用户带来什么?它是如何运作的?
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Greed is good and greed is never ending. It is utterly rapacious and these conglomerates that are already so gigantic show no signs of slowing their appetite. My my there are producers on our team who want to make sure I have explained properly that Gordon Gecko is a character from Wall Street the movie. Now, if you needed that explanation, I'm frankly sad for you. I want to discuss what the world looks like if either of these companies end up taking over Warner Brothers. And I think we should start with the version where Netflix takes over Warner Brothers because that's the deal that's already been announced and is in the works. So Nicole, what does buying Warner Brothers precisely do for Netflix and its 300 million subscribers given this crown jewel library that it has? How's it work?
Netflix收购华纳兄弟的利弊
Nicole: 嗯,最初它会给他们带来额外的用户,如果你把HBO Max的用户也算进去的话。他们说,在订阅用户方面,他们有大约75%的重叠,但这仍然会增加他们的用户基础,尤其是在他们已经感到相当饱和(Saturated: 指市场或领域已达到最大容量,增长空间有限)的美国。它还允许他们进入两个目前尚未涉足的不同业务。是的,他们制作电视节目,但他们没有电视工作室,也无法将电视节目出售给其他实体,而这正是华纳兄弟一直在做的事情。你在Apple TV上看到的《足球教练》(Ted Lasso),就是华纳兄弟的电视节目。所以,他们也可以进入那个业务。他们还将进入国内和国际的院线电影业务,这是他们从未想涉足的领域,这让许多电影导演感到懊恼,他们非常希望既能在影院上映,又能在Netflix上播放。Netflix一直抵制进入影院。他们的宗旨是,我们希望立即将产品直接带给消费者。而这种麻烦的院线发行(Theatrical Distribution: 指电影通过电影院向公众放映的传统模式)业务,需要花费大量资金,因为你必须花费大量资金来宣传电影,以便人们去影院观看,这是低效的,而且它不能在消费者想要的时候提供他们想要的东西。
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Well, it will initially give them additional subscribers when you include the subscribers from HBO Max. They say that they have about a 75% overlap when it comes to subs, but that still will increase their subscriber base, especially in the US where they already feel like they're pretty saturated. It also allows them to go into two different businesses that they're not currently in. Yes, they make television shows, but they don't have a television studio, and they're not able to sell television shows to other entities, which is something Warner Brothers does all the time. Ted Lasso that you see on Apple TV, that's a Warner Brothers television show. So, they can go into that business as well. They also are going into the domestic and international theatrical movie business, which is something they have never wanted to be in, much to the chagrin of many movie directors who want desperately to both be in theaters and be on Netflix. Netflix has always just resisted being in theaters. Their whole thing is we want to bring our product right to the consumers right away. And this pesky business of theatrical distribution, which costs a ton of money because you have to spend a ton of money to market movies so that people will go to theaters, is inefficient and it doesn't give consumers what they want when they want it.
Michael: 明白了。所以这笔交易对Netflix来说最关键的一点是,它强化了其核心业务,即向家庭用户提供流媒体服务。为了非常清楚这一点,
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Got it. So the key thing that this does for Netflix is it beefs up its central business, its reason for being, which is streaming to people at home. Just to be very clear about that,
Kyle: 还有另一种看法,也许不那么慈善。Netflix正试图将一个竞争对手从棋盘上移除。那个竞争对手不是华纳兄弟。那个竞争对手是电影院。本周,业内人士对华纳兄弟的失去可能对已经有些脆弱的院线放映市场(Theatrical Exhibition Market: 指电影院线向公众放映电影的市场)造成什么影响感到非常担忧。
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there's another way to look at it, too, and it's perhaps a less charitable one. Netflix is trying to take a competitor off of the board. That competitor is not Warner Brothers. That competitor is movie theaters. There is a lot of hand ringing in the business this week about what the loss of Warner Brothers might do for the already somewhat tenuous theatrical exhibition market.
Michael: 嗯,请解释一下,因为我们这些在某种程度上经历了后影院时代(Post-theater World: 指电影院在电影消费中不再占据主导地位的时代)的人,可能认为影院迟早会走向消亡。那么,请告诉我们这笔交易将如何影响影院已经面临的巨大问题的时间线。电影上映的数量会减少,大片会减少,小片会减少,各种类型的电影都会减少。当你开始将这些电影从市场上撤下时,日历上就会出现巨大的空白,这使得许多影院的运营变得不合理。单看华纳兄弟,这家工作室今年的一些大片,从《我的世界》(Minecraft)到《罪人》(Sinners)到《武器》(Weapons)到《一场接一场的战斗》(One Battle After Another),如果没有这些电影,今年的院线发行将是一场灾难。而现在情况已经不容乐观。疫情、演员和编剧罢工的双重打击,以及是的,这笔交易几乎肯定会加速向流媒体的转变,使得原本就不那么乐观的未来看起来更加令人沮丧。我认为好莱坞的许多人并不一定期望Netflix会遵守交易的初始条款,即Netflix的老板泰德·萨兰多斯(Ted Sarandos)说:“当然,我们现在仍然会在影院上映华纳兄弟的电影,然后这会演变。每个人都能看出墙上的字意味着什么。”它不意味着漫长的院线窗口期。它意味着这些电影最终会尽快登陆Netflix,消费者会知道他们不必去影院观看。事实上,也许他们根本就不应该去影院。
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Well, just spell that out because I I think those of us who have come up in the kind of posttheater world imagine the theater to be destined for the dust bin someday anyway. So, just walk us through what this deal would do to the timeline of theat's already pretty big problems. fewer movies would come out, fewer big movies, fewer small movies, movies of every stripe. And when you're starting to take those movies off the board, you are left with really big gaps in the calendar that make it kind of unreasonable for a lot of theaters to operate. You look at Warner Brothers alone, the big hits that studio had this year, from Minecraft to Sinners to Weapons to One Battle After Another, without those movies this year in theatrical distribution would be a disaster. And it's already not easy. The pandemic, the double whammy of the actors and writers strikes, and yes, the SE to streaming that this deal will almost certainly hasten just make that not so rosy future look even more discouraging. And I think that a lot of people in Hollywood don't necessarily expect Netflix to honor the initial terms of the deal where Netflix's owner Ted Sarandos is saying, "Sure, we're still going to put Warner Brothers movies out in theaters for now, then that will evolve. Everyone can see what that writing on the wall means." And it doesn't mean lengthy theatrical windows. It means eventually those movies are going to get to Netflix as soon as possible and the consumer will know they don't have to see it in theaters. In fact, maybe they shouldn't go to theaters at all.
