特朗普的首都改造雄心与民意两极分化
在迎接美国建国250周年之际,特朗普政府斥资数亿美元对华盛顿特区的标志性公共空间进行大规模改造,包括反思池(Reflecting Pool)、拉斐特公园(Lafayette Park)以及备受争议的凯旋门(Triumphal Arch)提案。这些工程引发了公众截然不同的反应。一方面,一些市民和游客对工程的拖延表示不满,例如一位祖母因反思池施工而打乱了孙女的生日之旅,认为政府未能按时完成关键项目。另一方面,也有支持者认为这些改造是积极的举措,能够“修复”并“美化”华盛顿特顿,甚至赞扬其“大胆突破官僚繁文缛节”,将首都恢复昔日辉煌。然而,另一些批评者则认为这些项目完全出于特朗普的个人虚荣心(ego),而非为了国家利益,并指责政府在改造过程中无视旨在保护纳税人(taxpayer)资金和城市历史完整性(historical integrity)的法规。
Original English Source
Do you have a minute? We make a podcast called The Daily. Sure. We're in town looking at all of the renovations and construction work that President's undertaken the reflecting pool, Lafayette Park, and the arch that's going to be built behind us. And we're just trying to figure out what people are thinking about it. I think it's a mess. I really I'm really disappointed because we're here for my granddaughter's 16th birthday. She wanted to come to DC to see all the stuff and I really thought that pool would be finished. I'm very sad that this year our trip they're renovating the pool because all the other years before they saw very nice views from the pool and we should have been allowed to see. Can I say from the New York Times? I'm Michael Babaro. What do you think about the reflecting pool? You think that should be open? This is The Daily. In the leadup to America's 250th birthday this summer, President Trump is spending hundreds of millions of dollars on a massive renovation of the nation's capital. I think it's good. They're fixing it up, making it look pretty. This is Washington DC. Everyone's going to come here. And depending on where you sit, these projects are either boldly slicing through bureaucratic red tape to bring Washington back to its glory. Love him. I 100% behind him. He's making this wonderful DC look greatly beautiful again. All right. Tell us about your the arch. The arch 100% behind the arch as well. Or I think when things are done, why change them and then change them again? It was made that way for a reason, wasn't it? They are blowing through every single rule and regulation designed to protect taxpayer dollars and safeguard the historical integrity of the city. I personally don't like any of it. I believe it's all about his ego and not about our country. And so for me, that doesn't work. So today we're taking a walking tour of the sites that Trump is remaking with our colleague David Fenthal who has been investigating exactly how these projects have come together and what they will mean for the country's most iconic public spaces. It's Monday, June 1st. Hey, hello David. What's going on, man? Pleasure. You, too. Our tour guide has arrived. How you? Welcome to DC. Thank you so much. Thank you for being our tour guide today.
拉斐特公园喷泉:秘密合同与成本迷雾
记者戴维·芬萨尔(David Fenthal)深入调查了这些改造项目的合同细节。他发现,拉斐特公园(Lafayette Park)喷泉的修复合同竟然是秘密(secret)进行的,未在任何政府公共支出数据库中备案,这对于非军事或非掩体(bunker)建设项目而言极其罕见(very unusual)。这份合同最终以无竞标(no-bid)方式授予了克拉克建设公司(Clark Construction),该公司是一家总部位于马里兰州的大型企业,长期与政府合作。通常,政府项目需要通过竞争性招标,以确保纳税人获得最优性价比。然而,特朗普政府援引“紧急情况”条款,声称需在7月4日国庆日前完成,尽管这一250周年庆典(250th anniversary)早已在日程上。芬萨尔的调查显示,这份1700万美元的合同,远超此前独立估算的3400万美元的一半,且在计算通货膨胀时存在重复计算的异常情况(odd)。这引发了人们的疑问:这份高价合同是否是对与特朗普有“特殊关系”的承包商的“恩惠”?
