黄金与科技股齐涨:市场异象、美元疲软与地缘政治下的投资洞察 Bloomberg Podcasts 2025-09-25

市场异象:股票与黄金齐涨

Joe Weisenthal: 大家好,欢迎收听Odd Lots播客的又一期节目。我是Joe Weisenthal。

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Hello and welcome to another episode of the OddLotss podcast. I'm Joe Weisenthal.

Tracy Alloway: 我是Tracy Alloway。

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And I'm Tracy Aloway.

Joe Weisenthal: Tracy,感觉每天股票和黄金都在上涨,每天都是股票和黄金,股票和黄金,简直是势不可挡。

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Tracy, every day feels like stocks and gold go up. every day. Stocks and gold and stocks and gold and it's just it's relentless.

Tracy Alloway: 我告诉你,这对任何投资指数基金和一堆他爸爸给的金币的人来说都是好事。

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I'll tell you what, it's good for anyone invested in an index fund and a bunch of gold coins that their dad gave them.

Joe Weisenthal: 是啊,对你来说是好事。

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Yeah, good for you.

Tracy Alloway: 是的,谢谢。

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Yeah, thank you.

Joe Weisenthal: Tracy Alloway的投资组合表现非常好。

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The Tracy Elo portfolio doing very well.

Tracy Alloway: 是的,你绝对说对了。而且这其中最重要的一点是,这其实不应该发生,对吧?你本不应该看到股票因为对未来的乐观情绪而飙升,同时黄金也上涨,因为黄金传统上是一种你喜欢描述的“暗淡的黄色石头”,它通常预示着一些不好的事情即将发生。

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Yes. No, you are absolutely right. And the big thing about this is it's not really supposed to happen, right? Like you're not supposed to see stocks shoot up because of optimism about the future while gold simultaneously goes up because gold traditionally is this sort of dow yellow rock as you like to describe it which usually signals something bad is about to happen.

Joe Weisenthal: 我要让步了。我要在某件事上让步。

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I'm going to relent. I'm going to relent on something.

Tracy Alloway: 你现在是黄金多头了吗?

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Are you a gold bug now?

Joe Weisenthal: 不。好吧,我会在某件事上让步。

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No. Well, I'm going to relent on something.

Tracy Alloway: 好的,我们开始吧。

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Okay, here we go.

Joe Weisenthal: 我承认黄金是一种金属。这是我的重大让步。我总是……

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I admit that gold is a metal. This is my big cave. I always

Tracy Alloway: 不再是石头了。

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No longer a rock.

Joe Weisenthal: 是的,这是我的重大让步。我以前常说那些黄色的石头。你知道吗?我承认它是一种金属。

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Yeah, this is my big cave. I used to say those yellow rocks. You know what? I'll acknowledge it's a metal.

Tracy Alloway: 如果它现在是金属,你会承认它有工业应用吗?

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If it's a metal now, will you admit that it has industrial applications?

Joe Weisenthal: 是的,但它们非常微不足道。而且我也不会承认它主要是价值储存(Store of Value: 一种可以长期保持购买力的资产)或被认为是价值储存。当人们感到恐惧、不信任,当人们不信任法定货币(Fiat Currencies: 没有内在价值,由政府法令使其成为法币的货币)或政府时,总有各种理由怀疑发行纸币的政府,我理解为什么人们想要持有这种被人类使用了数千年的金属作为货币。

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Yeah, but they're very minor. And this is also I will not acknowledge that there is a I it is mainly a store of value or perceived to be. And when people are fearful, when people are mistrustful, when people don't trust fiat currencies or the governments, and there's all kinds of reasons to be skeptical about the governments that issue paper currencies, I understand why people want to hold this metal that people have used as money for thousands of years.

Tracy Alloway: 我会带你回到纽约的珠宝区,让你再次对黄金感到兴奋。

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I'm going to take you back to the jewelry district in New York and get you more excited about gold again.

Joe Weisenthal: 不。但我只想说关于黄金,我喜欢它。而且我知道,当我们去钻石区的时候,我戴着那条大链子,我真希望当时买了它。现在那是我最大的遗憾,那是一条35,000美元的金项链,而今天它可能值45,000或50,000美元。

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No. But I'll just say on gold, I loved it. And and know I wore that big chain when we went to the diamond district and I wish id bought it. Like cuz now that's like my big regret. It was like $35,000 gold necklace and that today would probably be a $45 or $50,000 gold necklace.

Tracy Alloway: 想象一下那个镶钻的菲比娃娃会值多少钱。

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Imagine how much that diamond encrusted Furby would be worth.

Joe Weisenthal: 顺便说一句,这是他们不告诉你的关于黄金的事情。

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This is the thing they don't tell you about gold, by the way.

Joe Weisenthal: 如果你花10,000美元,这是我对黄金的偏激看法。这不偏激。如果你花10,000美元买一条金项链……

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If you spend$10,000, this is my crank take on gold. That's not crank. If you spend $10,000 on a gold necklace

Tracy Alloway: 嗯哼。

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Mhm.

Joe Weisenthal: 他们会给你一条10,000美元的金项链。

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they give you a $10,000 gold necklace.

Tracy Alloway: 是的。

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Yes.

Joe Weisenthal: 这是免费的。他们……就像你花了10,000美元,他们又给了你价值10,000美元的东西。从某种意义上说,这是一笔免费的交易。

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It's free. They It's like you spend $10,000, they give you something for $10,000 back. In a sense, it's a free transaction.

Tracy Alloway: 不,你得到了两样东西。你得到了可以佩戴的东西和一项投资。

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No, you get two things. You get something to wear and an investment.

Joe Weisenthal: 是的。你确实……是的。我真希望我在黄金每盎司200美元的时候就有了这个认识,但不管怎样,我花了一段时间才明白。总之……

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Yeah. You actually Yeah. I wish I had had this realization when gold was like $200 an ounce, but anyway, it took me a while. Anyway,

Tracy Alloway: 我相信我们最终会让你成为一个黄金多头。

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we'll make a gold bug of you yet, I'm sure.

市场动态与嘉宾介绍

Joe Weisenthal: 所以,现在市场真是激动人心、充满变数。我们上次与这位嘉宾交谈时,市场也同样充满变数和激动人心。那当然是四月份。我们确实请来了最合适的嘉宾,来帮助我们理解全球宏观领域正在发生的一切。我们将与德意志银行(Deutsche Bank)全球宏观副主席Ozan Tarman进行对话。Ozan,非常感谢你再次来到OddLots。上次我们和你交谈时,我们在伦敦。这次你在纽约。所以谢谢你来拜访我们。

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So, these are really exciting, wild times in the market. And um the last time uh we talked to this guest was another wild time and an exciting time in the market. That was of course April. We do in fact have the perfect guest to try to understand everything that's happening all around the world in global macro. We are going to be speaking with the vice chair of global macro at Deutsche Bank Ozan Tarman. Ozan thank you so much for coming back on OddLots. Last time we talked to you we were in London. This time you're in New York. So thank you for coming to visit us.

Ozan Tarman: 能在纽约真是太好了。我喜欢参加这个节目。能再次受邀是我的荣幸。宏观晚餐会,这是节目的亮点。

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Very good to be in New York. I love to be on this show. I mean honor to be invited again. Una macro dinners. This is the highlights.

Joe Weisenthal: 是的,谢谢。

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Yeah, thank you.

Tracy Alloway: 谢谢。

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Thank you.

Ozan Tarman: 顺便说一句,我本来想带我的曼联球衣来的。亲爱的Joe,它真的很像他。还有给Tracy的果仁蜜饼,但在机场没找到。下次吧。

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And by the way, I was going to bring my United AMA jersey. Dear Joe really looks like him. And some baklava for Tracy, but couldn't find in the airport. Next time.

Joe Weisenthal: 这是未来再做一期节目的好理由。实际上,我们一开始谈了很多黄金,但我不想先问黄金。英伟达(Nvidia: 一家设计和销售图形处理器、芯片组和相关多媒体软件的公司)正在吞噬整个美国,甚至全球经济吗?

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That's a good reason to do another future episode. Actually, we talked a lot about gold in the beginning, but I don't want to first ask about gold. Is Nvidia swallowing the entire US or maybe even global economy?

Ozan Tarman: 几乎是齐头并进,对吧?这两个问题。我的意思是它们都在不断走高。

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Almost hand in hand, right? These two questions. I mean they both continue to go higher and higher.

Joe Weisenthal: 实际上,让我从黄金开始,因为你确实做了这样的介绍。

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Actually let me start with gold because you did you did put such an intro in it.