Michael: 妮可,这种担忧合理吗?让我解释一下这种担忧是如何表达的。影院老板们写信说,Netflix对华纳兄弟的所有权对他们来说是一场灾难。凯尔,如果我没记错的话,电影制片人和编剧们也匿名写了一份备忘录,说这对他们来说会非常糟糕。所有制作电影并在影院上映的人都在谈论Netflix收购华纳兄弟,认为这预示着影院的末日。我很好奇你是否认为凯尔说得对,好莱坞认为任何相反的保证都是毫无意义的。
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Nicole, is that a justified fear? And let me just spell out how that fear has been expressed. There have been letters written from theater owners saying that the Netflix ownership of Warner Brothers is a disaster for them. There have been movie producers and writers, Kyle, correct me if I'm wrong, who've written a note, I believe it was anonymously, saying this would be really bad for them. The whole world of people who make movies that end up playing in a theater have been talking about Netflix buying Warner Brothers as kind of end times for the theater. And I'm curious if you think Kyle is right that Hollywood thinks that any assurances to the contrary are meaningless.
Nicole: 嗯,Netflix从未给出任何他们真正相信院线体验的保证。Netflix的联席首席执行官泰德·萨兰多斯(Ted Sarandos)一直贬低院线体验。他称之为营销噱头。他说它已经过时了。他不断地贬低整个事情,以至于没有人真正相信他。尽管现在他们进入了这个业务,因为他们必须说他们在这个业务中才能完成这笔交易,但认为他们这样做只是为了完成交易,并且将来会忽视院线市场,这并不是一个疯狂的想法。我的意思是,让我们明确一点,院线市场以及在影院销售电影所需的一切,确实是一项低效的业务。如果一个新人进来并说:“嘿,看看这个电影业务是如何运作的。”他们会说这太荒谬了。比如,你必须花费5000万美元在美国宣传一部电影,以便人们在首映周末出现。你花费两到三年制作电影。你花费这么多钱进行宣传。你可以在周六早上就知道你是否彻底失败(Dead in the Water: 指计划或项目完全失败,无法继续),电影被判定为成功或失败。它发生得如此之快。这就像以荒谬的赔率赌博。我能看到凯尔的头要炸了。我知道他是一个院线爱好者。
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Well, Netflix has never given any assurances that they really believe in the theatrical experience to begin with. Ted Sarandos, the co-CEO of Netflix, has constantly dismissed the theatrical experience. He's called it marketing stunt. He's said it's outdated. He's constantly kind of maligned the whole thing to a point where no one really believes him. And though now they're in this business because they have to say they're in this business in order to get this deal to close, it is not a crazy idea that they're only going to do it so that they can get the deal through and we'll ignore the theatrical market moving forward. I mean, let's be clear, the theatrical market and what is required to sell movies into theaters is really an inefficient business. If you have a newcomer come in and say like, "Hey, look at how this movie business works." They would say this is ridiculous. Like you have to spend $50 million to market a movie in the US so that people will show up on opening weekend. You spend two to three years making the movie. You spend this much to market. You can know on Saturday morning if you're dead in the water and the movie's been deemed either a hit or a failure. It happens that quickly. It's like gambling with ridiculous odds. I can see Kyle's head exploding. I know him to be a lover of the theatrical.
Kyle: 我也是院线体验的爱好者,但作为一项商业提议,它并不是一个好主意。然而,另一方面,它是创造文化对话(Cultural Conversation: 指在社会中引发广泛讨论和共鸣的话题或作品)的方式。它是让事物长久存在的方式。你可以出去问很多人他们最喜欢的Netflix电影是什么。
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I'm also a lover of theatrical experience, but as a business proposition, it's not a great idea. On the flip side, though, that is the way to create cultural conversation. It's the way to make something last for a long period of time. You can go out and ask lots of people what their favorite Netflix movie is.
Nicole: 我不认为有人能给出真正的答案。
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I don't think anyone has a real answer.
Kyle: 你可以出去问人们他们最喜欢的迪士尼电影是什么,或者你可以问他们去年在影院看过的最喜欢的电影是什么。即使你没有在影院看过,你也知道《芭比》在3000块银幕上映,是一件大事。然后你会在某个时候找到那部电影。整个文化对话确实始于电影院。虽然它完全低效,但它一直以来都是这样运作的。凯尔,你真的相信Netflix旗下的华纳兄弟不会在影院上映任何电影吗?我的意思是,理论上它很容易就能两者兼顾,即使没有其他原因,只是为了创造文化对话,制造话题,为你们每年报道的故事——颁奖季、奥斯卡、金球奖——制造话题。
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You can go out and ask people what their favorite Disney movie is, or you can ask them what their favorite movie was they saw in theaters last year. And even if you don't see it in theaters, you know that Barbie was on 3,000 screens and was a huge deal. And then you at some point will find that movie. That whole cultural conversation really starts in the movie theater. And while it is completely inefficient, it's kind of the way it's been working all this time. Kyle, are you really convinced that a Netflixowned Warner Brothers doesn't really put any movies in the theater? I mean, it could in theory very easily do both, if for no other reason, to create a cultural conversation, to create buzz, to create buzz for the story you end up covering every year, which is awards season, Oscars, Golden Globes.
