灾难遗珍的立体记录:用沉浸式新闻重建洛杉矶的坚韧与爱
在2025年1月的毁灭性火灾之后,阿尔塔迪纳(Altadena)和帕利塞德(Palisades)的受灾街区陷入了一片死寂,没有车流、没有孩童嬉闹、甚至连鸟鸣都消失了。面对这令人窒息的沉寂,作为沉浸式新闻(Immersive Journalism: 结合虚拟现实、3D扫描等新兴技术,构建全维度、非扁平化的立体报道,让受众得以用身体而非仅用双眼去体验新闻现场)的开创者,我深感身为记者的道德责任——我们必须去见证苦难、见证人性的挣扎。作为亚利桑那州立大学(Arizona State University)叙事与新兴媒体项目的创始主任,我迅速召集了同事和研究生,戴着新闻采访证深入被消防员称为“核爆镇”(Nuketown)的灾区。当时的火势虽已熄灭,但满目疮痍。面对这巨大的灾难,连见惯生死的消防员也主动为我们提供水和能量棒,此时我们不仅是记录者,更成为了这场灾难废墟上唯一的见证者,共同承受着难以言喻的震撼与悲痛。
Original English
Soundtrack for the apocalypse is silent. We felt the weight of that total absence of sound when we arrived in the devastated neighborhood of Altadena and the Palisades after the January 2025 firestorm. Our small crew of two or three was usually alone for blocks and blocks. There was no sound of cars or children or people or pool pumps or electricity across the lines. Even the birds were gone. I'm best known for having pioneered something called immersive journalism, which uses emerging technologies to create new stories that represent our world the way it really is: fully dimensional and not flat. People then can experience stories with their whole body and not just with their eyes. Also, as a journalist, I feel that we have a moral responsibility to bear witness to injustice, to wonder, to the human condition. With immersive journalism, I am merging those new technologies with that code of ethics. I'm also founding director for the Narrative and Emerging Media program at Arizona State University. So when the fires broke out, I mobilized my colleagues and my graduate students, and we went out to cover, using our Cronkite journalism news passes what firemen called “Nuketown.” When we got there, the fires were basically out, so there wasn't anything anyone could really do. But when we'd run into a fire crew, they would rush over, and we thought, "Wow, they're going to question our press passes." But no, they just wanted to help in any way that they could. And in our case, it was just water or granola bars. All of us were suffering from shock and sorrow as the sole witnesses for the devastation around us.
在建立这种记录的共识后,具体的现场拍摄工作面临着极大的技术与生理挑战。灾区空气有毒、酷热难耐,我们必须身穿防化服、脚蹬重型靴并佩戴双重过滤口罩。我们使用了由前路透社总经理、资深新闻摄影记者迈克·卡罗纳(Mike Caronna)设计的专业设备:将3D打印的特殊配件固定在长杆的顶端、中间和底部,从而能同时向各个方向进行拍摄。这些密集的拍摄点位随后会通过人工智能(Artificial Intelligence: 用于融合多角度图像以重建高保真三维模型的算法系统)进行无缝缝合。在实践中,我还需要用手机进行极其艰苦的微观捕获——你必须像使用画笔一样挥动镜头,捕捉废墟的每一个角落和角度,同时还要极力避开地上竖起的铁钉、碎玻璃和金属碎片。通过这种方式,我们的团队,包括研究生艾希礼·布施霍恩(Ashley Buschhorn)和不顾危险深入险境的同事玛丽·马西森(Mary Mathieson),记录下了烧焦的仙人掌、融化的垃圾桶、特斯拉轿车、冲浪车,甚至利用车前灯的光线拍下了正从山上滑落的报废汽车,与时间展开了一场抢救性的数字归档战。
Original English
It was grueling work. The air was toxic, it was incredibly hot. We were wearing hazmat suits and heavy boots and double-filtered masks. We were using specialized equipment designed by Mike Caronna, who is a photojournalist and the former general manager for Reuters. We had 3D-printed special parts that ... clamped to the top, middle and bottom of a pole, so we could shoot in every direction all at once. Each one of those dots represents a shot that we took, and then [they] would be fused together using artificial intelligence. I also used my phone to make very painstaking captures. You have to use your camera like a paintbrush and get every bit, every angle, and at the same time, make sure that you're not stepping on upturned nails or broken glass or shards of metal. This is my graduate student, Ashley Buschhorn. She was trying to capture a cactus that had been really weirdly burned only on one side. I'd often look up and see my colleague Mary Mathieson, and she’d been taking the gear into these incredibly dangerous situations, determined to get the best scan possible. We scanned fallen angels, buddhas, melted trash cans, Teslas [and] surf wagons. We filmed until the light was gone, every day. We even used our headlights to capture this car that was sliding down the mountain. We didn't know if it would be there the next day.
