美国总统权力之争、医保补贴困境、在线赌场兴起与伊朗社会变革 New York Times Podcasts 2025-12-08

美国总统权力之争:最高法院将审理关键案件

来自《纽约时报》的头条新闻。我是Will Jarvis,代班Tracy Mumford。今天是12月8日星期一。以下是今天早晨我们将报道的内容。

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From the New York Times, it's the headlines. I'm Will Jarvis in for Tracy Mumford. Today's Monday, December 8th. Here's what we're covering this morning.

最高法院将审理一宗关于总统权力(Presidential Power: 指美国总统在宪法和法律框架内行使的各项职权,包括行政、立法、司法等方面的权力)的重大案件,该案可能颠覆现代美国政府的基本结构。

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The Supreme Court will hear arguments in a major case about presidential power that could upend the fundamental structure of the modern US government.

该案件的核心是,特朗普总统今年早些时候是否有权解雇一名民主党籍的联邦贸易委员会(Federal Trade Commission: 负责执行反垄断法和消费者保护法的美国独立政府机构)成员。

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The case centers on whether President Trump had the right to fire a Democratic member of the Federal Trade Commission earlier this year.

特朗普表示,她与他的议程不符,尽管根据法律,委员只能因少数特定原因被免职,其中包括渎职。

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Trump said she didn't align with his agenda, even though by law commissioners can only be removed for a narrow set of reasons, including neglect of duty.

这项法律旨在使独立的政府官员免受政治干预。

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That law was designed to insulate independent government officials from politics.

现在,特朗普政府将要求大法官们推翻数十年的先例,扩大总统解雇二十多个联邦机构官员的权力。

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Now, the Trump administration will be asking the justices to overturn decades of president and expand the president's ability to fire officials at more than two dozen federal agencies.

自特朗普上任以来,最高法院曾多次允许他以紧急方式进行解雇,例如在联邦贸易委员会的解雇案。

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Since Trump took office, the court has repeatedly allowed him to go ahead with firings like the one at the FTC on an emergency basis.

但今天的案件将是最高法院首次有机会就总统是否应拥有对行政部门更直接的控制权做出最终裁决。

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But today's case will be the first chance for it to issue a conclusive ruling on whether the president should have even more direct control over the executive branch.

最高法院保守派多数成员中的一些人,包括首席大法官约翰·罗伯茨,多年来一直暗示他们渴望这样做。

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Some members of the court's conservative majority, including Chief Justice John Roberts, have been signaling for years that they've been eager to do exactly that.

他们采纳了所谓的单一行政权理论(Unitary Executive Theory: 一种宪法理论,认为美国宪法将所有行政权力赋予总统,因此总统对行政部门拥有绝对控制权),该理论认为宪法将所有行政权力赋予总统。

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They've embraced what's known as the unitary executive theory that says the Constitution gives all executive power to the president.

与此同时,最高法院的自由派成员警告称,赋予总统随意解雇机构负责人的权力将损害这些机构的两党合作性和独立性。

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The court's liberal members, meanwhile, have warned that giving a president the ability to fire agency heads at will would undermine their bipartisanship and independence.

代表被解雇的联邦贸易委员会委员的法律团队负责人警告说,如果最高法院支持政府,那将赋予总统“国会和历任总统共同选择不单独赋予总统的巨大新权力”。

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And the head of the legal team representing the fired FTC commissioner has warned that if the court sides with the administration, it would give the president quote vast new powers that Congress and prior presidents working together chose not to vest in the president alone.

美国医保补贴困境:国会面临最后期限

我认为美国人民难以负担医疗费用已是既定事实,他们正期待国会共同努力寻找解决方案。

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I think it's pretty well established the American people are having a hard time affording healthcare and they are looking to Congress to work together to find solutions.

在国会山,共和党议员们的时间所剩无几,他们面临着数百万美国人医疗费用问题的迫在眉睫的最后期限。

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On Capitol Hill, the clock is ticking for Republican lawmakers as they face a looming deadline over health care costs for millions of Americans.

今年年底,奥巴马医保补贴(Obamacare Subsidies: 根据《平价医疗法案》向低收入和中等收入个人及家庭提供的财政援助,旨在帮助他们支付医疗保险费用)即将到期,这可能导致许多美国人的医疗保险费翻倍。

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At the end of the year, Obamacare subsidies are set to expire, which could more than double health insurance premiums for many Americans.

民意调查显示,这些补贴广受欢迎,大多数接受补贴的选民表示,如果财政支持消失,他们将归咎于共和党。

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Polling shows that the subsidies are broadly popular and that most voters who receive them say they'd blame Republicans if the financial support disappears.

我们可以推动右翼或左翼的宏大构想,但我们必须在三周内找到解决方案。

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We can push for big ideas, grandiose ideas on the right or the left, but we got to have a solution for 3 weeks from now.

在这种政治压力下,共和党参议员比尔·卡西迪上周主持了一场卫生委员会听证会,鼓励他的同事们寻找一个临时解决方案。

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Amid that political pressure, Republican Senator Bill Cassidy led a health committee hearing this past week, encouraging his colleagues to find a stop gap solution.