Original English Source
So, our plan, if you sign on to it, Yes. is for you to take us to the biggest construction sites across the mall. We're going to start where we're standing in front of Lafayette Park in downtown Washington DC. Literally a stones throw from the White House. Then we're going to go to the reflecting pool and we're going to end with the arch. But your reporting, as best I can tell, on all this starts right here in Lafayette Park. That's right. So, just tell us that story. So, I cover government contracts. I write about how the government spends its money and the way that it chooses the people it pays. President Trump in his second term has been obsessed and very ambitious about changing Washington, renovating, repairing, improving the physical surroundings of downtown Washington, the place where he works. And those projects are happening all over. And I was really interested in seeing how those projects came together. What were those contracts like? Who was getting paid? How are they getting paid? And how did they get selected? And my curiosity led me to this one particularly in the renovation of Lafayette Park particularly because of what I found in government contracting records or more precisely what I didn't find. The contract to fix this park is secret. It doesn't exist in any of the public databases of government spending. That's unusual. Yes. Very unusual for something like this. Right. We're not building a missile launch site. This is not a bunker. There seemed to be no reason why it would be secret. And then when we did get a copy of that contract, the story we pieced together was even more interesting. Now, what needs to happen in Lafayette Park is fairly simple. There's a couple of fountains built in in the 1960s that don't work. And after talking to many, many people about Washington fountains, I've come to the personal belief that fountains are just a demonstration of man's hubris, the belief that we can harness and conquer nature. And we were always proven wrong. Fountains always break. I mean, and just to say like it's a big fountain that right in front of us. looks like I don't know maybe 300 400 ft across. It's not the Bellagio, but it is a pretty big fountain. There's two fountains. Each of them has sort of two spray rings as they call them and they don't work. They haven't worked for a few years. So, the job was to just repair those so the water could start flowing again. it's not top secret. It's not particularly hard. It's something that happens in the government all the time. But what we found was that the contract was given out on a no bid basis. So the government selected a contractor without going through the legally required process of comparing offers and figuring out who could do the best job for the least money, right? Which is what most people think of as just best practice. Whether you're having a tree taken down in your yard or a deck built on your house, you ask two, three, if you're really ambitious, four companies to tell you what they're going to charge you, right? When it's your money, that seems obvious, right? And the reason these laws exist is because the government is not spending its own money. They have to Yeah. They have to make sure that the government follows these procedures so that they're getting the same good deal for us, the taxpayers, that we would try to get for ourselves if it was our air conditioner that broke or our plumbing or our fountain or whatever. Right. And what's the administration's rationale for giving this contract out with zero bidding process? Well, they've cited an exemption that does exist in the law for urgent situations. These are times when there's no time to seek other bids because there's some sort of emergency going on often in natural disasters or wartime. They've cited that as a reason not to seek other bids and just go with this bid here. And the urgency in this case is not a war obviously or a natural disaster, but just that the president wants this done by July 4th for the 250th, right? But remember the 250th anniversary of the country has been on the calendar for 250 years. And also the Trump administration started talking about this and caring about this last spring. So, it's not like this deadline July 4th, 2026 appeared for the first time out of nowhere in the beginning of this year. It's something that had been on their calendar from the beginning. And David, once you figure out what's inside of this contract, what do you come to understand about how much this one bidding company is charging we the taxpayers for these fountains? Right now, this contract is worth $17 million. And what we were able to tell by looking inside the government's contracting records was that the original estimate the government had gotten from this job. It had reached out in the Biden era, an independent estimator to get a sense of how much it ought to cost was about $34 million. And you could tell by looking in the records that the Trump administration had gone into that and pumped that figure up in a couple of ways that contracting officials told us was odd. Such as, well, they counted inflation twice. They increased it for inflation and then increased it again for inflation. I want to count inflation twice. Right. Exactly. If if I'm selling a home, I'm definitely going to do that. And $17 million in the grand scheme of federal funding is not a ton of money, just to be clear, right? It's like half of a wing of a fighter plane, right? How are we to really think about why that number is a big deal. It's not a lot of money in the context of the federal government, but it it's really emblematic of something that we have seen all over Washington and in some places all over the federal government, which is that Trump administration is bypassing the competitive process that is set up in the law to make sure taxpayers get the best deal and handing out contracts without competition, often to companies that have some sort of connection to the president or his administration.