Nicole: 是的,我的意思是,已经充分证明,在影院上映的电影一旦进入流媒体,往往表现更好,因为已经有了文化对话,因为它确实感觉像一个事件。那些仅仅出现在流媒体上的电影往往毫无声响。所以,你会认为让电影继续在影院上映符合Netflix的最佳利益。他们会为他们的奥斯卡竞争者进行非常敷衍的院线发行,但他们宁愿人们在自己舒适的家中观看这些电影。这些发行真的只是为了满足奥斯卡规则和那些积极争取某种院线元素的电影制作人。但我认为一旦不再有院线元素,如果影院真的像渡渡鸟一样灭绝,那将不是Netflix会哭泣的事情。
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Yeah. I mean, it's been amply proven that movies that come out in theaters tend to do better once they make their way to streaming because there has been that cultural conversation already because it did feel like an event. Movies that just appear on streaming often make no noise whatsoever. So, you would think it would be in Netflix's best interest to still put movies out in theaters. They do a very preuncter theatrical release for their Oscar contenders, but they'd really rather people see those movies in the comfort of their own home. Those are really just done to satisfy Oscar rules and filmmakers who are agitating to have some sort of theatrical component. But I think once there's no more theatrical component to be had if theaters really do go the way of the dodo, that's not going to be something that Netflix is crying about whatsoever.
Michael: 对。卡尔,你实际上已经向我解释过这一点。当你把一部电影送到影院时,影院会拿走很多钱。所以,如果你是Netflix,放弃50%、40%或30%的收入给某个影院并没有多大意义,因为你的核心业务是把流媒体视频发送到我在布鲁克林的卧室。
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Right. And Carl, you've actually explained this to me. When you send a movie to the theater, the theater takes a lot of the money. So, if you're Netflix, giving up whether it's 50 or 40 or 30% of your revenue to some theater doesn't make a whole lot of sense when your central business is sending a streaming video to my bedroom in Brooklyn.
Kyle: 我认为,你知道,Netflix有一些电影,如果它们在影院上映,是可以赚钱的,而且确实赚了钱。《K-pop Demon Hunters》有两个相当引人注目的周末,赚了钱。当然,《利刃出鞘》(Knives Out)系列,其中最后两部已经在Netflix上播出。如果这些电影获得真正强劲的长期发行,它们是可以在影院赚钱的,但我不认为这符合Netflix的最佳利益。他们完全愿意放弃那笔短期收入,如果这能保证他们拥有一个流媒体主导一切的长期未来。
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And I think, you know, Netflix has had movies that can and do make money if they're released in theaters. K-pop Demon Hunters had two sort of stunty weekends where it made money. Certainly, the Knives Out franchise, the last two of which have appeared on Netflix. Those movies can make money in theaters if they were given really robust long releases, but I don't think it's in Netflix's best interest to do so. They are perfectly willing to leave that short-term money on the table if it guarantees them a long-term future where streaming is dominant above all else.
Michael: 好的,所以这些是Netflix与华纳兄弟交易对创意社区和影院观众的明显不利之处。我想花一分钟谈谈有利之处。如果你是Netflix的订阅用户,我想知道你现在是否会花更少的钱获得更多内容。具体来说,如果你是Netflix的订阅用户,并且还订阅了HBO Max之类的服务,而Netflix将在这次交易中收购HBO Max。我认为可以肯定地说,我将快速进行一项调查。我们当中有谁同时订阅了HBO和Netflix?所有人。
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Okay, so these are the clear downsides of the Netflix Warner Brothers deal for the creative community and the theatergoer. I want to talk about the upside for a minute. And if you're a Netflix subscriber, I wonder if you're now going to get more for your money. Specifically, if you're a Netflix subscriber who also pays for something like HBO Max, which it would acquire in this deal. And I think it's safe to say, I'm going to do a very quick poll. Who among us subscribes to HBO and Netflix? Everybody.
Nicole: 是的。
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Yes,
Lauren: 我订阅了。
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I do.
Kyle: 是的。
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Yep.
Michael: 所有人。好的。所以理论上,当它们被整合到同一个屋檐下时,你可能会为这两项服务支付更少的费用,对吗?
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Everybody. Okay. So, in theory, you might be paying less for those two when they're housed under the same roof, right?
Lauren: 是的。是的,这是Netflix正在提出的论点,他们将为消费者提供更便宜的价格。但这是否属实,你知道,价格一直在上涨。他们不断提高消费者的价格。所以,你知道,他们可能会以较低的价格开始,然后价格可能会上涨。这不会是我们第一次看到这种情况发生。
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Yeah. Yeah, that's the argument Netflix is making that that's what they will provide consumers is a cheaper price. Whether or not that's true, you know, prices keep going up. They keep raising prices on consumers. So, you know, they may start with it lower and then that price may rise. It wouldn't be the first time we've seen that happen.
Michael: 简单地说,当它们由同一家公司拥有时,它们之间的竞争会减少。如果他们想让价格上涨,价格就会上涨。如果他们想让价格下跌,
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Suffice it to say, there will be less competition between the two of them when they're owned by the same place. If they want the price to go up, it will go up. If they want the price to go down,
Lauren: 完全正确。
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Exactly.
Michael: 价格就会下跌。劳伦,Netflix正在提出一个非常有趣的论点,关于为什么这次合并——它将许多东西整合到一个盒子中,突然变成了Netflix的盒子——不是垄断性的。我想知道你和妮可是否也愿意就此发表意见,能否简要总结一下Netflix的理由,说明为什么特朗普政府在反垄断(Antitrust: 指旨在防止垄断、促进市场竞争的法律和政策)方面不应该担心这个问题。如果你只看流媒体的市场份额,Netflix已经是一个巨头,现在它又收购了HBO,另一个流媒体。如果你只看这个小范围,到处都是危险信号。Netflix辩称,这不是正确的看待方式。他们会说,当你考虑今晚做什么,在哪里观看内容时,你不会想“我要看哪个流媒体?”你是在想“我要消费什么?”那可能是有线电视上的节目。那可能是TikTok。那可能是YouTube。这些都是不同类型的东西。所以,它是在说,监管机构在审视市场控制权时,应该考虑这种大背景,而不仅仅是流媒体。
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It will go down. Lauren, Netflix is making a pretty interesting argument about why this merger, which puts a lot of things in one box, which is suddenly Netflix box, is not monopolistic. And I wonder if you and Nicole feel free to chime on this too, can briefly summarize Netflix's case for why this is not something that the Trump administration should worry about when it comes to antitrust. So if you look at just share of streaming, Netflix is already a giant and now it's acquiring an HBO, another streamer. If you look just little pocket, red flags all over the place. Netflix is arguing that's the wrong way to be looking at it. They'd say when you're thinking about what to do tonight, where you're going to watch content, you're not thinking which streamer am I going to watch. You're thinking what am I going to consume? That could be TV on the cable. That could be Tik Tok. That could be YouTube. that is all different kinds of things. So, it's saying that regulators when they're looking at control of the market should be thinking about that backdrop, not just streaming.