到目前为止,卡西迪提出了一项直接向消费者提供医疗费用的计划,而众议院两党议员团体则提出了一项短期、缩减版的现有补贴延期方案。

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So far, Cassid's floated a plan that would give money directly to consumers for healthcare, and a bipartisan group of House lawmakers has pitched a short-term scaledback extension of the existing subsidies.

但国会中的共和党多数派尚未就任何特定计划达成共识。

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But the Republican majority in Congress hasn't coalesed around any particular plan.

一位为共和党提供建议的健康政策分析师表示,他不知道是否有可能在三周内完成这项工作。

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And one health policy analyst who advises Republicans said that he didn't know if it was possible to get something done in 3 weeks.

他说,任何提案最重要的特点是它是否得到特朗普总统的支持,而特朗普总统在医疗保健辩论中基本保持了沉默。

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He said the most important feature of any proposal is whether it has the support of President Trump and he's largely stayed out of the healthcare debate.

与此同时,今年秋天将延长补贴作为政府停摆斗争核心的民主党人表示,有一个简单的解决方案。

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Meanwhile, Democrats who put extending the subsidies at the center of the government shutdown fight this fall say there's a simple solution.

担心美国人将如何应对医疗费用飙升的共和党人可以与他们一起投票延长税收抵免。

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Republicans who are worried about how Americans will react to a surge in health care costs can vote with them to extend the tax credits.

参议院民主党人表示,他们计划本周就一项为期三年的补贴延期方案进行强制投票,该方案将使补贴保持在现有水平。

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Senate Democrats say they plan to force a vote this week on a three-year extension of subsidies that would leave them at their current levels.

在线赌场兴起:州政府的税收与社会代价

拉斯维加斯发生的一切不再只留在拉斯维加斯。在全国各地玩快速老虎机。这是拉斯维加斯,宝贝。就在你的口袋里。

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What happens in Vegas stays not anymore. Play quick hit slots across the country. It's Vegas, baby. Right here in your pocket.

越来越多的州正着手将在线体育博彩以及在线赌场合法化。

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A growing number of states are moving to legalize not just online sports betting, but online casinos.

寻找大奖?来这里,人们可以直接通过手机在老虎机、二十一点和宾果等游戏上下注。

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Looking for jackpots? Right this way, where people can put money on games like slots, blackjack, and bingo right from their phones.

到目前为止,已有七个州将在线赌场合法化,纽约、俄亥俄州和美国其他地区的立法者也在考虑这样做。

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So far, seven states have legalized the online casinos, and lawmakers in New York, Ohio, and other parts of the US are considering it, too.

一个主要吸引力是税收收入。

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One major appeal is tax revenue.

例如,在宾夕法尼亚州,这些游戏现在每月带来超过1亿美元的税收。

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In Pennsylvania, for example, the games now bring in more than $100 million in taxes each month.

支持合法化的立法者表示,这种现金可以帮助资助教育等公共服务,而无需提高所得税。

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Lawmakers who support legalization say that kind of cash can help fund public services like education without raising income taxes.

然而,这种利润丰厚的政府新资金来源也付出了代价。

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But the lucrative new source of government funding has come at a cost.

这些游戏可能令人上瘾,并使人们很容易在不离开家的情况下损失巨额资金。

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The games can be addictive and have made it easy for people to potentially lose huge amounts of money without even leaving their homes.

自宾夕法尼亚州将在线赌场合法化以来,这些游戏已成为该州赌博支持热线接到的求助电话的首要原因。

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In the years since Pennsylvania legalized online casinos, the games have become the number one reason for calls to the state's gambling support hotline.

在西弗吉尼亚州,一位45岁的女性告诉《泰晤士报》,自这些游戏在该州合法化以来,她已损失了近2万美元。

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And in West Virginia, one 45-year-old told the Times that she's lost almost $20,000 since the games were legalized there.

她称这是政府的“抢钱”行为,并表示:“他们根本不在乎一个人是否上瘾。”

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She called it a cash grab by the government, saying, quote, "They don't care if a person's addicted."

Netflix收购华纳兄弟探索公司引发好莱坞愤怒

过去几天,当好莱坞开始消化Netflix打算收购华纳兄弟探索公司的消息时,那里似乎弥漫着一种主导情绪:愤怒。

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In the past few days, as Hollywood has started to process the news that Netflix intends to buy Warner Brothers Discovery, there seems to be one dominant feeling there. Anger.

周五,Netflix表示计划斥资800多亿美元收购这家标志性工作室以及HBO Max,从而控制从《乐一通》到《绿野仙踪》再到《哈利·波特》的一切。

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On Friday, Netflix said it plans to spend 80 plus billion dollars to scoop up the iconic studio along with HBO Max, giving it control of everything from Looney Tunes to The Wizard of Oz to Harry Potter.

Netflix已告知投资者,这笔交易将有助于其吸引和留住更多订阅用户。

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Netflix has told investors the deal will help it attract and retain more subscribers.