克拉克建设:白宫舞厅与喷泉合同的关联
克拉克建设公司(Clark Construction)之所以能获得拉斐特公园喷泉的无竞标合同,其背后原因值得玩味。该公司与特朗普政府保持着“特殊关系”,因为他们同时负责建造白宫舞厅(White House ballroom)项目。尽管舞厅项目的真实成本和资金来源不明(特朗普曾声称全部来自私人捐款,后又向国会申请10亿美元安保资金,并宣称克拉克公司免费承建),但这种关联让外界猜测喷泉项目可能是对克拉克公司“示好”的一种方式。特朗普政府给出的理由是克拉克公司的设备已在附近,且具备安全许可(security clearance)可在白宫周边工作,方便了项目执行。然而,批评者指出,尽管白宫内部建筑有其特殊规定,但拉斐特公园位于白宫围栏之外,应遵守正常的联邦采购法律。这表明特朗普政府将处理白宫舞厅的“秘密和总统亲选承包商”模式,延伸到了正常的公共领域项目。
Original English Source
Okay. Well, since you raised it, what should we know about the company that got this no bid contract on the fountains? The company that got this contract is called Clark Construction. It's a really large company based in Maryland. It's done government contracts for a hundred years. Yeah. I've seen their flags flying over buildings in New York City, right? It's it's this is a big company, but they are in a special relationship with Trump because they are the ones building his White House ballroom. And the White House ballroom is not like other federal projects. We don't know how much it's going to cost. Trump has said 400 million, but we don't really know. He's also said he may need an additional 1 billion for security underneath that he would like the taxpayers to fund. Exactly. Right. He said he's going to come from all private donations, but then he's also asked for a billion dollars from Congress. And we don't really know how much Clark is going to make off of this, right? Trump has actually said publicly that Clark is not going to be paid at all. He said that Clark has offered to do this ballroom project for free. We don't think that's true, but it's clear that they have taken on this special relationship on a big project with it seems like uncertain dimensions and also uncertain funding sources, all putting themselves in the good graces of Trump for now. So perhaps a cynic would wonder, is the fountain project with its potentially inflated costs a thing you give a company doing you a favor? Right? There certainly are people that see it that way. Clark told us they did everything above board. There's nothing sort of wrong about the way they handled this project, but certainly they are getting paid a lot more than the government originally thought they should get paid for this project. And the details of those payments, if we hadn't reported them, would be totally secret. You can kind of see the logic if you're the president. Clark's already working on my ballroom on the White House property. I have something else for them to do across the street. Just take care of that. You're right. There is logic and that was one of the things they cited was that Clark was already staging its equipment nearby and so it would be easier for them. There's also a concern about security clearance. Clark has security clearance to work inside the White House grounds and sometimes Lafayette Park is closed off for diplomatic events and effectively becomes part of the White House security perimeter. And it's important to know that like the White House does have sort of special rules for building within the White House grounds, but we are here in the real world right outside the White House fence where all the normal laws are supposed to apply. So what we're seeing is that the approach President Trump has taken to the ballroom which is like let's keep everything secret. You know, let's pick people that the president handpicks is now sort of like bleeding outside the White House grounds into the real world. And this is the first example of it. In other words, what the president's doing with the ballroom that's in its own category. It's the White House. It's the president. A lot of it is, we're told, private funds. But once we get into Lafayette Park, we're in a whole other world. tax dollars, public space, and a legal process that's supposed to apply that's being disregarded and treated as if this is all just an extension of the White House.
喷泉修复:速度与美观背后的隐忧
尽管围绕合同的争议不断,拉斐特公园的喷泉修复工作似乎进展迅速。工程不仅涵盖喷泉本体,还扩展到长椅和景观美化等其他公园设施。政府表示,喷泉已通过测试并按计划于7月4日前完工,届时将为白宫前的这一黄金地段增添一份美景,成为游客和附近上班族喜爱的休憩之地。节目也提到,特朗普政府前所未有地优先修复华盛顿特区各地包括普通社区的喷泉,动用了原本服务全国的公园管理局资金,这从某种程度上而言,确实“让喷泉重新喷涌”是一件好事。然而,这一项目的透明度不足和合同授予方式,引发了对公共资金(public funds)使用效率和公平性的质疑。
Original English Source
That's right. So, with all that backstory, how's the work actually going? Is it going fast? Is it going to be ready? It does seem to be going fast. The work has expanded into a few other things in the park, including some benches and landscaping, but the heart of it is still the fountains. And the fountains, we are told they've tested them. They flow. They're on track to be ready, the government says, for July 4th. And as we look at them right now, there's still some sort of blue painters tape around the outside. It seems like the work is still going on, right? But when it is ready, I think it's fair to say it's going to be beautiful. This is a very prime location directly in front of the White House. And to have two highly functioning rings of water will probably make this a lovely destination for tourists, for nearby office workers. The New York Times bureau's down there. I I could see myself coming here and having a sandwich. It would certainly will be beautiful. And it's important to know that there are broken fountains or there were broken fountains and park service properties all over DC. And President Trump has made those things a priority in a way that no previous presidents had. He's used park service funding that was meant to serve the whole country to renovate those fountains. There are fountains all over Washington, including some that probably the president will never see in neighborhoods that are used by Washingtonians that are flowing now for the first time in a long time. Mhm. Because of what President Trump did, which is, I think, and arguably a good thing. Fountains that actually fountain. Yes. And as we know, this is really the starting point. This is, so to speak, where the president is getting his feet wet. And I think that brings us to our next location, which is the reflecting pool, right? A much bigger project and a much bigger pool.