黄金的吸引力与美国例外论

Ozan Tarman: 互联网上有一个非常著名的表情包,大概两三年前做的。这位先生或女士经营着一个大型宏观对冲基金,他环顾四周说:“我经营着非常复杂的产品,但最终我还是买了黄金。”这些天,这句话引起了更多共鸣,在这些圆桌会议和电视演播室里被提及得越来越多。通常这会带来厄运,但这次没有,因为目前它在“风险偏好”(Risk On: 投资者倾向于承担风险)和“风险规避”(Risk Off: 投资者倾向于规避风险)两种情况下都有效。上次你来的时候,你又在一个非常相关的时机给我打电话,质疑美国例外论(US Exceptionalism: 指美国在历史、政治、经济和文化上独一无二的观点)。我相信我们会深入探讨这一点。

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One of the very famous memes on the internet carer done maybe two three years ago. uh this uh gentleman or lady running a big macro hedge fund looks around I run very complicated products but at the end I buy gold and uh these days that resonates even more mentioned even more and more in these uh round tables in TV studios like this normally that jinx things but it doesn't because at the moment it it works in risk on and risk off last time you were around again you called me at a very relevant time questioning US exceptionalism I'm sure we'll go into that Yeah.

Joe Weisenthal: 美国机构怎么了?那些问号,所有那些针对美元的问号都有助于黄金。效果是关于针对美元的故事。我相信我们也会深入探讨这一点。有些故事现在变得不那么容易理解了。

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What's going on with US institutions? Those question marks, all those question marks against the dollar help gold effect is about stories against dollar. I'm sure we'll go into this as well. Some of the stories are now having a less easy time.

Ozan Tarman: 然后人们喜欢转向黄金,我们可能正在进入一个降息周期,无论你是米兰还是哈马赫,这都有所不同,但黄金在这种情况下也有效。所以目前,我总是觉得,当它成为电视上、我的圆桌会议上的热门交易时,我就会亮起橙色警示灯,但目前它有其存在的理由。现在英伟达,是的,我的意思是,如果你在一年前也做这个节目,你可能也会说……

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Then people like to go into gold and we're may be going into a rate cut period cycle or not whether you're Miran or Hamach that that differs but gold works in that as well. So for the moment I always feel you know when it's the top trade on TVs on my round tables I put the orange sign on but at the moment it works for a reason. Now Nvidia yeah I mean if you had this show a year ago as well you could have said

英伟达与经济衰退的辩论

Ozan Tarman: 就在今天早上,我的一位合作伙伴,他的文章已经疯传,他半开玩笑地声称英伟达几乎让我们避免了经济衰退。所有那些芯片的故事,所有那些资本支出(Capex Spending: 资本性支出,用于购买、改善或延长公司长期资产寿命的资金)的投入。如果不是因为这些,也许我们就会质疑或已经陷入衰退。

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as of this morning one of my partners in success sos his piece is already viral he's claiming tongue and cheek that Nvidia is almost keeping us away from a recession. all that chip story, all that capex spending. If it wasn't for that, maybe we could either question or be in a recession.

Joe Weisenthal: 不过我不确定他是不是真的在半开玩笑。

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I'm not sure he's saying it that tongue and cheek though.

Ozan Tarman: 同意。而且其他人也加入了他的行列。我今天早上又从我的亲爱朋友和客户那里听到了。贝恩公司声称,除非收入能迅速赶上所有这些人工智能(AI: Artificial Intelligence: 模拟人类智能的机器)的资本支出,否则我们可能会陷入大麻烦。所有这一切将在2030年爆发,我们在此之前就会陷入衰退。现在我们可以说在2030年之前会发生很多事情,但警告信号已经存在。昨晚的头条新闻,也是纳斯达克再次收高的原因。

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Agreed. And also others are uh joining him. Uh again, I'm hearing from my dear friends clients this very morning. Bane claims unless uh revenues quickly catch up with all this uh AI capex spend, we may be in big trouble. All of this will burst by 2030 and will go into recession before then. Now we can say a lot can happen before 2030 but warning signs are there. Last night's uh big headlines the reason why again NASDAQ close on the highs.

Joe Weisenthal: 英伟达投资OpenAI,这几乎也形成了一个循环。我的意思是,这也不是半开玩笑。

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Nidia investing into open AI that also becomes almost circular. I mean this is not tongue and cheek either.

Ozan Tarman: 甲骨文(Oracle)投资OpenAI,OpenAI投资英伟达,来回循环。这是一个封闭的循环吗?我听到了所有的怀疑论调。

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Oracle invest in open AI openai invest in Nidia back and forth back and forth. Is this a closed circle? I hear all the skepticism

Ozan Tarman: 主要也来自那些没有赶上这波大涨的人。

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also mainly coming from those who haven't caught this big rally since uh

Joe Weisenthal: 泡沫就是你错过的牛市。

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a bubble is a is a is a bull market that that you missed out on.

Joe Weisenthal: 我称黄金为泡沫。Tracy称之为繁荣,因为她继承了一堆黄金,所以看法不同。

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I call gold a bubble. Tracy calls it a boom because of the difference and inherited a bunch of

Tracy Alloway: 黄金。没错。

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gold. Exactly.

Joe Weisenthal: 我应该提一下,我们是在9月28日录制这期节目。

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I should just mention we're recording this on September 28th.

Ozan Tarman: 我喜欢这样。就在鲍威尔讲话之前,就在特朗普讲话之前。所以就人工智能和这种自营交易的循环、迂回、甚至可以说是乱伦的关系而言,我们喜欢和你交谈的原因之一,就是你和很多客户交谈,所以你也能听到很多来自买方的反馈。人们在寻找什么来判断“好吧,这是一个泡沫”?因为看起来人们已经谈论高估值很长时间了,但股票却一直在上涨。人们还在关注什么,以便他们可能会说“实际上,我们要开始削减头寸了”?

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I like that. Right before right before Paul's speech, right before Trump's speech. So just on AI and the sort of selfdealing circleish circuitous incestuous relationships perhaps one of the reasons we like talking to you is because you talk to a lot of clients and so you hear a lot of feedback from the buy side as well. What are people looking out for in terms of saying okay this is a bubble because it seems like all right people have been talking about high valuations for a really long time the stock just goes up. Is there something else that people are like watching for in which case they might say actually we're going to start cutting back positions?

市场泡沫的迹象与“七巨头”的现金流

Ozan Tarman: 很好的问题。大约两个月前,我听到更多的是“我持怀疑态度,但美联储降息也即将到来。你无法对抗这一点。”现在,特别是那些在90年代及以后经历过市场的老手们,我确实听到他们说:“看,这确实有点像90年代末、2000年初的感觉。”顺便说一句,你选择的年份非常重要。但我们可能还会继续上涨。这是那些经验丰富的股票专业人士,而非宏观专业人士所说的一点。我当时也处于职业生涯的初期,但在90年代末、2000年代初,我确实在市场中。那时,在估值讨论中,分母几乎不存在。几乎没有现金流。每个人都……

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Excellent question. Almost like two months ago I was hearing more I'm skeptical but Fed cuts are also coming. You can't fight this. Now especially from the pros who who've been around uh '90s and beyond. I do hear look this does feel a bit like end of 90s beginning of 2000s. By the way, the year you pick is very important there. But we may still run. That's one thing that more seasoned equity beyond macro pros are saying. I also, it was a bit the beginning of my career, but I was around in late '9s, early 2000s. Then the denominator almost didn't exist in this valuation discussions. There was hardly any cash around. Everybody

Ozan Tarman: Joe.com在B2B方面表现出色,在B2C方面甚至更好。当然,事后诸葛亮是世界上最好的对冲基金,但你可以感觉到它。然而这次,你可以质疑那些在循环中投入的数千亿美元,但你不能质疑英伟达(Nvidia)的Jensen Huang和OpenAI带来的收入和现金流。我们不妨超越英伟达,稍微谈谈“七巨头”(Magnificent 7: 指美国股市中市值最大的七家科技公司:苹果、微软、Alphabet、亚马逊、英伟达、特斯拉和Meta)。微软(Microsoft)、苹果(Apple)、Alphabet(谷歌母公司)都有客户,我们都是他们的客户,他们赚钱。所以,从某种积极的、更乐观的角度来看,英伟达是最大的赢家。

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stuck uh Joe.com is excellent in B2B, even better in B2C. And you know, of course, hindsight is the world's top hedge fund, but you you could you could feel it. Whereas this time around you can question the 100 billions thrown around in a circle but you cannot question much the revenue the cash uh Jensen Nvidia OpenAI is bringing to the table you cannot question much let's go beyond Nvidia a bit into Magnificent 7 Microsoft Apple alphabet they have customers all of us are are their customers they make money so and in a way talking about circle more positive way of more glass half full way of looking at it. Nvidia is the big champ. Okay. But take

Ozan Tarman: 好的。但撇开英伟达不谈,甲骨文(Oracle)突然间也成了一个热门话题。从甲骨文我们转向Alphabet,因为这次法官对Chrome(谷歌浏览器)做出了有利的裁决。

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Nidia aside all of a sudden Oracle became a story for a reason. From Oracle we go to Alphabet because for this time around Judge decided favorably on Chrome.