在推进技术记录的同时,我也承受着巨大的情感压力,因为这些废墟并非地图上的冰冷坐标,而承载着我熟悉之人的生活记忆。我们扫描的废墟中,有我带儿子上了多年课的大提琴老师的家,有我为大女儿举办婴儿派对的旧所,还有我妹妹好友的马术训练设备——她在火灾发生时奋不顾身地赶去Will Rogers公园营救马匹,自己的家却被烧成灰烬。更令我伤感的是,我曾站在一处坍塌至卧室的废墟旁,而一年前我正是在这间卧室里与因癌症去世的挚友做最后的告别。在这些悲痛的缝隙中,也发生了一些奇迹般的故事:我儿子的同学在火灾前夜因聚会把车停在废墟旁,本以为付之一炬,结果却通过社交媒体和我们的现场扫描确认车辆完好无损,甚至直接开走了。此外,在美国银行(Bank of America)大楼废墟下,许多被认为已烧毁的保险箱、传家宝和犹太人大屠杀历史文献其实完好无损,我们通过扫描记录下了这些无人看守的珍贵证据。后来,开发了《精灵宝可梦Go》(Pokémon Go)的Niantic公司得知了我们的工作,并使用这些3D模型数据来帮助受灾群众,这正是新闻工作者所追求的——让工作真正转化为服务社会的实际力量。
Original English
More than once, I'd have to leave the crew working and go sit in the car by myself. These weren't just places on a map. I grew up in and around these neighborhoods, and often we were scanning the homes of friends of mine. They hadn't even been back yet, they didn't even know the status of their own places. Like the cello teacher. This is a home we brought my son to for years, every weekend. This is a home where I held the baby shower for my first child. This is my sister's good friend's equipment. She taught horseback riding at Will Rogers Park, and when the fires broke out, she rushed over to go rescue the horses, and then her own home burned, and everything she owned was also destroyed. This was a particularly difficult moment because I was standing next to the wall that had collapsed over a bedroom, where I said goodbye to one of my best friends about a year earlier. She had died of cancer the next day. Her partner escaped with a small suitcase and a loaf of bread from their favorite bakery. The thumbnail was completely black, which is incredibly strange because none of my other thumbnails were like that on any of my scans. There was also some incredible stories. This was a house where my son spent most weekends during high school with a bunch of his buddies. One of his buddies had been there the night before the fire, and he left his car in front of the house and took an Uber home because they'd been out partying. They saw on Instagram an image which seemed to indicate his car was totally intact. So I called him when we got there to describe what we were seeing, and it was extraordinary. Other than ashes on top, his car looked [to be] in perfect condition. He later got into the car and just drove it away. Then there was the Bank of America building, where a lot of people had their safe deposit boxes, and they were told they'd been destroyed. They'd lost family heirlooms and Holocaust papers. But it turns out, underneath all this crazy rubble -- everything was safe. And here we were, taking these images, and there was nobody there guarding it. Niantic, the company that makes Pokémon Go, learned about the work we were doing, and they used our material to try to help folks who'd been impacted by the fire. And as a journalist, that's what you want, right? You want your work to be used in a way that can make an impact, that can help others.