反思池改造:未经充分修复的宏伟历史舞台
接下来,调查转向规模更大的反思池(Reflecting Pool)改造项目。反思池建于20世纪20年代,旨在放大林肯纪念堂和华盛顿纪念碑的视觉效果,承载了美国历史上的诸多重要事件,如马丁·路德·金的“我有一个梦想”演讲。然而,目前的反思池已成为一个巨大的施工现场,池水被抽干,取而代之的是重型机械和建筑材料。
特朗普政府再次采用无竞标方式,将价值1310万美元的合同授予了大西洋工业涂层公司(Atlantic Industrial Coatings),一家弗吉尼亚州新坎顿的小公司,这竟然是他们获得的第一份联邦合同。特朗普曾声称是根据他在高尔夫俱乐部的经验挑选了该公司,但调查发现该公司并无建造游泳池的经验,其专长在于道路涵洞、油箱涂层和防水工程。更令人担忧的是,该公司被发现对管理费用和利润收取了过高(excessive)的20%费用,即便公园管理局内部人员也认为这些费用是虚高(inflated)的。
反思池面临三大问题:混凝土板之间漏水、连接过滤系统的管道破裂、以及藻类滋生导致水质浑浊。目前的改造项目仅解决了前两个问题——通过涂抹防水化合物和填充混凝土缝隙来解决漏水问题,并通过另一份合同安装新的过滤系统。然而,至关重要的连接管道修复(fixing the pipes)却被搁置。专家指出,若管道问题不解决,藻类问题将反复出现,这意味着当前的改造并非永久性解决方案(permanent fix)。此外,负责为公园管理局提供改造方案的戴维·舒岑霍弗(David Schutzenhoffer)竟然是特朗普高尔夫球场的总经理,这进一步强化了外界对于决策过程缺乏透明度和外部影响(lack of transparency and external influence)的质疑。
Original English Source
So, let's take the very long walk from here to the reflecting ball. Let's go. What's the fastest way to get We got to get over this way and then it's a little bit west of here. So, let's go over to 72. So, we're just being paused in front of a security gate outside the White House where a black SUV is going in. I think this is the um preparations for the UFC fight. What's that? I think this is the preparations for the UFC fight. As we get a little bit closer to the reflecting pool, I just wanted to observe some of the sight lines that we can see because they feel so central to how this place works. The Washington monuments in front of us, behind it, the Capitol dome. And if you turn around, you can look directly into the Lincoln Memorial. And these things exist clearly in a in a line that's super intentional. That's right. So much of the city is engineered that. even the heights of the buildings, the widths of the avenues, making sure that when you're at one landmark, you can see another and that you sort of get that message that these, you know, branches of government, the parts of our history are linked together, right? In a country that changes this much and is so focused on progress, Washington is frozen and changes so slowly to provide that kind of reminder, right? We're reminded both of the origins of our government, but also like of the history that created that country. And we're not, you know, we don't change that, even small details of that without really really thinking about it. All right, with that, let's walk through the World War II memorial to the reflecting ball. We'll be right back. Okay, so now that we are at the reflecting bowl and before we talk about this construction work, which you can literally hear, there's a metal gate being locked in front of us. Just remind us about the place of this reflecting pool on the mall and its place in the larger Washington DC mythology. So the reflecting pool was built in the 20s along with the Lincoln Memorial. And the point of it is to amplify both the Lincoln Memorial at one end and the Washington Monument at the other. So you stand at one, you look across and you see a mirror image of the other great monument. You see sort of them double. And it was designed to be invisible in that way. You don't look at the pool to see the pool. You look at it to see a reflection of both the monuments around it and also the sort of history-making events that have happened along the sides of it, right? which are many which are many and people may know the a fictionalized one which is the scene in Forest Gump where Jenny jumps into the pool to see forest uh but there also have been many famous real events going back to the 1960s the I have a dream speech by Martin Luther King some huge protests against the million march the million man march in the 1990s gatherings of the left and the right President Trump counts it as the scene of one of his great events after his election in 2016 so just think about how many Americans we're seeing them around us today have come here stood at this place looked out at this reflecting pool and thought, you know, I'm standing in the place where history happened. But of course, the reflecting pool of film and American lore is not what we are looking at right now. No, we're standing in front of a construction site. The reflecting pool is empty of water. Instead, it has a semi-truck, lots of trailers, generators, a lot of construction equipment. There's sandbags and portaotties, a porta potty, barrels of supplies. Uh we're looking at a very large construction site here. So talk us through the construction that's happening here and how it fits into the larger reporting project you've been up to. Well, the project we're seeing in front of us is another example of the Trump administration bypassing the usual competitive bidding process and just handing an important contract directly to one company. Okay. And what is that company? Company is called Atlantic Industrial Codings. It's a small company based in a place called New Canton, Virginia. Oddly, President Trump told the story several times of how this company was hired. He said, "I realized that it was actually just a giant swimming pool. I talked to the swimming pool guys from my golf clubs. I picked the guy who' done a great job on my golf club in Northern Virginia, and I called him. He said, I said, "Can you take care of it?" He said, "Great. You know, I can handle it." Right. A pool's a pool. A pool's a pool, and we'll do it like a pool. And that was what President Trump said several times in public. It turns out that's not true. As far as I can tell, this company advertises no experience doing swimming pools. their