Michael: 妮可,这个论点听起来有说服力吗?
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Nicole, does that argument feel compelling?
Nicole: 是的。我的意思是,那是Netflix的论点。根据尼尔森的数据,你知道,在电视总观看量方面,他们排名第六。YouTube排名第一,他们排名第六。如果他们与HBO和HBO Max合并,他们将占电视观看量的9%。这个指标仍然让他们排在迪士尼及其所有服务(包括ESPN和Hulu等)之下,并且基本上与NBC环球(NBC Universal)处于同一位置,后者既包括他们的线性运营(如NBC)也包括他们的有线电视运营。所以,这就是他们希望监管机构分析这个问题的方式。这是否会成为事实,还有待观察。派拉蒙作为竞争对手当然辩称它是垄断性的,并且确实构成了巨大威胁。
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Yes. I mean, that is Netflix's argument. According to Neielson, you know, they're sixth when it comes to total TV watching. YouTube is number one and they are sixth. If they combine with HBO and HBO Max, they'll be 9% of TV viewing. that still puts them in this metric beneath Disney and all of their services which that includes ESPN and Hulu and everything like that and basically at the same place as NBC Universal which counts both their linear operations like NBC and also their cable operations too. So that's the way they want the regulators to analyze this. Whether or not that's the case that will be made remains to be seen. Paramount of course as the rival bidder is arguing that it is of course monopolistic and that it does present a big threat.
Kyle: 同样重要的是要注意,TikTok和YouTube不购买有剧本的电视节目(Scripted Television: 指有预先写好的剧本、演员按照剧本表演的电视节目)。当这次合并的消息首次泄露时,我正在和一群职业演员玩扑克,我看到了他们脸上的绝望。他们已经被压榨得太多了。你知道,这些演员住在洛杉矶,为了工作常常不得不去外州甚至国外。现在,购买他们希望参与的电视节目和电影的地方将会更少。
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It's also important to note that Tik Tok and YouTube don't buy scripted television. When the first word of this merger leaked, I was at a poker game with a bunch of working actors and I just saw the despair on their faces. They've already been squeezed so much. You know, these are actors who live in Los Angeles who have to travel out of state and out of country often just to work. And now there are going to be fewer places that are buying the TV shows and movies that they hope to work on.
Michael: 好的。我们即将休息一下,回来后,我们将讨论替代交易,即派拉蒙收购华纳兄弟,是否会更好,无论是对创意社区及其对这笔交易的担忧,还是它引发的所有反垄断问题。所以,我们马上回来。
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Okay. So, we are about to take a break and when we come back, we're going to talk about whether the alternative deal, which is paramount buying Warner Brothers, is any better, whether it comes to the creative community and its concerns about this deal and all the antitrust issues that it raises as well. So, we'll be right back.
派拉蒙获胜的可能情景
Michael: 好的,欢迎回到我们的好莱坞版圆桌会议。妮可、劳伦和凯尔。我希望你们都能想象第二种可能性,那就是派拉蒙赢得华纳兄弟。Netflix的交易不知何故泡汤了,如果派拉蒙获胜,对我们迄今为止一直在谈论的所有利益相关者——电影制作人、消费者和监管机构——意味着什么。凯尔,让我从你开始。在这种情况下,谁是赢家,谁是输家?
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Okay, welcome back to our Hollywood edition roundt. Nicole, Lauren, and Kyle. I want you all to conjure the second possibility that it's Paramount that wins Warner Brothers. Somehow the Netflix deal blows up and what it would mean if Paramount prevails for all the constituencies that we have been talking about so far, the movie makers, consumers, and regulators. So Kyle, let me start with you. who wins and who loses in a Paramount victory here.
Kyle: 要预测那会是什么样子,我首先会看看Skydance自从与派拉蒙合并以来是如何对待派拉蒙的。你知道,大卫·埃里森已经表示出某种愿意迎合特朗普(Accommodate Trump: 指为了满足或取悦特朗普而调整立场或策略)。他已经任命巴里·韦斯(Barry Weiss)来管理CBS新闻。它已经略微向右倾斜。也有人猜测,埃里森之所以想要华纳兄弟探索公司,部分原因是为了以一种能取悦特朗普的方式重塑CNN。当谈到电影工作室时,很难想象埃里森会像对待《一场接一场的战斗》或《罪人》那样热衷于批准这类电影。
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To forecast what that might look like, I'd already look at how Sky Dance has treated Paramount since they made that merger. You know, David Ellison has signaled a sort of willingness to accommodate Trump. He has installed Barry Weiss to run CBS News. It has taken on a little bit of a rightward slant. There's also speculation that part of the reason that Ellison wants Warner Brothers Discovery at all is to remake CNN in a matter that would please Trump. When it comes to the film studio, it's hard to imagine then that Ellison would be as eager to greenlight films like One Battle After Another or Sinners,
Michael: 对吧?《一场接一场的战斗》,我实际看过的两部电影中唯一一部,显然是一部关于革命者对抗特朗普式政府的世界的电影。是的。而且对这些事情一点也不害羞。
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right? One Battle After Another, the only one of the two I've actually seen, is clearly a movie about a world where revolutionaries take on a Trumplike administration. Yeah. And not shy about those things at all.
Kyle: 所以,你一开始就提出了一个幽灵,那就是派拉蒙旗下的华纳兄弟工作室可能会在政治上变得中立化(Neutered: 指失去其原有力量、影响力或特征),这会是好莱坞创意阶层的一个担忧。
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So, you're raising the spectre right off the bat that a Paramount owned Warner Brothers studio becomes somewhat potentially politically neutered and that would be a worry for the creative class in Hollywood.
Nicole: 是的,绝对是。你知道,导演们已经要处理足够多的糟糕工作室意见了。我想任何试图通过这个系统制作出真正反传统(Iconoclastic: 指打破传统、挑战既定观念或权威)作品的人都值得称赞,如果你觉得你还得向总统汇报,那只会变得更糟。
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Yeah, absolutely. You know, directors have to deal with enough terrible studio notes as it is. Uh, I think anybody trying to get anything that is truly iconoclastic through this system deserves kudos and it's only going to be all the worse if you feel like you've got to report to the president, too.