Ozan Tarman: 故事还在继续,从一个资产转移到另一个资产。是的,英伟达表现出色。我们会谈谈纳斯达克(NASDAQ)这个“赫拉克勒斯”是如何追赶我的蓝筹股巨头的,但涨势正在蔓延,英伟达并非标普500指数(S&P: Standard & Poor's 500: 涵盖美国500家大型上市公司的股票指数)今年迄今表现最好的股票。谈到等待戈多,小盘股终于上涨了。

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The story continues moves from uh one asset to another. Also yeah Nidia is doing great. We'll talk about how uh NASDAQ the Hercules is catching up with my bluehead mega but it's uh rally is spreading like Nvidia is not the top stock in S&P year to date talking about waiting for God though finally small caps rose up

Ozan Tarman: 自从著名的杰克逊霍尔(Jackson Hole)会议,又一次著名的杰克逊霍尔讲话以来。

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since the famous now Jackson another famous Jackson speech

Ozan Tarman: 所以不仅仅是一个人很重要,11月19日的财报也很重要,但不仅仅是一只股票。

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so it's not just one one guy is very important November 19 earnings are very important but it's not just one stock

Joe Weisenthal: 顺便说一句,Ozan正在向我们炫耀他的“让欧洲再次伟大”帽子。上面有马里奥·德拉吉(Mario Draghi)的签名。如果我有那顶帽子,我会非常嫉妒。

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by the way ozan was regailing us or showing off his Make Europe Great Again hat. It's signed by Mario Draghy. If I owned that, I'm very jealous.

Ozan Tarman: 我不会随身携带它。我会把它放在玻璃柜里,也许会在eBay上出售。

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I would not be carrying it around. I would be carrying it in a glass case and selling it maybe for eBay.

Tracy Alloway: 你会把它和你的金币一起放在金库里。

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You'd have it in the vault along with your gold coins.

Ozan Tarman: 我会把它和我的黄金一起放在金库里。但我……我尊重……

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I would have it in the vault along with my gold. But I uh I respect

Ozan Tarman: 这就是我对客户的尊重程度。我想炫耀一下。

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That's how much how much I respect my clients. I want to show off.

Ozan Tarman的日常工作与客户视角

Joe Weisenthal: 在我们深入讨论之前,实际上对于可能没有听过我们之前与你和四月那期节目的听众,你能否简单介绍一下你的背景?你和所有人交谈过。你举办这些晚宴,这让你对街头各种各样的人的想法有了令人难以置信的视角。所以,为了让人们了解你的视角和你的出发点,你日常都做些什么?你都和哪些人交谈,以及你如何与他们互动?

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Before we go further, actually for listeners who maybe uh didn't hear our previous episode with you and April, can you just give us a little back? You talked to everyone. you have these dinners, you it affords you an incredible perspective on what a range of people on the street are thinking about just so that people can understand your perspective and where you're coming from. What do you do like on a day-to-day basis? Who are the range of people that you talk to and how do you interact with them?

Ozan Tarman: 我的工作是与我们银行的顶级机构客户进行深入的、真诚的、有才华的关系交流。这现在也包括主权财富基金(Sovereign Wealth Funds: 由政府拥有和管理的投资基金),以及主要的私人银行机构。我喜欢……如你所知,我是一个试图将事物整合在一起的人。所以在这些或大或小的圆桌会议上……

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Uh my job is to talk to my bank's top uh institution clients honest talent relationships going going deep. This also includes now sovereign wealth funds, key private banking institutions and I love I'm as you know I'm a person who tries to bring things together. So in these round tables small or big

Ozan Tarman: 不仅仅是对冲基金,也不仅仅是长期机构投资者(Real Money: 指那些拥有长期投资视野,通常不使用杠杆的机构投资者,如养老基金、保险公司),也不仅仅是基金,而是所有资产类别:信贷、利率、外汇、新兴市场,当然还有我引以为傲的股票。所以他们也互相学习,因为我们在这个节目中谈过,股票的视角可能与利率的视角非常不同,对吧?就像我们现在所说,我们又处于这种低迷期,如果你将宏观定义为仅仅是利率和外汇,那它几乎就像一个磁铁,4.12%。好吧,我们尝试了,我们在美国10年期国债上尝试了低于4%的水平,4.12%、4.13%、4.14%。正如Tracy所说,我们是在9月23日上午9点录制这期节目。三个小时后,美联储主席鲍威尔(Chair Powell)将发表讲话。让我们看看他是否会改变语气,或者坚持他所谓的鹰派新闻发布会。有些人希望这可能会再次点燃另一波更强劲的利率走高。

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it's not just hedge funds it's not just real money it's not just for funds all asset classes credit rates FX emerging markets my proud tera equity of course uh so they learn from each other as well because uh we talked about the in these shows and equity perspective can be very different to a race perspective right as we speak again we're in one of these doldrums on if you define macro just as rates and effects it's almost like a magnet 412 Okay, we try we on US 10 year we we tried below 4% 412 413 414 as Tracy said we are recording this on September 23 at 9:00 a.m. In 3 hours, Chair Powell will speak. Let's see if he changes tone or sticks to his so-called hawkish presser. Some people hope that may again ignite a little bit of another stronger uh rates higher tone.

Ozan Tarman: 否则,外汇和利率的波动性将面临困境。与此同时,股票继续表现越来越好。回到你的问题,不同类型的客户来到我的圆桌会议,来到我的领域,互相学习为什么不同的资产类别表现不同。

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Otherwise, volatility in FX and rates are struggling. Meanwhile, equities continue to better and better. And back to your question, different sets of clients coming to my round tables, coming to my realm, learn from each other on why different asset classes act differently.

美元贬值与对冲策略

Tracy Alloway: 那么,你刚才提到了美元,当然你有一群非常国际化的客户。我们能谈谈今年美元的下跌吗?因为我认为这非常重要,尽管它得到了一些关注,但远远不够,因为我们谈论的是股票上涨,美国股票上涨,当你开始根据货币进行调整时,情况看起来会大不相同。人们如何看待美元下跌背景下的美国资产?

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So, you mentioned the dollar just then and of course you have a very international group of clients that you're talking to. Can we talk about the dollar drop this year because I think it's really important and even though it gets some attention, it's nowhere near enough because we're talking about stocks rallying, US stocks rallying, things look a lot different when you start to adjust for currencies. How are people thinking about US assets in light of the dollar drop?

Ozan Tarman: 非常公平。我是OddLots团队的一员,所以我还记得我们上次见面是4月16日在伦敦。所以就在大恐慌前一周,欧元兑美元汇率在1.10到1.11之间,我们开始感觉到这可能是一个历史性的一年,就脱美元化(De-dollarization: 减少对美元的依赖)和对冲基金比率变化而言,但我们也迅速突破了1.15。现在看情况,有两件事非常重要。首先是资金流。回到我们的朋友英伟达,回到我们的朋友“七巨头”。

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Very fair. I'm team ODLOS, so I also remember last time we met is April 16 in London. So just uh a week before the big fear euro dollar was right around 110 111 we were beginning to sense that this could be a historic year in terms of this dorization hedge fund ratios changing but we swiftly moved beyond 115 as well. Now looking at the picture two things are very important. First of all, the flaws. Back to our friend Nvidia, back to our friend Magnificent 7.

Ozan Tarman: 因为我的一些朋友,特别是那些快钱朋友,他们都嗅到、想要或希望在美元如此疲软之后出现美元挤压,他们提出的一个反驳是:资金流会怎么做?世界继续购买英伟达和微软。他们会对冲(Hedged: 通过金融工具降低价格波动风险)购买吗?

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Because one push back from some of my especially fast money friends who all either smell, want or wish a dollar squeeze after such a soft dollar move is what will the flows do? World continues to buy Nvidia and Microsofts. Do they buy it hedged?

Ozan Tarman: 所以我对此有点怀疑。顺便说一句,资金流又回来了。所以与4月16日有很大的不同。是的,我们也可以谈谈这个。散户反弹。看看我们现在在哪里。历史新高。我的研究报告和George Cervados的说法再次表明,在最近的30到45天左右,这些资金流中几乎80%是经过对冲的。所以人们购买他们的英伟达是经过对冲的。所以信不信由你,80%是一个很大的数字。即使是70%或60%,这绝对有助于美元疲软的一面。继续有所帮助的是,机构投资者正在减少他们对美国的敞口,就像我4月16日正确地说的那样,美国私人部门的例外论,英伟达和微软迄今为止正在对抗Deepseek的威胁,尽管就表现而言,今年的冠军是中国,但从亚洲到北欧,大型基金都在稍微减少他们的美元敞口。从70%到65%,从60%到55%。这确实产生了影响。

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So I was a little bit skeptical on that. By the way, flows are back. So a big difference to April 16. Yeah, we'll talk we can talk about that as well. Retail L rally. Look where we are. All-time highs. My research reports and claims again George Cervados that in the last recent 30 45 days or so those flows almost 80% of them are hedged. So people are buying their Nidia hedged. So believe it or not 80% is a big number. Say 70 say 60 that definitely helps the soft dollar side of things. What continues to help is of course institutionalists decreasing their exposure to us like hindsight I said rightly on that April 16 nothing to and the US private side exceptionalism Nvidia's Microsoft so far are fighting back the threats of deepseek even though champion of the year is China in terms of performance but from Asia to Nordics big big funds are reducing their dollar exposure a little bit. 7 to 65, 60 to 55. That makes a difference. That made a difference.