experiences in things like coating highway culverts, fuel tanks, waterproofing things, but not swimming pools. And I also don't think they've ever worked for the Trump organization. And now Trump himself has said as much. He said, "I don't know this company and they never worked for me." Raising again the question of how they got this job. It's odd that this company, which doesn't have any advertised experience doing even small swimming pools, would be entrusted by the government without any sort of competitive bidding process, but that is what happened. And this is this company's first time doing work for the federal government. This is their first ever federal contract. Wow. It's a pretty big stage to make a debut on. It is. That's right. And what is the scope of work that this company is undertaking here to get this thing fully functioning by the 250th anniversary? Well, we could see that work in front of us. So, one of the things they're doing is spreading a waterproofing compound on the 8-in thick concrete slabs. They're also filling in the gaps or trying to fill in the gaps between the concrete slabs. So, that's supposed to address the leaks. The leaks. Okay. To understand though why that was such a risk, I think you need to know a little bit more about why the pool has been troublesome and why it needs repair. Okay. The pool has three main problems. The water leaks out between the concrete slabs. There are pipes that connect the pool to its filtration system, which is behind us here a few hundred yards away. Those pipes often break and leak, which means they have to shut everything down, or else the water just leaks out into the ground. And then at the filtration site, there's also a need for a better filter because algae blooms makes the water green and matted and ugly and actually makes it impossible to reflect in some cases. So, lots of administrations have tried over the years to fix those problems. So, President Trump in his first term started thinking about how do I fix the problems of the reflecting pool? And what we're seeing now is that in his second term, he is actually trying to make those repairs happen. Well, here's what's odd about what the Trump administration is doing. They are doing two of the three things that needed to be done before. They're trying to fix the leaky joints between the concrete slabs. Another contract, not by done by this company, is putting a new filtration system in. But they're not doing one key piece, which is not fixing the pipes that connect the pool with that filtration system. And if those don't get fixed and they continue to leak, then the algae problem could recur because you're not getting the water to the place where it's cleaned. And why wouldn't you just fix this route to stem, fix the pipes, permanently restore this pool? It's a great question. That was the plan starting in the first Trump administration through Biden. The plan was to do all three of those things. Seal the pool, fix the pipes, fix the filtration. Summer this year, the fix the pipes thing got put on the shelf. They say now they might do it in the fall. Um but it's not happening now. And until that gets done, well, people we've talked to said it's not a permanent fix. And we see in park service documents that the park service says, you know, our own people didn't come up with this plan to fix the pool. The person who came up with it is a guy named David S, an administration adviser. Who is David S? If you look in other documents related to this contract, you see that a guy named David Schutzenhoffer, who's the general manager of Trump's golf course in Bedminster, New Jersey, was advising the park service on this job, was helping connect them with other vendors. Uh we don't know for sure that he is the same David S. But you see that the origins of this whole idea, the whole plan for fixing this pool have come from outside the park service. And it was an idea they hadn't even considered before. So that gives you a sense of how kind of out of the box this solution is. What is the price tag that this company is charging all of us to do this work? It's uh charging right now $13.1 million. That is notable because it's also different than President Trump first described. He originally said this contract would cost $1.8 million. It's now obviously seven times that. Okay. And do we know why th this contract is is as large as it is in part because the company is charging 20% for overhead and then 20% more for profit. Now we've seen park service documents that show that even within the park service people believe that those two percentages 20% and 20% were excessive and inflated. The park service is paying them anyway in part because they're on the very quick timeline. The government wanted this work done so badly that it actually told them to start work before they'd agreed on a price tag. And so that means that later on when they came to haggle over the final price, the pool was already partly underway. So the government has very little leverage to come back then and say, "Hey, listen. We're not going to pay the full price." Like, you know, would they really threaten to kick them off, you know, with the work partly done, right? And with everyone understanding that the president wants to get this thing ready for 250th, which means we really only have a couple months left. That's right. The original due date for this project was May 22nd. Now, President Trump is saying the real deadline is July 4th.