但演员、编剧和行业专业人士警告称,此次合并将具有破坏性和危害性。

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But actors, writers, and industry professionals are warning the merger would be disruptive and damaging.

他们担心Netflix的收购可能会缩小独立电影的市场,而且如果这家流媒体巨头决定不再将电影院线发行作为重点,也可能损害该行业的商业模式。

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They're worried that the Netflix takeover could shrink the marketplace for independent film and also that it could undermine the industry's business model if the streaming giant decides to move away from releasing movies into theaters.

Netflix的联合首席执行官表示,“目前”不会有任何改变,但他此前曾称电影院是一个过时的想法。

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The co-CEO of Netflix says nothing will change quote right now, but has previously called movie theaters an outmoded idea.

一个代表全国影院的团体负责人称此次潜在收购是“前所未有的威胁”,并誓言将与之抗争。

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The head of a group that represents theaters across the country called the potential acquisition an unprecedented threat and vowed to fight it.

美国编剧工会(Writers Guild of America)在一份声明中表示:“全球最大的流媒体公司吞并其最大的竞争对手之一,正是反垄断法(Antitrust Laws: 旨在防止垄断、促进市场竞争、保护消费者利益的法律)旨在阻止的。”

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And the Writers Guild of America said in a statement, "The world's largest streaming company swallowing one of its biggest competitors is what antitrust laws were designed to prevent."

这笔交易的命运现在掌握在华盛顿的联邦监管机构手中。

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The fate of the deal is now in the hands of federal regulators in Washington.

最终敲定可能需要数年时间。

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It could take several years to finalize.

伊朗社会变迁:青年人推动公共自由边界

最后,在伊朗,《泰晤士报》一直在报道一场引人注目的社会变迁。

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And finally, in Iran, the Times has been covering a remarkable social shift.

多年来,伊朗的强硬派伊斯兰政府一直以其对从舞蹈、歌唱到男女混合聚会等一切事物的广泛限制而闻名。

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For years, the country's hardline Islamic government has been known for its widespread restrictions on everything from dancing to singing to mixed gender gatherings.

但在最近几个月,许多伊朗人开始突破公共场合允许的界限。

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But in recent months, many Iranians have started pushing the boundaries of what's allowed in public.

我们看到了大量来自伊朗的视频,年轻人在流行音乐会、户外音乐会上跳舞、欢呼雀跃。

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We've seen videos pouring in from Iran of young people dancing and jumping up and down at pop concerts, outdoor concerts.

沙漠里有狂欢派对,还有晨间瑜伽课。

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There's rave parties in the deserts. There's morning yoga class.

街头音乐家在首都德黑兰及其他地方已成为常见的景象。

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Street musicians have become a common sight around the capital Tehran and other places.

这些场景在仅仅五年前还是不可想象的。

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These are scenes that just 5 years ago would have been unthinkable.

它们无疑是真正指向变革的场景。

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They're certainly scenes that really point to change.

法拉兹·菲为《泰晤士报》报道伊朗。

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Faraz Fhi covers Iran for the times.

她说,政府仍然不容忍政治异见。

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She says that the government still doesn't tolerate political disscent.

处决和死刑很常见,但政府似乎出于几个不同的原因允许了新的社会自由。

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Executions and death sentences are common, but it seems to be allowing the new social freedoms for a few different reasons.

一方面,他们有点睁一只眼闭一只眼,因为他们正在处理许多其他危机,从水资源短缺到能源短缺,再到糟糕的经济状况。

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On one hand, they're kind of turning a blind eye because they're dealing with so many other crises from shortage of water to energy shortage to a terrible economic situation.

所以政府确实问题缠身,他们小心翼翼,因为他们不想给自己制造另一场危机。

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So the government really has its hands full of problems and it's kind of treading carefully because they don't want to create another crisis for themselves.

他们不想镇压并开始逮捕年轻人,从而冒着引发另一次起义的风险。

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They don't want to crack down and start arresting young people and risk another uprising.

但我也认为人数太多了,你不可能逮捕数百万人。

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But also I think they're too many like you can't arrest millions of people.

这现在已经演变成不仅仅是德黑兰的一个街区,也不仅仅是一个城市。它确实是全国性的。

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This is now turned into it's not just one neighborhood in Thran. It's not just one city. It's really nationwide.

这种变化如此明显,如此普遍,以至于他们根本无法像五六年前那样把这个精灵重新关回瓶子里。

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The change is so visible. It's so widespread that they just simply can't put this genie back in the bottle the way that it was five or six years ago.

所以,我们在伊朗采访的人告诉我们,年轻人和女性正在为社会变革进行一场持久战,并且觉得他们正在取得胜利。

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So the, you know, the people we interviewed in Iran were telling us that the young people and the women were playing the long game for social change and feel like they're winning.

以上就是今天的头条新闻。我是Will Jarvis。Tracy Mumford明天将回归。

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Those are the headlines. I'm Will Jarvis. Tracy Mumford will be back tomorrow.

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