Tracy Alloway: 这真的很重要。我想我们应该继续沿着这条线讨论,因为听起来全世界的人都需要美元来购买英伟达。英伟达是一只以美元出售的股票。它的利润以美元计价。它的销售,它以美元出售商品。对于所有“七巨头”来说都是如此,包括微软和苹果。它们都表现 phenomenal。它们有真实的利润、真实的收益等等。它们是非常优秀的企业。听起来基本上全世界的人都希望接触少数几家非凡的美国公司。对。他们只是不想承担风险,即那个分母——这次我们不是在谈论收益,而是美元,他们交易或出售的美元等等,会进一步下跌。所以他们想要关于这一切的一切。他们基本上只是不想要与这些在美国注册的公司相关的美国主权风险。

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This is really important. I think we should just continue on the specific line because what it sounds like is all around the world, you have to have dollars to buy Nvidia. Nvidia is a stock that's sold in dollars. Its profits are denominated in dollars. Its sales, it sells things in dollars. And that's the same for all of the Mag 7, including Microsoft and Apple. And all of them are doing phenomenally well. They have real profits, real earnings and so forth. They're very excellent businesses. And it sounds like basically all around the world people want exposure to a handful of extraordinary US companies. Correct. They just don't want to take the risk that that denominator and this time we're not talking about earnings, but that that or that the the dollar that they trade in or sell in etc. is going to go down further. So they want everything about this. They just basically don't want the US sovereign exposure that's connected to these American doiciled companies.

Ozan Tarman: 完全正确。老实说,我有点怀疑。如果你告诉我Ozan,今年英伟达和微软的这波大涨不会发生,那么我会对空头头寸感到更舒服。但是“七巨头”咆哮了,是的。

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Completely correct. And honestly, I was a little bit skeptic. I wasn't sure if you told me Ozan this year this big surge in back in Nidia Microsoft won't happen then I would feel even more comfortable with the short position. But uh Magnificent 7 roared yeah

Ozan Tarman: 尽管美元依然疲软,它甚至可能超越巨头。所以无论我是否怀疑,你所解释的正在发生。但我认为对于接下来的走势,包括我们自己,很多买方都在呼吁达到1.202这样的水平。你现在需要欧洲方面的故事,或者你想谈论的日本、中国,这些滞后者的故事。外汇已经太晚了。我们谈论过为什么美元空头会奏效。

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it may even pass mega despite that dollar is also remaining soft. So whether I was skeptical or not, what you explained is happening. But I think for the next legs, ours included a lot of bianial site are calling for 1202 like levels. You need now the European side of the story or whoever you want to talk about Japan, China, the lagger side of the story. FX is too late. We talked about why dollar side of short dollar worked.

Tracy Alloway: 是的。

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Yeah,

Ozan Tarman: 我们现在需要欧洲故事的更多帮助。

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we need now a bit more help from our uh European story.

美国主权风险与企业实力

Joe Weisenthal: Tracy,我觉得这很有趣,当我们想到那些存在政治风险的国家时,我们通常不会把它们与世界上最令人印象深刻的企业联系起来。而我觉得我们现在谈论的正是这种张力,即对美国作为一个主权国家存在各种焦虑。这并不罕见。其他国家也有主权风险。但它们通常不是世界上最令人印象深刻的公司的所在地。

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Tracy, you know what strikes me as interesting about this, which is that when we think about countries where there's political risk and so forth, we don't often associate them with the most impressive enterprises in the world. And it strikes me that that's the tension we're talking about here, which is that there's all this anxiety about the US as a sovereign for all kinds of reasons. That's not unusual. Other countries have sovereign risk. They're just usually not home to literally the most impressive companies in the world.

Tracy Alloway: 不。确实,大多数投资者对美国的担忧都体现在主权方面。

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No. And it is true that most of the investor nervousness around the US has shown up on the sovereign side.

Joe Weisenthal: 是的。而不是企业方面。

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Yeah. Not the corporate side

Tracy Alloway: 而不是企业方面,我们一直在Oddlots通讯中撰写这方面的内容。

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rather than the corporate side which we've been writing about in the Oddlots newsletter

Joe Weisenthal: 每个人都应该订阅。

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which everyone should subscribe to.

Tracy Alloway: 无缝植入。好的。另一个我认为当前市场面临的大问题是,人们明显对财政主导(Fiscal Dominance: 指政府财政政策对央行货币政策产生压倒性影响,迫使央行维持低利率以支持政府债务)和美联储独立性(Federal Reserve independence: 指美联储在制定货币政策时不受政治干预的能力)感到担忧,这也在导致美元下跌。然而与此同时,股票似乎正在飙升,许多投资者似乎并不那么紧张,至少在股票方面是这样。这种差异的原因是什么?

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Seamless plug just then. Okay. One of the other I guess big questions about the market right now is there's clearly nervousness about fiscal dominance and Federal Reserve independence and that is playing into the drop in the dollar too. And yet at the same time, stocks seem to be taking off and a lot of investors don't seem to be that nervous, at least on the equity side. What accounts for the discrepancy there?

财政主导与美联储独立性之争

Ozan Tarman: 两种不同的角色。谈到植入,我也喜欢《纽约时报》的文章。我想你们应该得到所有的信任,相信我,所有那些朋友和客户,他们都在听。他们在我上节目时都非常兴奋。现在,Tracy确实点中了要害。脱美元化(De-dollarization: 减少对美元的依赖)是今年年底前的一个关键大主题。财政主导与否以及著名的美联储独立性。这是我的第二和第三个关键话题。顺便说一句,关税在哪里?一直降到第四位。

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The two different roles. Talking about plugins, I also love the New York Times piece. I think you guys deserve all the trust me all those friends clients, they listen. They they get very excited when I'm on. Now, Tracy definitely hit the right point. Dolorization is one key big theme going into the end of the year. Fiscal dominance or not and the famous Fed independence. Those are my second and third key topics. By the way, where are where are tariffs? All the way down to four.

Joe Weisenthal: 我忘了那些关税了。

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I forgot about those tariffs.

Ozan Tarman: 财政主导。所以我们谈过,对吧?我喜欢和你们一起集思广益。你们还记得我在八月份说的话吗?夏天的时候,每个人,或者说一些关键投资者,特别是快钱投资者,都在瞄准四个国家同时出现的四个关键信任时刻。这意味着什么?我的意思是,信任时刻,我们悲哀地知道我在说什么,长期收益率失控,对人们的……对市场来说,巨大的财政……

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Fiscal dominance. So we talked right I love uh brainstorming with you guys. You remember what I said in August as well summer everybody was everybody like some key investors especially fast money were gunning for from my dear island four key trust moments in four countries at the same time what does that mean I mean trust moment we sadly know what I'm talking about long yand getting out of control for people's uh for markets big fiscal

Joe Weisenthal: 美国、英国、日本,第四个是什么?

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US UK Japan what's the fourth

Ozan Tarman: 出于正确的原因,欧洲繁荣。

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for the right reasons Europe boom

Ozan Tarman: 出于正确的原因,因为德国的支出将在年底增加等等。一些关键投资者在问,好吧,一个信任时刻我们知道我们是如何处理的,当时的财政大臣然后首相采取了不同的政策,如果四个国家同时出现这种情况会怎样?我们在谈论日期时尝试了这一点,9月2日,当你们从长假回来时,长周末。

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for the right reasons because ramp up the German spending will come at the end of um at the end of the year etc. Some key investors were asking well one trust moment we know how we handled chancellor then prime minister goes different sets of policies what happens if four goes at the same time and we tried this on talking about dates September 2 when you guys came back from wherever you came back from on the long uh final final long vacation uh long weekend