反思池的色彩选择与合同争议的深层影响
反思池改造的另一个细节是特朗普总统亲自选定了池底的颜色——“美国国旗蓝”(American flag blue),而非他最初想要的“巴哈马群岛绿松石色”。尽管景观建筑专家认为这不会影响反思池的反射性(reflectivity),但这反映了总统在项目细节上的个人化干预。
总而言之,反思池的改造项目可能无法从根本上解决所有潜在问题,而且由于政府未经竞争性招标(competitive bidding)直接授予合同,公众无从得知是否有其他承包商能以更低的成本或更优的方案完成任务。这种无竞标合同(no-bid contracts)的模式,正如拉斐特公园喷泉项目一样,未能提供足够的信息来评估现有方案是否是最佳或最经济的解决方案(best or cheapest solution)。
Original English Source
Right. which I think brings me to the final issue with the reflecting pool which is the president's selection of a very specific shade of blue which I am looking at and I just want to ask you about well a lot of the pool's bottom is painted a dark shade of blue President Trump said that he had originally wanted to be turquoise like the Bahamas but that the contractor that he had hired for this told him that it should be American flag blue and so American flag blue is what they've settled on kind of a deep navy blue yeah it's a dark kind of blue dark blue blue that is the color now of most of the pool. It will be the the final color of the entire pool. And the question is what will it look like when it is filled? People that I've talked to landscape architecture experts say that it probably will not affect the reflectivity. What matter what makes it reflective is that it's shallow and it's dark and it will still have both of those elements. So in the end when it comes to the reflecting pool, we have a project that's not going to solve what may be all the big underlying problems. And because the administration granted this to a single company and didn't put it out for any competitive bidding process, we don't know if somebody might have come along and said, "Actually, I can do it for less than 13 million." We'll never know that because of the way that this contract was awarded. That's right. This case really embodies the risks of no bid contracts. Right. Without knowing what other people would charge, without knowing how other people would have attacked these same problems, it's really hard to know if what they have here is the right solution. the best solution, the cheapest solution. It's impossible to evaluate what else could have been done. We only know what they have.
凯旋门争议:历史景观与政治遗产的冲突
第三个考察地点是拟建的美国凯旋门(United States Triumphal Arch),这是一个高达250英尺的宏伟建筑,计划建在阿灵顿国家公墓(Arlington National Cemetery)对面的波托马克河畔。这一提案同样引发了巨大争议,部分民众组织抗议活动,退伍军人团体也提起诉讼,认为该建筑会阻挡阿灵肯公墓(Arlington Cemetery)的视线,破坏其庄严肃穆。
特朗普政府试图规避国会对其在华盛顿纪念性核心区大型项目通常所需的审批,援引一个100年前从未建成的类似项目来主张其已有国会批准(congressional approval)。批评者认为这种解释“极具创意(extremely creative)”,并将其视为政府再次试图绕过外部监督。
从历史和象征意义上看,该凯旋门将遮挡从林肯纪念堂(Lincoln Memorial)望向阿灵顿公墓的视线。阿灵顿公墓曾是罗伯特·E·李(Robert E. Lee)的故居,象征着美国内战的伤痕与和解。在此重要历史地标之间修建一个巨大的凯旋门,将阻碍人们通过这些纪念碑反思国家历史进程的视觉连结。尽管有人认为一旦建成,凯旋门将很快融入华盛顿的景观,就像二战纪念碑(World War II Memorial)一样,但其背后是否包含对特朗普个人政治遗产的过度强调,仍是焦点。传统上,美国总统的纪念碑是在其离任后,由历史和民众对其功绩进行评判后才建立的。
Original English Source
All right, Dave, we have one last stop on this tour, and that is the arch. That's right. We're now going to walk west to the Lincoln Memorial to look across the Ptoic River at the future site of the Triumphal Arch. The United States Triumphal Arch. Cool. looking down here. It is less blue than I thought it was going to be. Like I said, I thought the table would the Lincoln Memorial right over there. This is by far my favorite. I think it's everyone's favorite. Yeah, mine as well. Monument on the mall cuz it's something spectacular about going into his little home, right? It is grand and also intimate when you get inside there. Yeah. Should we just go to this little like patch of green here or do you want to go across the bridge? I'm happy to do either one. Yeah, maybe. Can we stand up on it? I don't think so. I I don't think there's any problem. So David, we just scaled the wall and now we're sitting on a patch of grass behind the Lincoln Memorial and we've picked an incredible moment to have a conversation about the arch. Let me explain why. There is currently a protest, a group of people marching against the arch. They have handwritten signs saying no arch. They have a tuba. There's a band in there. There are people beeping and that volume is on top of all the traffic and the planes going overhead. So, just explain to us as we're looking down at the Arlington Memorial Bridge, how the arch is going to fit into the view that we're taking in right now and what you've learned about the process behind the arch so far. Well, what we're looking at now across the other end of the bridge is a green hillside in Virginia that belongs to Arlington National Cemetery. Instead, with the arches completed, you will see a very large 250 foot tall that's 25tory tall triumphal arch, which is a little bit like the Arctic triumph in Paris, but bigger. And it will have golden statues. I believe there'll be angels and eagles. It'll be a really large arch dominating this view. It's got to be the biggest new construction in this kind of official stretch of Washington in decades. That's right. It will be something on the scale of or bigger than the Lincoln Memorial. We haven't built anything that large as a monument on the mall in, as you said, decades. And how has the president gotten the arch to this point? And how emblematic is it of what we just saw at Lafayette and with the reflecting pool? Well, there