Michael: 但就电影业务而言,妮可,既然你非常了解Netflix以流媒体为中心,如果派拉蒙接管华纳兄弟,它显然会想把内容放到其流媒体业务派拉蒙+上。但听起来,在这种安排下,影院的危险会小一些。
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But in terms of the movie business, Nicole, since you know very well how streaming centric Netflix is, if Paramount were to take over Warner Brothers, it would clearly want to put things on Paramount Plus, its streaming business. But it sounds like the theater would be in less danger in that arrangement.
Nicole: 是的,我认为在这种安排下,影院的危险会小一些。他们沉浸在传统的院线商业模式中。他们曾表示会每年发行多达30部电影,这正是影院想听到的。这就是他们想要的。这有助于凯尔所说的节奏(Cadence: 指事件发生的规律或频率)。但另一方面,这两家公司之间存在更多的冗余(Redundancies: 指业务或职位上的重叠,常导致裁员)。他们已经裁员了四到五千名员工。如果他们收购华纳兄弟,只会产生更多的冗余。在这种情况下,也会有更多的裁员。所以,从就业角度来看,在工作室层面,你会预计会有大量人失业。在这种情况下,整合都不是好事,人们会受到伤害。要么是在创意社区方面,要么是在工作室高管方面。只会发生很多变化。
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Yes, I think the theater would be in less danger in this arrangement. They're steeped in the traditional theatrical business model. They have said that they would release up to 30 movies a year, which is just all that the theaters want to hear. That's what they want. That helps with that cadence that Kyle was talking about. But on the flip side, there's more redundancies between those two companies. They're already laying off four to 5,000 employees. There's only going to be more redundancies if they buy Warner Brothers. And there's going to be a lot more layoffs in that scenario as well. So, from an employment standpoint, at the studio level, you would expect a ton of people losing their jobs. Consolidation isn't good in any scenario here, and people are going to be hurt. It's either on the creative community side or on the studio executive side. There's just going to be a lot of changes.
Michael: 嗯。无论谁最终获胜。
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Mhm. No matter who ends up winning.
Nicole: 完全正确。
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Exactly.
Michael: 劳伦,派拉蒙对华纳兄弟的论点是什么,为什么它应该被视为整个公司的理想追求者,而不是像Netflix那样只收购其中一部分?
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Lauren, what is Paramount's argument to Warner Brothers about why it should be seen as the ideal suitor for the whole company rather than for just a piece of it the way Netflix is arranging the deal.
Lauren: 它有两个主要论点:现金和确定性。所以他们今天在恶意收购中提出的报价是30美元。
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It has two main arguments, a cash and certainty. So the the bid they put out today is $30 in the hostile takeover.
Michael: 恶意收购,每股30美元给股东。这很干净。这是你可以放进口袋的钱,一劳永逸。嗯,
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The hostile takeover, $30 a share to shareholders. It's clean. It's money you can put in your pocket, be done with it. Um the
Michael: 当你说“干净”时,意思是它不是借来的。
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And when you say clean in your p it's it's not borrowed.
Lauren: 所以Netflix正在使用一些股票。所以不确定性较小。你不需要担心派拉蒙的股票是涨是跌,或者交易完成后表现如何。股东可以拿走现金,放进口袋然后走人。当然,他们只有在交易完成的情况下才能这样做。所以,派拉蒙正在大力推动的另一件事是监管确定性(Regulatory Certainty: 指企业在进行商业活动时,能够明确预见政府监管政策和法律法规的稳定性)。拉里·埃里森,大卫的父亲,与特朗普关系密切,有些人认为他可能帮助他们成功收购了派拉蒙,那次收购也面临着自己的挑战。所以,就像Netflix会说你应该拓宽你审视流媒体的市场一样,派拉蒙会辩称你需要审视娱乐业的演变,它现在正在与Netflix、谷歌、亚马逊等大型科技公司竞争,它需要变得更大才能与它们竞争。
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So Netflix is using some stock. So there's there's less uncertainty. You don't need to worry about whether or not Paramount's shares go up or down or how the deal performs after it closes. shareholders can take the cash, put it in their pocket and walk away. Now, they can only do that if the deal closes. So, the other thing that Paramount is pushing really hard is regulatory certainty. Larry Ellison, David's father, is close with Trump and some people thought he may have helped them in successfully acquiring Paramount, which faced its own challenges. So much like Netflix is going to say that you should be look broadening the market with which you look at streaming, Paramount is going to argue you need to look at the evolution of the entertainment industry and it's now competing against big tech like Netflix, like Google, like Amazon and it needs to be bigger in order to compete with them.
Michael: 换句话说,派拉蒙可能正在提出一个论点,谁知道它会有多大的说服力,那就是世界真正需要的是一个更大的流媒体竞争对手来对抗Netflix。所以,派拉蒙会说:“是的,如果我们完成这笔交易,我们将成为一个非常大的工作室。”但猜猜怎么着?传统工作室不再是唯一制作内容的。所以,从这个角度来看待竞争,而不仅仅是传统的老牌工作室之间的竞争。
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In other words, Paramount may be making an argument, who knows how compelling it will be, that what the world really needs is a bigger streaming rival to Netflix. So, Paramount will say, "Yes, if we do this deal, we will be a very large studio." But guess what? Traditional studios are no longer the only ones making content. So, look at the competition in that perspective, not just among the traditional old line studios.
Michael: 明白了。因此,这并非反竞争(Anti-competitive: 指限制或阻碍市场竞争的行为)。
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Got it. And therefore, this is not anti-
Lauren: 竞争性的。
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Competitive.
内容质量的未来:谁赢我们都输?
Michael: 所以,我作为消费者很好奇。我认为我们都有一个好奇心,那就是如果这些公司中的任何一家获胜,哪一家会制作出更好的内容。Netflix现在以一种模式而闻名,即你得到大量内容,但其中一些不那么好,一些很好,一些真的很好。如果他们赢了会发生什么?如果派拉蒙赢了,那些“真的很好”和“垃圾”的比例会怎样?