Ozan Tarman: 英国国债大幅波动,随后是法国,因为首相将在六天内离任。Tracy,持续了多久?四个小时。那次长期抛售持续了四个小时。我不是在开玩笑。基本上,从那时起,美国30年期国债、欧洲,甚至英国都得到了更好的控制,直到那次鹰派新闻发布会几乎威胁到低于4%。甚至比美元空头更甚,Tracy,在夏季和秋季,长期机构投资者(Real Money)和对冲基金最喜欢的共同交易是什么?陡峭化交易(Steepeners: 预期短期利率下降或长期利率上升,从而使收益率曲线变陡峭的交易)。陡峭化交易、陡峭化交易。欧洲、美国,每个人都有陡峭化交易。首先,由于美国短期利率的原因,迟早会涉及到美联储独立性。特朗普一方的等式将更多地获胜,最终权力将屈服,降息将会到来。而在欧洲方面,由于长期德国支出将在10月、11月到来,陡峭化交易甚至更受欢迎,人们相信他们的立场。首先是美国受到了伤害,两次非农就业数据不及预期,长期利率大幅波动,平坦化交易(Flatteners: 预期短期利率上升或长期利率下降,从而使收益率曲线变平坦的交易)受到伤害。撇开黄金不谈,或者撇开英伟达不谈,每当你听到有人说某个交易是不可触碰的,就要小心了。欧洲的陡峭化交易本应是不可触碰的。

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UK guilts big move followed by France because prime minister was about to go in six days join Tracy How long did it last? 4 hours. That long and sell off lasted 4 hours. And I'm not trying to be funny. Basically, since then, US 30 years uh Europe, even UK has been much more under control up until the hish presser almost uh threatening below 4%. Even more than short dollars, Tracy, over the summer and into fall, what were the real money and hedge funds common favorite trade? Steepeners. Steepeners. Steepeners. Europe, US, everybody and their brother had steepeners. First for different reasons on US more due to the short end that sooner or later will come to the Fed independence. The Trump side of the equation would win more finally power would cave in the cuts would come in and on the European side even more popular because of the long end German spending coming through in October November and people believed in their stance. First US got hurt two NFPS miss long and moved big flatteners hurt gold aside whenever you say or Nvidia aside whenever you say somebody says a trade is untouchable watch out European stiffeners were supposed to be untouchable

Ozan Tarman: 在美国平坦化交易被冲刷掉两天后,欧洲的也被削减了,自从那次鹰派新闻发布会以来,我们变得更加平衡。

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two days after that flattening wash out in US Europe also got reduced and since the hish presser we are we are more balanced

Ozan Tarman: 回到美联储独立性,就在今天早上,新闻界Matt Rasin,我的美国利率策略主管,他以前来自美联储,是一位非常受人尊敬的分析师,他写了一篇关于美联储独立性担忧的文章,认为它没有体现在价格中,没有体现在盈亏平衡通胀率中,也没有体现在期限溢价中。

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on to fed independence again just this morning of the press Matt Rasin my head of US uh race strategy previously from the Fed very respectable analyst wrote about this Fed independence fear not being in the price not in the break evens not in the term premia

Ozan Tarman: 为什么?我认为有点是因为到目前为止,如果你愿意,我们可以直接深入探讨。我认为这次降息在我看来是合理的,即使他们在一周前降息50个基点也是合理的。谈到一些亲爱的客户朋友,Rick Rieder公开在电视上和他的文章中说,他们可能而且应该降息50个基点,因为我认为如果他们在6月和7月看到分歧,他们可能已经在6月和7月降息了。展望未来,好吧,他们降息了25个基点,他们不仅降息了25个基点,而且美联储点阵图(Dot Plot: 美联储官员对未来利率预测的图表)也做了它的事情,可能那就是点阵图,但Christopher WallerMichelle Bowman坚持25个基点,甚至一些以前的美联储理事,比如James Bullard,也在竞选职位时说他们应该降息25个基点。所以人们正在思考和希望仍然存在一些美联储独立性。鲍威尔,尽管他是过去的人,但对局势仍有一些控制。这就是为什么我们没有在长期利率方面看到任何美联储独立性的担忧。

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why I think a little bit because so far let's dive right into it if you wish I think this cut is justified in my mind even if they cut 50 a week ago it could have been justified talking about some dear client's friends public so I may say Rick Reer publicly on uh TV and on his writing said they may and they should cut 50 because I think if they saw divisions in June and July they probably would have cut in June and July and going forward okay they they cut 25 not only they cut 25 m did his thing probably that that's the dot but Waller Bowman stuck to 25 even some of the previous Fed governors racing for the job Bullard says they should have done 25 so people are thinking and hoping that there is still some Fed independence. Powell, even though he's the past man, has some control over the situation. That's why we're not getting any Fed independence here on the long end.

Joe Weisenthal: Joe,这很有趣,我年初时没想到会这样,但如果你看看MOVE指数(MOVE Index: 衡量美国国债市场波动性的指数),也就是债券市场波动性指数,它正在下降。它已经下降了很多,这与我们谈论财政主导和美联储独立性等事情时可能预期的结果不完全一样,但它就是这样。这是一张我很久没看的好图。我想回到黄金的讨论,因为我们一直在围绕着美国政治波动和美国主权风险等等打转。但我们来谈谈黄金在美国,或者黄金和美元,当你和客户交谈时,撇开它是一个好交易,人们想搭上好交易等等,人们对美国政治稳定有多少恐惧、焦虑等等?我的意思是,最近美国一位著名的政治评论员被暗杀了。

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Joe, it is interesting, and I would not have expected this earlier in the year, but if you look at the move index, so the index of bond market volatility, it's going down. It's gone down quite a bit, which is not exactly what you might expect to happen when we're talking about things like fiscal dominance and Federal Reserve independence, but there you go. That is a good chart I haven't looked at in a long time. I want to go back to the gold conversation because we kind of been dancing around like oh political volatility in the US and sovereign risk in the US etc. But like let's talk about like gold in the US or gold and the dollar like when you talk to clients setting aside that it's a good trade people want to ride a good trade etc. How much fear, anxiety, etc. is there about US political stability and what are the and I mean a prominent political commentator got assassinated recently in the United States.

Ozan Tarman: 悲哀的是。

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Sadly,

Joe Weisenthal: 在你的晚宴上,美国国内或国外的客人对美国有什么看法?

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what are people at your dinners maybe inside the US or outside dinner saying about the US when they look at our country?

地缘政治风险与央行黄金储备

Ozan Tarman: 这就是为什么越来越多的国家正在增加黄金储备,更多地避开美元。我的祖国土耳其就是一个例子,就储备而言,这是公开已知的。另外,我们也要记住乌克兰和俄罗斯之间正在发生的事情,俄罗斯已经或可能面临的制裁。所以不同的国家也因此更倾向于黄金。因此,除了我们的宏观讨论,利率的起伏,对美国政策的疑问,对地缘政治的疑问,都导致各国央行积累更多黄金。Joe,要让黄金下跌,游戏规则就应该改变。就像今年,我的游戏计划是,好吧,我当时在节目上,我认为这些大的信任时刻,长期利率的崩溃不会发生。我没想到会有这么大的反弹,但我又说会有反弹,特别是散户比专业人士更相信这一点。媒体和黄金齐头并进。应该有一些意想不到的事情发生,例如,也许是关税。突然间,关税,Tracy,有点像“好孩子”的收入来源,它们能带来很多收入。谈论它,电视谈论它,股票谈论它。如果最高法院在任何时候做出决定,而且这也是非常关键的,当他们做出决定时,投票反对。我相信他们可能会,我知道他们可能会使用301条款(S301: 美国《1974年贸易法》第301条,授权总统对外国不公平贸易行为采取报复措施)等等,但我们都会说“哦,一个大问题”。现在问题是,特朗普政府会怎么做?最好的选择是什么?长期利率可能会再次走高,即使这与英伟达和黄金不一定有关,今年的走势也可能改变,这样的事情可能会让我们偏离轨道。

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That's why more and more countries are building up their reserves in gold, shying away from dollar more. My motherland Turkey is an example again publicly known in terms of reserves. Also let's remember what is still going on versus Ukraine and Russia the sanctions that Russia has faced or may face. So different countries are also because of that leaning more towards gold. So besides our macro discussions uh ups and downs of rates that uncertainty that uh question mark over US policy that question mark over geopolitics lead central banks to accumulate more gold Joe for gold to go down the game should change like this year my game plan is going all right again I I was on air I thought these big air trust moments long and crushing everything wouldn't happen I didn't expect this much of a comeback but again I said there would be a comeback especially retail much more than pros believed in this h media gold go hand in hand together there should be something off the left field for example maybe on tariffs all of a sudden tariffs tongue and cheek tracy are a bit the good boy revenues they raise a lot of revenues talks about it TV talk about it torren stock talks about it if Supreme Court at whatever time and that's also very key when when they make the decision votes against I'm sure they may I know they may use S301 etc but will be all of us oh a big that's a question mark now what will the Trump administration do what will best do longans can get going again and even though it's got nothing to do with necessarily Nim media and gold the year's path may change and things like that can take us off the