我之所以对灾民的痛苦感同身受,是因为就在一年半前,我也经历了自己的火灾梦魇。我的家庭工作室因电动自行车锂电池(Lithium-ion Battery: 高能量密度的二次电池,在失控时具有极高热量和爆炸风险)爆炸,导致我一生积累的个人与职业资料、摄影和视频档案、日记及家庭记忆付之一炬,我甚至吸入浓烟烧伤了牙龈和肺部,留下了永久性的食道神经病变。然而,在灰烬之中,一些奇妙的记忆碎片竟然幸免于难:我大学时代为好友拍的照片,以及27年前丈夫在第一次约会后写给我的求婚情书。在现实的维权博弈中,我当时为工作室做出的光度测量扫描与3D建模(3D Scanning & Photogrammetry: 利用多角度图像并结合 AI 算法融合生成三维立体模型的数字化建模技术)甚至在与保险公司的索赔中起到了关键作用——它无可辩驳地证实了被烧毁的沙发等资产的存在。更不可思议的是,2009年我在南加州大学聚会上让影星马克·哈米尔(Mark Hamill)签名的 program 卡片,这张本该易燃的纸张竟然在连消防员都束手无策的锂电池大火中幸存了下来,上面写着:“原力将永远与你同在”。在这场灾难一周年之际,我呼吁大家传递心中的爱,共同支持我们的邻里和社区。定义我们的不是我们失去了什么,而是我们爱着谁,以及如何将这份爱传递下去。静默不是空虚,而是反思、记忆和重建的起点。
Original English
I also had a third motivation about why I was doing the work I was doing. I really understood personally the helplessness and just the feelings of loss, because a year and a half earlier, I'd had my own fire. This was my home studio where I'd lost everything personally and professionally from pretty much my entire life. During COVID, I had closed up my offices in Santa Monica and I'd brought everything here. I mean, no one was coming to work, so this is where I thought it would be safe. It turned out, my electric bicycle battery had exploded. I lost projects and equipment. I lost photos and video archives, diaries, family memories. I inhaled smoke. I burned my gums. I damaged my lungs. And I now have what might be a permanent neuropathy in my esophagus. When I looked at the remains of what had been decades of my life, I just thought it was all gone. But a few strange things actually survived. This is a photo I took in college of one of my best friends. My husband of 27 years ago, he wrote me this love letter after our first date and it said, "I think I see a kindred spirit in you, and if you invite me, I'll cross the country in a heartbeat." Well, I invited him and he asked me to marry him on our second date. I also used my scans with my battle with the insurance company. Like, they didn't want to pay on this sofa because I didn’t have a receipt, and the receipt had been burned in the fire. My scans showed very clearly there was a sofa in there, and they had to pay on that. And it was one of the reasons why I was out there, scanning everybody's homes. I wanted them to be able to use what we had in any way that they could. Another thing strangely survived the fire. In 2009, I was at an event at the University of Southern California, and Mark Hamill was at the adjacent table. Now, I grew up in LA, and normally I don't bug celebrities. I just let them go about their lives peacefully, right? But my son was six and I couldn't resist. I asked Mark Hamill to sign the program card. And that flammable, fragile piece of paper, it somehow survived a lithium-battery fire that was so hot that the fire folks said it had to burn its course. And there it was, like, it drifted right on top of the hellscape that used to be my entire life. And not only that, Mark Hamill wrote a message. "The force will be with you always. Your pal, Mark Hamill." I can't help but take that message literally. The force, it's within us all. And it's not what we lose that defines us. It's who we love and how we take that love forward. I know personally, when you’re looking at what [are] the remains of what had been a vibrant life, you can't help but feel like everything is gone. But silence is not emptiness. It's a place to reflect and remember, to imagine the wild ways we can rebuild and to consider what really endures. And now, as we come to the one-year anniversary of the fires, I'm calling on everyone to feel the force, to think about that love within you and help support our friends, our neighbors, our communities. Together, we can rebuild Los Angeles, better and more resilient. Thank you. (Applause)