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So, I'm curious as a consumer. I think one of the curiosities we all have is which one of these companies, if they were to prevail, would make better stuff. Netflix is now kind of famous for a formula in which you get lots of stuff, but some of it ain't so good, some of it is good, some of it's really good. What happens if they win? What happens if Paramount wins to the quot of really really good and garbage?
Kyle: 迈克尔,你熟悉一部叫做《异形大战铁血战士》(Alien versus Predator)的电影吗?
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Michael, are you familiar with a movie called Alien versus Predator?
Michael: 不熟悉。
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No.
Kyle: 有一句口号比这部电影流传更广,那句口号是:谁赢,我们都输。
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There is a tagline that has outlasted this movie and that tagline is whoever wins we lose.
Kyle: 你知道,你可以说,也许收购华纳兄弟——它曾推出过一些经典之作——会让Netflix的电影和电视节目变得更好一点。这有可能,但很难说,尤其是在这些公司合并时,哪些创意高管会留任,会发生哪些冗余(Redundancies: 指因合并而产生的职位或部门重叠,可能导致裁员),谁会被吸收到哪个工作室,以及哪些高管因为突然与他们不喜欢、同级别的人共事而无法公平竞争。
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And you know, you can say, well, maybe buying Warner Brothers, which has put out some all-time classics, would make Netflix movies and television a little bit better. That's possible, but it's hard to say, especially as these companies merge, what creative executives are staying on board, what redundancies start to happen, who gets absorbed into what studio, and what executives can't play fair because suddenly they're, you know, rubbing shoulders with somebody else who's at their level that they don't like.
Kyle: 很难说这会如何发展。尽管我们很想说这会为消费者创造更好的内容,而且HBO本身确实被认为是电视的高端目的地(Premium Destination: 指提供高质量、高价值内容的平台)。
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It's very hard to say how this will shake out. And much as we'd like to say that this would create better content for a consumer and certainly HBO itself is considered the premium destination for television, right?
Kyle: 如果HBO完全被Netflix吸收,它会如何改变?如果任何一家公司收购了HBO,HBO会保留什么样的独立性?这很难预测。
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How does HBO change if it gets utterly absorbed into Netflix? And what kind of independence would HBO retain if either company acquired it? It's it's difficult to forecast.
Michael: 嗯。有趣的是,Netflix一直很欣赏HBO,并认为它是他们想要效仿的黄金标准。所以你可以想象他们会尽力以最好的方式保留它。但一旦他们意识到那些开发过程有多么昂贵,他们为了获得每年似乎在艾美奖上击败他们的那种精品内容(Prestige Content: 指高质量、高艺术价值、常获得奖项认可的影视作品)而投入的,对吧?他们可能就不会那么积极地投入那种资金,去制作每年赢得那些奖项的少数几部优秀节目。
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Mhm. And what's interesting is Netflix has always admired HBO and thought it was the, you know, gold standard that they wanted to emulate. So you could imagine that they will try and preserve it in the best way possible. But then once they realize how expensive those development processes are that they engage in in order to get the kind of prestige content that seems to beat them every year at the Emmys, right? they may not be as encouraged to spend that kind of money in order to make the few great shows that do win those prizes every year.
Nicole: 对。制作《权力的游戏》并不便宜。那只是一个现实。所以,卡尔和妮可,我相信你们都在说,如果你是Netflix或派拉蒙,你就有一些动机不去为精品电视(Prestige Television: 指高质量、高制作水准、常获得评论界赞誉的电视剧)支付高价。
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Right. Game of Thrones does not come cheap. That's just a reality. So, Carl and Nicole, what you're both saying, I believe, is that if you're Netflix or Paramount, you have some incentive not to pay top dollar for prestige television.
Nicole: 当然,这对于我们这些看着《权力的游戏》、还有《欲望都市》、《黑道家族》长大的人来说会很伤心。我正在第七次重温整个系列。所以那会很伤心。
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And that of course would be sad for those of us who grew up watching not just Game of Thrones, but Sex in the City, The Sopranos. I'm on my seventh full series rewatch. So that would be sad.
Kyle: 是的,你会期望这些公司会努力保留HBO带来的声望,但我们已经看到,在上次HBO与华纳兄弟探索公司的合并中,扎斯拉夫(Zaslav)太乐意稀释HBO品牌了。我的意思是,你手机或电视上的那个图标从HBO变为HBO Max再变为Max,然后又变回HBO,这发生了多少次?因为他们无法形成一个连贯的企业形象。扎斯拉夫认为HBO过于声望卓著(Prestigious: 指享有盛誉、地位高),他想用从探索公司引进的所有无剧本娱乐(Unscripted Entertainment: 指没有预先写好剧本的电视节目,如真人秀)来稀释它,所有这些真人秀节目,这些你在HBO上永远不会看到的东西,但他认为这会打开那个品牌。所以,尽管我们可能认为这些公司比搞砸HBO品牌更有头脑,但时间告诉我们,为了增加股东价值,各种错误的尝试都可能发生。
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Yes, you would expect these companies to try to retain that prestige that HBO brings, but we've already seen with the last HBO merger with Warner Brothers Discovery that Zassoff was all too willing to water down that HBO brand. I mean, how many times did that icon on your phone or your television change from HBO to HBO Max to just Max, then then back to HBO? Because they couldn't come up with a coherent corporate identity. Zassoff thought that HBO was too prestigious. He wanted to water it down with all this DRE that was imported over from Discovery, all these reality shows, things you'd never see on HBO, but that he thought would open that brand up. So, as much as we might like to think that these corporations have more sense than to mess with the HBO brand, time has told us that in the name of increasing shareholder value, all sorts of misbegotten bids might be taken.
Nicole: 对吧?我不知道你是否同意这一点,但Netflix教会了我们一些非常重要的东西,那就是人们会为数量(Volume: 指内容的数量或丰富程度),而不是对质量的完全投入而付费并持续付费。
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Right? And I don't know if you agree with this, but Netflix has taught us something really important, which is that people will pay and keep paying for volume over a complete devotion to quality.