Joe Weisenthal: 那么,与习近平(Xi Jinping)的大握手和一个新的……我的意思是,我不知道那会是什么,你知道,我的梦想显然是有一天比亚迪(BYD)工厂在田纳西州,小米(Xiaomi)工厂等等。但这会是一个“哦,这让我们走向新方向”的事情吗?一个真正的“让我们重置这种关系”的事情。我不乐观,但这会是那种能够重置某些市场轨迹的事情吗?你像我一样,像一个全球主义者一样谈论田纳西州的比亚迪工厂。我的意思是,这目前不是主流,但如果真的发生了……

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what about a big handshake with Xihinping and a new I mean I don't know what it would be and you know my dream obviously is for a BYD factory in Tennessee one day Xiaomi factory etc. But could that be a oh this charts us in a new direction something that is like a real let's reset this relationship. I'm not optimistic but would that be the type of thing that could uh reset the trajectory of certain markets? You talk like my jaw like a globalist Tennessee factory BYD. I mean that's not the pulse at the moment but sure if that happens

Ozan Tarman: 我的直觉仍然告诉我,这将是短暂的修正,但是的,那就是……我说了什么?那不是目前的主流,那不是纽约目前的主流。这将是一个积极的惊喜,一个不那么令人恐惧的惊喜。

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my gut feel still says shortlived correction but yes that's that what what did I say that's not the pulse that's not the New York pulse at the moment it would be a positive surprise a little bit less scared of things surprise

Ozan Tarman: 是的,我能看到那会冲击黄金。

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and uh yeah I could see that hitting goal

关税:收入来源与增长影响

Tracy Alloway: 所以,我知道现在它在你的清单上排第四位,但我们应该多谈谈关税。我同意它可能成为美国的一个收入来源,也许这能在债券方面提供一些支持。但另一方面,我认为大多数人会认为它会减缓经济增长,这应该会拖累股票方面,但我们还没有真正看到这种情况。人们现在如何谈论关税的实际影响?我不得不说,Joe,我周末收到了我的第一张关税账单。还不错。我想大概是16美元左右,但它们确实存在。我个人感受到了它们。

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So, I know it's number four on your list now, but we should talk about tariffs a little more. And I take the point that it could be a revenue generator for the US and maybe that provides some support on the bond side of things. But on the other hand, I think most people would argue that it would slow economic growth, which should be a drag on the equity side, but we haven't really seen that. How are people talking about the actual impact of tariffs right now? And I got to say, Joe, I got my first customs bill over the weekend. It wasn't too bad. I think it was like $16 or something, but they're here. I feel them personally.

Ozan Tarman: 我想,这算是非常公平的反驳。特别是快钱人群并没有放弃投机。

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Very fair comeback, I guess. Especially fast money crowd hasn't necessarily given up on speculation.

Ozan Tarman: 我的看法是,所有这些英伟达、黄金和长期看涨期权一直正确的部分原因。我喜欢淡化通胀骗局,我喜欢淡化那些现在变得安静得多的衰退悲观论者。但是,是的,如果唐纳德·特朗普总统(President Trump)继续坚持这些关税,尽管一方面它们能产生收入并控制长期利率,但另一方面可能会对增长产生影响,同时伴随着供应侧移民效应。关于特朗普先生,陪审团仍在讨论,无论是否由他主导,这是否是著名的三个词:这是否是暂时性(Transitory: 暂时性的,指通胀等经济现象在短期内出现,但不会持续)的。

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My take sort part of the reason why all these NIDA gold long and calls have been correct. I like to fade the inflation hoax and I like to fade the big recession bears who are much more quiet these days anyway. But yes, if President Trump continues to stick to them, even though on one hand they generate revenue and keep the long end under under control, there may be a growth impact on the other side accompanied by splice side immigration effects and the jury is out there on dear Mr. whether led by him whether this is the famous word three words whether this is transitory or not

Ozan Tarman: 越来越多的客户开始说,我的Binky Chadha,那位著名的首席全球经济学家开始说,也许这种关税效应并没有那么糟糕,无论是在增长方面还是在通胀方面。这些人立即得到了反驳:“早期阶段,早期阶段,让我们等等看。”那么,公司会继续承担这些成本,而不是将那么多成本转嫁给像Tracy这样的消费者吗?特别是当我们谈论超过10%的关税时,大多数国家明年都将面临非常关键的中期选举。所以我认为特朗普和他的支持者知道他们之所以当选是因为通胀。所以一旦滞胀(Stagflation: 经济停滞与通货膨胀并存的现象)阵营看起来正在被证明是正确的,甚至看起来通胀有点攀升,增长放缓更多,我认为我们可能会得到越来越多的……

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more and more some clients start to say my binky the famous chief global economist start to say maybe this tariff effect wasn't as bad both on growth side and on on inflation side these people immediately get a push back early days early days let's wait so will companies continue to eat them and not pass that much to the traces of the world to the to the customer especially when we talk of beyond 10% tariffs which most countries face next year your country faces a very key midterm elections so I I think Trump and Bessant know that they got elected because of inflation so the moment the stackflation camp starts to look like they are proving correct even look like a bit of a climb on inflation more slowdown on growth I think we may we may get more and more taco

Ozan Tarman: 因为他们想赢得那些中期选举,然后他们会采取越来越多的措施来降低关税。但如果他们被证明是正确的,如果它没有反映在消费者身上,如果通胀继续保持在可接受的水平,我知道不是2%,但低于3%,也许这种现状会继续下去。

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because they want to win those uh midterm elections then uh they would take more and more steps lower on tariffs but if they prove correct if it's not reflected on the customer if inflation continues to remain okay I know it's not 2% but below 3% maybe this uh status quo continues

Joe Weisenthal: 抱歉,你刚才叫Binky Chadha“我的Binky”吗?

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sorry did you just call binky chada my binky

Ozan Tarman: 是的,我确实是。甚至当我们……为这些宏观晚宴做了很多准备,相信我,当他发送他的问题和关键要点时,他告诉我从“我的Binky”开始。所以,你必须……

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yes I did even like when we there's a lot of preparation going for these macro dimmer as well trust me when he sends his questions and his key bullet points He tells me to start with my binky. So, you got to

Joe Weisenthal: 我想我们从来没有邀请他上过播客。我们必须……我们应该……

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I don't think we've ever had him on the podcast. We got We got to uh We should

Ozan Tarman: 是的,我跟他上过几次电视。我是他的忠实粉丝。我们必须促成此事。当你想到美国经济,也许还有欧洲经济,但我认为主要是美国,当你想到增长前景时。这是我一直在问很多人的一件事。你认为美国经济,仅仅是美国经济的向前动能,尤其是在你的职业生涯中,它在多大程度上依赖于资产价值的这种持续上涨?你认为我们是否需要年复一年的繁荣市场才能保持这种消费需求引擎和投资引擎的运转?

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Yeah, I I I've talked to him a couple times on TV. Uh big fan of his. We got to make that happen. When you think about the US economy and maybe the European economy, too, but I think it's the US and you think about growth prospects. This is something I've been asking a lot of people about. like how much do you think the US economy as a just the forward momentum of the US economy especially over the course of your career how much has it become dependent on this perpetual rise in asset values and you think like do we need a booming market year after year just to keep that sort of like consumption demand engine investment engine going

K型经济与财富差距

Ozan Tarman: 嗯,是的,这是简短的回答。我认为细节甚至更复杂,有点悲哀。我认为你需要,我们需要在这个游戏中,就是这样。下一个是B2B、B2C,三十年前是3D,现在当然是人工智能,人工智能在过去三年里。

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well yes is the short answer I think the details are even more complicated a bit sad I think you need you we need in this game that's it thing it the next thing it was B2B B2C three decades ago uh 3D now of course AI I AI past three years

Ozan Tarman: 而且美国,我的意思是,正如我所说,这个国家在更开放的时代给了我教育,它依赖于增长,依赖于动物精神(Animal Spirits: 凯恩斯提出的一个概念,指人类非理性的乐观或悲观情绪,驱动经济活动),依赖于这些资产类别不断走高。这就是为什么Tracy十分钟前的问题非常关键,我们是否处于泡沫的“即将到来”阶段,还是已经处于泡沫之中,因为如果泡沫破裂,经济也会受到影响。此外,Joe,我非常相信K型经济(K-economy: 指经济复苏或发展中,不同群体或行业表现出截然不同的趋势,形成K字形分化)的整个术语。所以我在你的节目中又说过,世界可能对我们定义为1%、5%、1%的群体来说更好,但有更大一部分人正在挣扎,在美国是这样,在全球也是如此。一些统计数据显示,美国10%的消费者积累了近50%的消费,其余的人财富少得多。财富效应(Wealth Effect: 资产价值变化对消费支出的影响)越来越大。当我在大学时,在这个国家四处奔波时,我们也在谈论贫富差距,但现在这变得甚至与宏观经济相关。这就是为什么像我这样的人对降息、风险管理与否感到满意。

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and also US I mean again as I said the country that gave my education right in more open times for that relies on growth relies on animal spirits relies on those asset classes to go higher and higher and that's why the Tracy question from like 10 minutes ago is very key whether we are at you know we're getting there stage of the bubble or we at the bubble because if that bursts economy can get affected as well also Joe I'm a big believer in the K economy the whole uh terminology of that so I said this again uh before on your shows world may be more okay for whatever we define ourselves as 1% 5%.1% there's a much bigger part who are struggling definitely on US but globally as well some again it's a statistics thrown out there these days 10% of the US consumers accumulate almost 50% of consumption and the rest much less wealth effect is getting bigger and bigger when I was in college running around in this country again we were talking about the wealth gap but now this becomes relevant even macro relevant that's why people like me are okay with the rate cuts risk management or not

美国“新兴市场化”与财政压制

Joe Weisenthal: 当你在伦敦或欧洲或其他地方遇到美国人时,他们会诋毁美国的政策吗?他们会谈论我们的机构是如何恶化,以及我们如何需要回到那种“老式”的国际货币基金组织(IMF: International Monetary Fund: 促进全球货币合作、金融稳定和国际贸易的国际组织)正统经济学的美好旧时光吗?