hasn't been any contracts to sign yet, so we don't know if there's going to be no bid contracts or not, but it is of a similar vein in that he is trying as much as he can to avoid or bypass outside oversight. So, even to Congress. So there's been a he's made the point to Congress that normally they would have to approve something this large in Washington's monumental core, but he said they don't need to because a 100red years ago another Congress approved a sort of similar sounding project that was never built and so it already has congressional approval. That's extremely creative. Yes, it is similar to the other projects and that they are going as fast as they can to build something as big as they can. And what kind of opposition has or hasn't it aroused besides the honking horns you can tell on the road? There are a lot of people in Washington unhappy about it. There have been some lawsuits filed. There are people who would like to stop this in its tracks. A group of veterans have sued saying that this disrupts the view of Arlington Cemetery, but none of them have succeeded so far. There have been some incremental changes as a result of some of the review boards that have considered it. It's gotten slightly shorter. I believe some of the lions have come off, but the fundamental shape of it is still for now the same. The noise we're hearing from the planes is a reminder of one of the big hurdles laying in front of it, which is actually that this is on the flight path, the approach to Washington National Airport. And there is a concern that the FAA might block it because it will uh be too much of a constriction on air traffic. So there are some hurdles in front of it, but I if I had to bet, I would bet that it's going to be built. Well, we talked before about sightelines, and I do think it's worth just spending a second on what this arch would change because there are some really specific structures on the hill behind the Arlington Memorial Bridge that relate to the Civil War, right? Relate back to the Lincoln Memorial and all these kind of reciprocal relationships between the historical monuments of Washington. Okay. So, if you'll indulge me, as a transplanted Washingtonian, I think this is one of the most remarkable places in Washington. So, we're standing here by the Lincoln Memorial, a symbol of the rebinding of North and South. So, what's beyond us on the other side of the bridge is Arlington House, which belonged to Robert E. Lee. It was Robert E. Lee's home before he left uh to become the leader, the top general of the Confederacy. A bridge between the home of the man who tried to tear the Union aunderder and the president who through grit and determination made sure that the country stayed whole. right? And the the graves of the folks who died to win that war. And so if you're going to block that, right? If you're going to put something in between these two symbols of the greatest crisis in American history and the reconciliation that followed, you better have a really good reason, right? It better really mean something that you're putting that there and blocking the view of this incredible piece of American history that's just right across the river from Washington. And and what is the reason why the president wants to put this arch here at this moment? And as best I can tell, and Times 3D renderings does show this, it substantially does change the view, especially from Arlington House, from Arlington Cemetery back towards the Lincoln Memorial. My reading of it is that he wants an arch. He's talked about how all great cities have arches, London, Paris, Rome, and so Washington needs one, and this is the easiest place to put an arch because it's a big empty lawn uh around which traffic flows. What President Trump says this arch is meant to celebrate is all of us the 250 years of American history, but it seems in some ways to be more a monument to President Trump and his importance in American history. To the degree that there's any singular person or cause associated with this arch, it's him, right? You know, it strikes me that any change to the official Washington infrastructure makes people crazy. And I'm remembering the battle that preceded the construction of the World War II memorial, which we walked through on our way to the reflecting pool. It was the late 1990s. I was in high school. There was a huge fight about whether that memorial was going to mock up the National Mall, right? And it got built. Yep. Despite that huge battle, and now no one thinks twice about it. You walk through it, it's just not that big a deal. And you kind of can't imagine that there was ever a big battle over it at all. And I wonder if that's ultimately going to be the case with the arch. Yes, it's going to deprive someone standing at the Arlington House of a very specific view back to the Lincoln Memorial, but is that really such a big deal? And will people walk under it, drive under it, and ultimately not think that much about or be grateful for the fact that there's this bold, beautiful arch at the end of the mall? I think you are right that if it is built within a few years everybody will think of it as part of the scenery in Washington. Nobody will walk by and say you