Kyle: 我的意思是,Netflix两者都想要。他们想要数量,也想要质量。你知道,他们显然仍在参与颁奖季。金球奖提名今天早上公布了,他们被华纳兄弟击败了。所以,我的意思是,他们有一个庞大的颁奖运作团队。他们仍然非常相信这一点,但他们也想制作最适合你的内容。他们一直说,他们与睡眠竞争。他们希望你尽可能多地留在服务上。所以,他们会给你《星期三》(Wednesday),他们会给你《外交官》(The Diplomat),他们会给你各种各样的节目,只要你留在那个服务上。
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I mean, Netflix wants both. They want volume and they want quality. You know, it's very clear that they're still in the awards game. The Golden Globe announcements were this morning and they were bested by Warner Brothers. So, I mean, they have a big awards operation. It's something they still believe in a lot, but they also want to make what's best for you. What they've always said and they is they compete with sleep. They want you there as often as possible. So, they will give you Wednesday. They will give you the diplomat. They will give you a variety of programming just as long as you stay on that service.
最终结果预测与行业未来
Michael: 好的。我想我们已经到了对话的时刻,我们需要给听众一个路线图,告诉他们接下来会发生什么,以及谁最有可能最终赢得华纳兄弟这个皇冠上的明珠(Crown Jewel: 指最珍贵、最重要的资产)的控制权。所以,我想知道你们三位能否做出一个负责任的、基于新闻判断的猜测,关于劳伦,对华纳兄弟探索公司整体的恶意收购是否会成功,或者我们是否认为Netflix获得业务的流媒体和工作室部分的现有已宣布交易是最有可能的结果。
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Okay. So, I think we've reached the moment in the conversation where we need to give listeners a little bit of a road map of what to expect is about to happen and who is most likely to ultimately win control of this crown jewel, Warner Brothers. So, I wonder if the three of you can venture a responsible journalistically informed guess about whether a hostile takeover bid for the entirety of Warner Brothers Discovery might prevail, Lauren, or if we think the existing deal in which Netflix gets the streaming and studio part of the business already announced is the likeliest outcome.
Lauren: 嗯,就过去的先例(Precedent: 指可以作为未来类似情况参考的先前事件或决定)而言,恶意竞标通常不会成功。所以,仅仅基于这一点,我会把我的象征性赌注押在Netflix上。
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Well, to the extent that passed this precedent, hostile bids more often do not work than they do. So, just bas do not. So, just based off that, I would put my metaphorical money on Netflix.
Michael: 好的,妮可。
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Okay, Nicole.
Nicole: 这种情景的问题在于,我们有一个不可预测的总统,他已经介入了这个过程。所以,
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The problem with that scenario is that um we have an unpredictable president who's inserted himself into this process. So,
Michael: 他说,我将亲自参与这个决定。
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literally, I will be involved in this decision, he said.
Nicole: 完全正确。所以,我不知道我们现在如何能以史为鉴,因为我只是不知道会发生什么。我只是觉得我会观望,不押注任何一方。
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Exactly. So, I don't know how we can use past as president right now because I just don't know what's going to happen. I just think I'll hold and not bet on either.
Michael: 但是,妮可,我想插一句,这感觉很重要。虽然埃里森家族似乎与特朗普关系非常密切,但我从特朗普周末的回答中察觉到他对Netflix领导层有一种特殊的喜爱。当总统想让人们难堪时,如果有人问他问题,他通常会找到办法让他们难堪。但我感觉到他不愿意贬低Netflix或这笔交易。
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But just just to jump in on this, Nicole, this feels important. While the Allison seem to have a very strong relationship with Trump, I detected in Trump's answers over the weekend a certain fondness for the leadership of Netflix. When the president wants to make life difficult for people and he's asked a question, he usually finds a way to make life difficult for them. And I sensed a reluctance to denigrate Netflix or this deal.
Nicole: 是的,我同意。我的意思是,泰德·萨兰多斯(Ted Sarandos)曾多次前往海湖庄园(Mara Lago)。他于11月在白宫与特朗普会面,向他阐述了这笔交易,我想他可能也解释了他们希望市场如何被看待,即他们是电视市场的一部分,而不是流媒体市场的一部分。所以,综上所述,Netflix的报价已被华纳兄弟董事会接受,并且他们已经进入了独家谈判。这让他们处于领先位置(Pole Position: 指在竞争中占据最有利的起始位置),最有可能的情况是他们的竞标会成功。
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Yes, I agree. And I mean, Ted Sarandos has made those pilgrimages to Mara Lago. He went and met with Trump in November at the White House to lay out the deal for him and I think probably explain how he would like that market that we discussed to be perceived that they're a share of television and not a share of streaming. So with all that being said, I mean the Netflix offer has been accepted by the Warner Brothers board and they've entered into exclusive negotiations. That puts them in the pole position and the likely scenario would be that their bid goes through.
Michael: 嗯。凯尔,最后。
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Mhm. Kyle, finally,
Kyle: 我会说这正在制造一些美味的无剧本戏剧(Unscripted Drama: 指没有预设剧本,真实发生的戏剧性事件)。嗯,我不渴望看到季终集,但与此同时,他们正在给我们提供养料。
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I will say it's making for some tasty unscripted drama. Um, I'm not eager for the season finale, but in the meantime, they're keeping us fed.
Michael: 我想知道我们是否需要以一个更高层次的视角来结束这场对话,关于在这种整合时刻,电视和电影观看体验的现状。因为无论谁赢,整合都是故事的主线。
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I wonder if we need to end this conversation with something a little higher altitude about where the TV moviegoing experience is in this moment of consolidation. Because consolidation is the story no matter who wins.