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when you encounter Americans in London or Americans in Europe or anywhere outside do they badmouth US policy do they like talk about how terrible and like how much our institutions s are deteriorating and how we need to get back to that sort of like good old-fashioned IMF orthodox economics of the good old days.

Ozan Tarman: 好的,让我从科比(Kobe Bryant)那里得到传球,然后来个沙克(Shaquille O'Neal)式的扣篮。看,他们确实会,特别是如果他们像我一样出生在新兴市场,但现在在全球范围内交易。

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Okay, let me get the pass from Kobe and do a bit of a shack. Look uh they do it's some of especially if they have uh like me born and b emerging markets but now trading the whole wide world

Ozan Tarman: 如果他们是游览我美丽世界的美国人,他们会受到影响。当他们听到这样的对话时,他们会明白。当他们交易土耳其、匈牙利、阿根廷时,他们会说:“好吧,因为这种政治、金融压制(Financial Repression: 政府通过政策手段压低利率,以减轻自身债务负担,通常损害储户利益),我不相信它,所以我正在抛售货币。”在别人的土地和货币上这样做更容易。

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and if they are Americans touring my beautiful beautiful world they are affected like they when they hear conversations like this they understand when they traded Turkey Hungary Argentina and say okay because of this politics financial repression I don't believe it that's why I'm selling the currency it was easier to do for somebody else's land and currency.

Ozan Tarman: 现在,这既伤害了他们,也让他们陷入了两难境地,对吧?他们可能会继续批评正在发生的一些事情,但就我提出的论点而言,至少股票部分仍在表现良好,美国10年期国债仍未达到6%。这让他们感到沮丧。这让我想到,不在我们的大主题中,但作为一个大主题,一个超越第四季度的关键点是,什么将赢得信任时刻?我象征性地称之为财政主导或金融压制。

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Now, both it hurts them a bit and also it becomes a bit of a dilemma, right? They may continue to criticize some of the things that are going on, but for the arguments that I I laid out risk parity at least the equity part continues to do okay and US 10 years still is not going to 6%. It frustrates them. This brings me to not in the in our big big ones but big thematics a key point going forward much beyond the fourth quarter what's going to win the trust moments my symbolic way of saying fiscal dominance or financial repression

Ozan Tarman: 再次,作为一个在土耳其、匈牙利、阿根廷等国家有经验的人。

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again as somebody who's experienced in these turkeys Hungary Argentinos of the world

Ozan Tarman: 亲爱的特朗普先生说什么?他是一位前客户朋友。他 literalmente 说:“我会弯曲曲线。我们会处理曲线。”你知道,他说“弯曲”,他不会处理,也许通过他们非常关注拍卖,确保拍卖顺利进行,他们也确实做到了,除了一个通胀保值债券(TIPS: Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities: 一种美国财政部发行的债券,其本金会根据通胀率进行调整)拍卖。也许通过更多地购买短期债券,反之亦然,更多地购买长期债券,以确保这些利率得到控制。扭曲操作(Operation Twist: 美联储通过出售短期国债和购买长期国债来影响长期利率的政策)11-12年,他们可能会赢得大多数人的想法,即财政主导将获胜。我的直觉仍然告诉我……

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what does dear Mr. Best say is a former client friend tell a friend bending the curve he literally said I'll bend the curve we will take care of the curve you know he said banned he will not take care of maybe through like they do being very watchful over the auctions making sure auctions go very well which they have been one tips auction aside maybe through buying much more on the short end vice versa buying more on the on the long end to make sure that those rates stay under control operation twist Allah 1112 they may win over majorities thought that fiscal dominance will win. My Godfield continued to say

Ozan Tarman: 不一定要赌它不会发生,无论你喜欢与否。美联储和财政部在这场所有美国金融压制中更紧密地合作。

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don't necessarily bet against whether you like it or not. Fed and Treasury working more closely together on this all US financial repression.

Ozan Tarman: 回到你的问题,一些客户,我在纽约、伦敦或圣保罗遇到的美国人,有点惊讶地说:“我们是不是有点新兴市场化(Emerging Marketized: 指发达经济体开始出现新兴市场经济体的某些特征,如政治不稳定、货币波动等)了?你说的财政部和美联储更紧密地合作是什么意思?这不是2008年或2009年。”但到目前为止,那些押注于此的人,那些与特朗普先生一起押注的人,在他们的长期美国观点上表现更好。

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Going back to your questions, some clients, Americans I meet in New York, London or S. Paulo are a bit takenback by saying are we becoming a bit emerging marketized? What do you mean by Treasury and Fed working even closely together this is not 2008 2009 but so far those who bet towards that those who bet with Mr. Bent did better on their long and US views.

中国经济:出口、黄金与人民币走强

Joe Weisenthal: 谈到全球,你的客户对中国有什么看法?因为,你知道,我正在我的屏幕上看到一篇非常好的彭博报道。中国在特朗普关税后向世界倾销廉价出口商品。我想他们刚刚公布了创纪录的贸易顺差。

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Speaking of the wide world, what are your clients saying about China in particular? Because, you know, I'm looking at a very good Bloomberg story on my screen right now. China floods the world with cheap exports after Trump's tariffs. And I think they just posted a record trade surplus.

Tracy Alloway: 今天早上还有另一篇好文章。中国希望成为一个黄金储存中心,我觉得这真的很引人注目。

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And there was another good article this morning. China wanting to be a gold storage hub, which I thought was really striking.

Ozan Tarman: 它确实成为了一个黄金中心,黄金……

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He did become a gold hub gold

Joe Weisenthal: 我猜是在做瑞士的角色。

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doing a Switzerland, I guess.

Ozan Tarman: 是的。是的。

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Yeah. Yeah.

Tracy Alloway: 但另一方面,你知道,中国的增长一直在放缓,而且存在通缩。但如果你看看像上海综合指数这样的指数,感觉人们开始有点乐观了。你听到了什么?

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But on the other hand, you know, growth has been slowing in China and there is deflation. But if you look at something like the Shanghai composite, it feels like people are starting to get a little bit more optimistic. What are you hearing?

Ozan Tarman: 这有三部分。首先,中国作为一个资产类别。我们在这里把它与黄金和新兴市场一起列为年度冠军,在12月、11月、1月早些时候。每个人都一样。有点像这样。不像今年8月、9月初的陡峭化交易。当时最热门的交易是做多美元兑人民币离岸汇率(Long Dollar CNH: 押注美元兑离岸人民币汇率上涨)。

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Three parts of that. First of all, China as an asset class. We have it here as alongside golden emerging markets champion of the year in December, November, January earlier. Everybody and their brother a bit like this. Not a bit like the steepener trade of this August early September. It was the top trade going long dollar CNH.

Ozan Tarman: 这些关税会最严厉地针对中国。没有办法。所有美元兑人民币的看涨期权都以7.5的行权价开始,以8的行权价结束。所有这些都没有实现。好吧,我们没有跌到6.90、6.80,但人民币正在升值。谈到我们4月16日的那天,在4月9日,当我们质疑这个系统时,最大的担忧是在那个早上,中国会大幅贬值,大银行。他们什么也没做,目前我的大中华区交易主管Ten Who Namerop,他很好地预测了这次中国科技股和人民币的反弹,他认为,根据他的研究,人民币走强(RMB Strength: 人民币汇率相对于其他货币走高)还有更多的上涨空间,因为无论他们走到世界各地,秘鲁港口、巴西亚马逊森林,跟随中国企业,回到我们的讨论,这些人耳朵里都是美元,现在为了你提到的讨论点,他们想稍微对冲一下,所以他们想稍微卖出他们的美元,这是一个很大的因素。所以我认为中国科技股将继续成为冠军资产类别,在我看来,也许不会跌到6.90、6.80,但我仍然押注人民币走强而不是美元走强。今年这些落后者之一会表现更好,对世界产生影响。你们彭博社今天早上确实有一篇文章,就像Tracy说的,关于输出这种通胀。

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These tariffs lighter they would be the toughest on China. There is no way. All the dollar CN calls were both starting with 7 and a half strikes at 8. All of that didn't materialize. Okay, we didn't go to 690 680 but the CH is appreciating. talking about the day we made April 16 on April 9th the big fear was on that morning when we questioned the system April 9 morning China would devalue big time big bank they didn't do any of that and currently my head of greater China trading 10 who namerop nicely called this China tech and CN rally thinks that and with his research R&B strength has more legs to go because wherever they go around the world Peru ports Brazil Amazon forests following the China corporates back to our discussion these guys are full of dollars out of their ears and now for discussions for the points that you mentioned they want to hedge a little bit so they want to sell their dollars a little bit and that's a big factor so that's I think China tech will continue to be the champion asset class gone to my head maybe not going to 690 680 but I am still betting with CN and R&B strength over dollar strength one of these leagers of the year will do better to the world effect you guys actually Bloomberg had a piece this very morning like Tracy said on exporting this inflation.