know it doesn't belong. It is the same architectural style as the rest of Washington. So it will stand out for its size but not for its architecture. The one thing that I think is different from the other monuments that have caused consternation in Washington over the years and I think of not just the World War II memorial but the very modernist Vietnam War memorial before that is that those other monuments were monuments to a group of people. people who would sacrifice something. What's slightly different about this is that there's not like one set of people this is designed to honor or one set of people who will come here and feel like yes, I have my place in Washington that I didn't have before. It's it's either totally abstract or it's about Trump. Okay? But, and this is a really big but, if we look all around us, left, right, front, back, there are monuments to American presidents all around us. We've talked about Lincoln. We talked about Washington. over there to my left is Jefferson. So in that context, why shouldn't President Trump get what we kind of understand to be a memorial to himself given how monumentally he has changed American politics, American policy, how the world thinks about America? Well, traditionally we have not let presidents build their own memorials. Traditionally, you have to leave office. There has to be some sort of intervening period in which Americans in American history can judge your time in office and decide whether you are worthy of a monumental tribute, right? And how that monument relates to the way we think of you, right? We don't give every president. There's not a Grover Cleveland monument around here, right? We give presidents that we decide are worthy of emulation and adoration. We give them a place here in Washington. And Trump has decided to give himself that place effectively. And that is very emblematic of who he's been. and all the ways he's discarded the so-called rules of politics, but also the real rules of Washington and succeeded and put his stamp on the country and the world. So, in that way, having Trump build his own memorial is very fitting. That said, you can't seal your place in history and trust that it will stay that way. American history will still render some judgment on Trump. You can't just build a monument and forstall that. Uh, but he is certainly trying to make sure that he can't be forgotten.
尾声:未尽的争议与政治遗产的审判
节目最后提到,在戴维·芬萨尔(David Fenthal)的报道发布后,国会民主党人随即提出立法,试图阻止凯旋门的建造。他们的法案指出,该项目在未经国会许可的情况下非法使用了公共资金。尽管此法案被认为是“希望渺茫”(long shot),但其共同提案人、北弗吉尼亚州众议员唐·拜尔(Don Beyer)强调,该项目是对阿灵顿国家公墓(Arlington National Cemetery)的“亵渎”(desecration),威胁到了美国最神圣的空间之一。他谴责这个“250英尺高的虚荣工程”将“遮蔽我们英雄的安息之地,并将其从国家广场和林肯纪念堂的视野中隐藏起来”。
此外,节目还简要提及了特朗普总统多项计划的受挫,包括他设立的18亿美元“政府武器化受害者赔偿基金”在联邦法院遭遇挑战,以及为庆祝建国250周年而计划的系列音乐会因多位表演者退出而被迫取消。这些事件进一步凸显了围绕特朗普各项举措的持续争议,以及其政治遗产在未来仍将面临历史的审判。
Original English Source
Oh, David, thank you very much. Thank you. After we spoke with David, congressional Democrats introduced legislation seeking to block construction of the arch. Their bill claims that the arch relies on illegal use of public funds without permission from Congress. The bill, which is considered a long shot, is co-sponsored by Representative Don Buyers of Northern Virginia, whose district includes Arlington National Cemetery and whose grandparents, parents, and sister are buried there. This is one of our country's most hallowed spaces. In a video recorded in front of the cemetery, buyers described the arch as an act of desecration. Unfortunately, those of us who treasure it are reckoning with a threat to the piece of this sacred place and to the honor and trust. It represents, a towering 250 ft vanity project that would overshadow the resting place of our heroes and hide it from the view of visitors to the National Mall and Lincoln Memorial. We'll be right back. Here's what else you need to know today. The future of President Trump's controversial $1.8 billion fund to compensate victims of government weaponization is in growing doubt after decisions on Friday from two federal judges. One judge temporarily barred the fund from being set up, while another reopened a legal case involving Trump and the IRS, whose dismissal appeared to lead to the fund's creation. At the same time, aids to the president are increasingly urging him to get rid of the fund amid intense blowback from both courts and from Congress. And a cornerstone of the president's plan to celebrate America's 250th anniversary, a series of musical concerts on the National Mall starting later this month is collapsing. Over the weekend, Trump called for the music series to be cancelled after at least five of the nine performers dropped out. Several of the singers said they had originally believed the event would be nonpartisan, only to learn later on that it was being planned and overseen by the president himself. Today's episode was produced by Lexi Dio, Mujade, Diana Wyn, and Jack Didoro. It was edited by Rob Zipco with help from Liz O. Balen and contains music by Marian Lozano, Rowan Misto, Dan Powell, Brad Fischer, and Leah Shaw Damaron. Our theme music is by Wonderly. This episode was engineered by Aphim Shapiro and Alyssa Moxley. That's it for the daily. I'm Michael Bubaro. See you tomorrow.