Kyle: 绝对是。你知道,我认为很明显,正如这次对话所表明的,对院线发行的未来感到担忧是非常合理的。但我认为,对即将发生的事情更宏大、更长远的看法是,对电影未来的担忧。
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Absolutely. And you know and I think obviously uh as has been borne out by this conversation fear about the future of theatrical distribution is very justified. But I think the even biggerrained longer range take on what is about to happen is concern about the future of movies period. M
Kyle: 我不知道,当我们走向一个完全流媒体的未来,而院线继续枯萎(Die on the Vine: 指计划或项目在完成之前失败或被放弃)时,投资电影这种两小时的媒介是否符合流媒体公司的最佳利益。他们想抓住你的注意力,并让你尽可能长时间地留在他们的服务上。总的来说,一个10小时的限定剧或一个几乎不花钱的20小时真人秀是更好的方式,而不是一个独立的2小时娱乐作品,后者可能在遥远的未来才会有续集,如果真有的话。其他流媒体公司已经意识到这个教训。他们制作的电影比以前少了,包括Netflix。Netflix以前每周都会推出一部新电影。他们现在不再这样做了。我不确定如果这次收购成功,情况是否会变得更加强劲,因为最终,他们是花费2.5亿美元制作一部超人电影,还是宁愿将其制作成一个12集的系列剧,让你在服务上停留12小时而不是仅仅两小时?
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I don't know that as we move into an all streaming future and theatrical continues to die on the vine that it is in streamers best interests to invest in movies as a 2-hour medium. They want to capture your attention and keep you on that service for as long as possible. And by and large, a 10-hour limited series or a 20our reality show that costs virtually nothing is the better way to do it than a discrete piece of 2-hour entertainment that can be sequelized sometime far in the future, if at all. Other streamers have already realized this lesson. They're making fewer movies than they used to, including Netflix. Uh Netflix used to put out a new movie every week. They don't do that anymore. I'm not sure that that would feel much more robust if this acquisition goes through because ultimately does it behoove them to spend $250 million on a Superman movie or would they rather that be a 12 episode series that would keep you on the service for 12 hours instead of just two?
Michael: 这对于所有电影爱好者来说都是一个深刻而悲伤的评估,我相信有很多这样的人。我认为对于相当一部分人来说,这会是悲伤的,但这只是他们在家中,沉浸在连续流媒体节目海洋中的现实。
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That is a profoundly sad assessment for the cophiles out there, of which I'm sure there are many. I think for a fair number of people that's going to be sad, but it's also just their reality of being at home swimming in a sea of serial streaming shows.
Kyle: 游泳,也许是溺水。
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Swimming and maybe drowning.
Michael: 劳伦,妮可,凯尔,非常感谢你们。我们很感激。
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Lauren, Nicole, Kyle, thank you all very much. We appreciate it.
Lauren: 谢谢。
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Thank you.
Nicole: 非常感谢。
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Thank you very much.
Kyle: 谢谢。
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Thank you.
Michael: 我们马上回来。
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We'll be right back.
Michael: 这是你今天还需要知道的其他事情。国会议员们在他们最新的国防开支法案中加入了条款,要求五角大楼向他们提供导致加勒比海船只致命空袭的具体命令,以及这些袭击的未经编辑的视频。
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Here's what else you need to know today. Members of Congress have put language into their latest defense spending bill that would require the Pentagon to provide them with the specific orders that have led to the deadly air strikes on boats in the Caribbean and unedited videos of those attacks.
Michael: 这项要求得到了两党议员的支持,表明两党对特朗普政府就备受争议的空袭向国会提供的信息过少感到沮丧,白宫声称这些空袭正在杀死毒贩。周一,最高法院的保守派多数派似乎准备让特朗普总统更容易解雇独立的政府官员。
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That requirement, supported by members of both parties, signals bipartisan frustration with just how little information the Trump administration is giving Congress about the controversial air strikes, which the White House claims are killing drug dealers. And on Monday, the Supreme Court's conservative majority appeared ready to make it easier for President Trump to fire independent government officials.
Michael: 尽管有旨在保护他们免受政治压力的法律,但在大法官克拉伦斯·托马斯(Clarence Thomas)的质询下,总统的一位律师辩称,特朗普解雇此类官员的权力,即使是来自独立的联邦委员会,也是完全的。
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Despite laws meant to insulate them from political pressure under questioning from Justice Clarence Thomas, a lawyer for the president, argued that Trump's authority to fire such officials, even from independent federal commissions, was total.
Clarence Thomas: 你能走多远?它可以是任意的吗?完全任意的?
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How far do you go with that? Can it be arbitrary, completely arbitrary?
律师: 它是决定性的和排他性的。因此,任何对总统罢免行政官员的所谓不良理由的审查都将受制于政治程序。它将不受司法审查。
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It is conclusive and preclusive. So any review of arguably bad reasons for the president to remove an executive officer would be subject to the political process. It would not be subject to judicial review.
Michael: 然而,法院的自由派大法官不同意,称白宫的论点将赋予特朗普总统过多的权力。
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However, the court's liberal justices disagreed, saying that the White House argument would give President Trump far too much authority.
自由派大法官: 所以你想要的结果是,总统将拥有巨大的、不受制约的、不受控制的权力。
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So the result of what you want is that the president is going to have massive unchecked uncontrolled power. Not
Michael: 今天的节目由克莱尔·网球(Claire Tennis)、雷尔·邦贾(Relle Bonja)和卢克·范德普卢克(Luke Vanderpluk)制作。由马克·乔治(Mark George)编辑,佩奇·科瓦特(Paige Cowat)协助。包含艾丽西亚·埃图普(Alicia Etup)和帕特·麦卡斯克(Pat McCusker)的音乐,由克里斯·伍德(Chris Wood)录制。
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Today's episode was produced by Claire Tennis, Relle Bonja, and Luke Vanderpluk. It was edited by Mark George with help from Paige Cowat. Contains music by Alicia Etup and Pat McCusker and was engineered by Chris Wood.
Michael: 《The Daily》节目到此结束。我是迈克尔·巴罗。明天见。
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That's it for the daily. I'm Michael Boro. See you tomorrow.
📌 文中提及的人物和组织
人物: David Zaslav, David Ellison, Larry Ellison, Ted Sarandos, Donald Trump, Clarence Thomas
公司/组织: New York Times, Netflix, Paramount, HBO, Oracle, CBS, Google, Amazon, YouTube, TikTok, Disney, ESPN, Pentagon, Supreme Court, White House, Congress
媒体/书籍: The Daily, Casablanca, Batman, The Godfather, Mission Impossible, Ted Lasso, Minecraft, Sinners, Weapons, One Battle After Another, K-pop Demon Hunters, Knives Out, Barbie, Wall Street, Teldar Paper, Game of Thrones, Sex in the City, The Sopranos, Wednesday, The Diplomat