Ozan Tarman: 所以世界上有两个大国,我们的美国和我们的中国。特朗普先生正在关税方面做他正在做的事情。世界上其他大国不一定会与世界舞台上的另一个大巨头作斗争。所以那些廉价汽车正在进入欧洲及其他地区,这是一个宏观因素。为什么?因为欧洲央行(ECB: European Central Bank: 欧元区的中央银行)又回到了蓝筹股。

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So two big countries in this in this world our America and our China Mr. Trump is doing what he's doing on the tariff side. These other big countries of the world don't necessarily fight with the other big giant in the world stage. So those cheap cars are coming into Europe and beyond and that is a macro factor. Why? Because ECB back to blue hat now

Ozan Tarman: 他们已经完成了。欧洲央行行长拉加德(Madame Lagard)非常明确地说他们暂时完成了。欧洲央行执行委员会成员施纳贝尔(Madame Schneabel)暂时赢得了讨论。甚至欧洲央行首席经济学家莱恩(Lane)听起来也更像她,更鹰派。

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they're done. Madame Lagard very definely says they're done for now. Madame Schneabel for now is winning the discussion. Even Lane is sounding a bit more like her, more hawkish.

Ozan Tarman: 让我们看看。他们不……也许我们没有通胀问题,通胀率低于2%。如果有什么的话,我的首席欧洲经济学家Mark Wall认为它可能会降到1.6%或1.5%。如果发生这种情况,让我们看看他们在12月、1月时的语气。如果中国继续输出这种通胀,也许即使他们现在不说,他们最终也可能不得不降息。所以这对欧洲的故事来说是一个很大的因素。Joe,我们应该让Ozan在整个采访中都戴着他的欧洲帽子。

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Let's see. They don't we maybe we don't have an inflation problem printing below 2%. If anything, my Mark W chief European economist thinks it may go lower to 1.6 1.5. If that happens, let's see what their tone is come December, come January. If this China continues to export to this inflation, maybe even though they don't say it now, they may have to end up cutting. So that that's a big factor for the European story. Joe, we should have asked Ozan to wear his Europe hat for this entire interview.

Joe Weisenthal: 我知道那是一顶很酷的帽子。德意志银行全球宏观副主席Ozan Tarman。很高兴能和你见面。市场总是处于激动人心的时刻。另外,我们喜欢和你交谈,因为它只是德意志银行分析师的名单,比如“哦,是的,我们需要和那个人谈谈。我们需要和那个人谈谈。”我的工作就是把他们请来。是的,没错。我知道。销售做得好。总之,非常感谢。

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I know it's a cool hat. Ozan Tarman, vice chair of global macro at Deutsche Bank. Always a pleasure meeting up with you. Always seems to be at exciting times in the market. Uh, also we like talking to you because it's just a list of um Deutsche Bank analysts like, "Oh yeah, we need to talk to that guy. We need to talk to that guy." Follow my job. Bring them on. Yeah, right. I know. Good sales. Anyway, thank you so much.

Ozan Tarman: 这太棒了。非常感谢。

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This was great. Thank you so much.

市场共识交易与未解之谜

Tracy Alloway: 我喜欢和Ozan交流各种话题。总是很有趣。他对当前流行的交易有很好的解读。哦,当然。现在。而且……

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I love catching up with Ozan for all kinds. Always really fun. He has a great read on one of the popular trades. Oh, for sure. Right now. And

Joe Weisenthal: 或者只是谈话要点,对吧?

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or just the talking points, right?

Tracy Alloway: 还有谈话要点。这个想法是,我们对中国市场的讨论不多,就股市而言,我们确实谈论了一点,但从他的角度来看,做多中国目前与所有大盘股、英伟达和黄金一样重要,直到最近,陡峭化交易可能有点失灵,因为它没有那么奏效,但这是目前顶级共识交易之一,我们可能应该进一步讨论。

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And the talking points. this idea that you know we we don't talk about the Chinese market that much in terms uh terms of the stock market we do a little bit but the idea that from his perspective long China is up there right now with all the big ones Nvidia and gold and up until recently the steepener maybe that's fallen off a little bit because it hasn't worked as well that this is one of the sort of top tier consensus trades right now something that we should probably talk about further

Joe Weisenthal: 我还觉得关税从关注清单上的第一位降到第四位很有趣。

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I also find it interesting that tariffs have fallen from number one on the list of concerns to like number four if that

Tracy Alloway: 不,这完全正确。我的意思是,当我们和他交谈时,那是在四月中旬或四月初的伦敦,所以当时都是关于关税的。然而,尽管关税目前对许多交易员来说不再是首要关注的问题,但有趣的是,这个想法仍然存在。

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no that's totally right I mean when we when we talked to him that was middle of April in London or early April I think and so it was all about tariffs and yet despite the fact that tariffs are not top of mind for a lot of traders apparently right now it is interesting that still this idea to

Tracy Alloway: 我们不希望直接接触美国,我们希望接触美国公司,但不是直接接触美国。这都是故事的一部分。

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we don't really want to have exposure to the US per se we want to have exposure to US companies but not the us per se. That's all part of the story.

Joe Weisenthal: 说到这个,现在另一个非常好的图表是黄金与实际利率。所以,你可以调出像通胀保值债券收益率(TIP Yields: Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities Yields: 通胀保值债券的收益率,反映市场对实际利率的预期)之类的东西。你可以看到以前有一个非常强的,几乎是一对一的相关性,但现在已经打破了。

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Speaking of which, another really good chart to look at right now is gold versus real rates. So, you can bring up like tip yields or something like that. And you can see there used to be a really strong almost one for one correlation and that's broken. Now,

Tracy Alloway: 这非常有趣,对吧?因为它表明还有其他事情正在发生,对吧?因为很容易说,好吧,实际利率等等,它们正在下降。你想……

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that's very interesting, right? Because it suggests that there's something else going on, right? Because it's very easy to say, okay, real rates, etc., they're going down. You want to like

Joe Weisenthal: 我认为那是主权担忧。

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I think it's that sovereign concern.

Tracy Alloway: 是主权担忧。它更深层次,可能对许多不同的西方政府和法定货币等等都更深层次。缺乏信任,也许是一些没有在传统市场中显现出来,却在黄金中显现出来的事情。我确实认为这非常重要。

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It's that sovereign concern. It's like something deeper and it may be deeper to a lot of different sort of, you know, western governments and fiat currencies and so forth. A lack of trust, maybe something that doesn't show up in a traditional market showing up in gold. I do think that's really important.

Joe Weisenthal: 是的。好吧。我们就到这里吧?

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Yeah. All right. Shall we leave it there?

Tracy Alloway: 就到这里吧。

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Let's leave it there.

Tracy Alloway: 这是Odd Lots播客的又一期节目。我是Tracy Alloway。你可以在@TraceeAloay关注我。

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This has been another episode of the Odd Thoughts podcast. I'm Tracy Aloway. You can follow me at Tracee Aloay.

Joe Weisenthal: 我是Joe Weisenthal。你可以在@TheStalwart关注我。关注我们的制作人Kerman Rodriguez,他的账号是@KermanArmano,Bennett的账号是@Dashbot,以及Kaleb Brooks的账号是@Kalebrooks。更多OddLots内容,请访问bloomberg.com/odlotss。

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And I'm Joe Wisenthal. You can follow me at the stalwart. Follow our producers Kerman Rodriguez at Kerman Armano Bennett at Dashbot and Kaleb Brooks at Kalebrooks. For more OddLots content, go to bloomberg.com/odlotss.

Joe Weisenthal: 我们有每日通讯和所有节目。你可以在我们的Discord频道discord.gg/odlotss上24/7讨论所有这些话题。

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We have a daily newsletter and all of our episodes. And you can chat about all of these topics 247 in our Discord, discord.gg/odlotss.

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