COP30气候峰会美国缺席、特朗普政府政策与西岸暴力升级 New York Times Podcasts 2025-11-12

纽约时报头条新闻

这里是《纽约时报》的头条新闻。我是威尔·贾维斯。今天是11月12日星期三。以下是我们正在报道的内容。

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From the New York Times, it's the headlines. I'm Will Jarvis. Today's Wednesday, November 12th. Here's what we're covering.

COP 30气候峰会与美国领导力真空

我之所以来到这里,是因为美国缺乏领导力。这种真空状态令人相当震惊。本周,在全球最受瞩目的气候大会——COP 30(联合国气候变化大会第30届会议:全球最高级别的气候会议)上,加州州长加文·纽森(Gavin Newsom)成为了焦点。联合国峰会历史上首次出现美国未派遣代表团的情况。因此,纽森是此次在巴西举行的会谈中,最引人注目的美国官员。

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The reason I'm here is in the absence of leadership coming from the United States. This vacuum, it's rather jaw-dropping. This week at the world's highest profile climate conference, COP 30, California Governor Gavin Nuome has stepped into the spotlight. For the first time in the history of the UN summit, the US did not send a delegation. So Nuome is the most prominent American official at the talks which are taking place in Brazil.

纽森表示,这是我们经济战略的一部分,是经济上的必然要求。在全球竞争中,我们有责任在国家领导力缺失的情况下,更有力地展现我们的主张。

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>> This is part of our economic strategy. It's an economic imperative. It's a global competitive responsibility for us to now assert ourselves more forcefully in the absence of national leadership.

在一场又一场的演讲中,被认为是潜在总统候选人的纽森,强烈反击了特朗普政府(Donald Trump执政时期的美国联邦政府)试图退出全球气候合作、并加倍押注化石燃料(fossil fuels: 煤炭、石油、天然气等不可再生能源)的努力。纽森将加州——美国领先的可再生能源(renewable energy: 来自自然过程并能不断补充的能源)生产州之一——描绘成在减少全球排放斗争中稳定可靠的伙伴。他还将特朗普总统描绘成美国工业的威胁,称他让中国主导了清洁能源技术。

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In speech after speech, Nuome, who's thought to be considering a run for president, pushed back forcefully on the Trump administration's efforts to pull back from global climate cooperation and double down on fossil fuels. Newsome cast his state, which is one of the top producers of renewable energy in the US, as a stable and reliable partner in the fight to reduce global emissions. He also painted President Trump as a threat to American industry, saying he's let China dominate clean energy technology.

中国在清洁能源领域的主导地位

我的同事索米尼·辛格·古普塔(Somini Sengupta)一直在报道COP 30。她表示,除了纽森的评论之外,中国作为世界清洁能源超级大国的地位也受到了广泛关注。

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My colleague Somini Sing Gupta has been covering COP 30 where she says that even beyond Nuome's comments, China's status as the world's clean energy superpower has been getting a lot of attention.

在过去十年中,中国决定以此作为其经济发展的动力,现在他们已经生产了大量清洁能源产品。他们用电动汽车(electric vehicles)、风力涡轮机(wind turbines)和太阳能电池板(solar panels)饱和了国内市场,现在需要全球新市场。索米尼说,随着中国开始向全球市场大量供应廉价的可再生能源技术,这项技术的成本大幅下降,使得世界上许多发展中国家能够迅速且经济地扩大其绿色能源的使用。越南新建了太阳能电池板工厂,巴西新建了电动汽车工厂,埃塞俄比亚甚至禁止进口新的燃油汽车。尽管美国和欧洲对中国一个国家主导新能源技术存在担忧,但中国使其变得如此廉价和易于获取的事实,实际上对气候行动是有益的。这正是几天前领导此次会谈的一位外交官告诉我们的。他说:“如果你担心气候问题,这绝对是个好消息。”

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In the last decade, it's decided that this is how they're going to power their economy and now they've produced so much of it. They've saturated the country with electric vehicles, wind turbines, solar panels. They now need new markets around the world. Somini says that as China has started flooding the global market with cheap renewable technology, the cost of that technology has dropped, allowing many of the world's developing countries to rapidly and affordably expand their use of green energy. There are new solar panel factories in Vietnam, new electric vehicle plants in Brazil, and Ethiopia has even banned the import of new gas powered cars. While there are concerns in the United States and Europe about one country, China, dominating new energy technologies, the fact that China has made it so cheap and so accessible is actually good for climate action. That's exactly what a diplomat who was leading the talks here told us a couple of days ago. He said, "If you're worried about climate, this is good news.

特朗普政府政策更新

现在,关于特朗普政府的三个最新消息。

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Now, three updates on the Trump administration.

移民执法升级

《泰晤士报》获悉,白宫正在敲定计划,将大量边境执法人员(border agents: 负责边境安全和移民执法的联邦官员)派往新奥尔良和北卡罗来纳州的夏洛特,这将标志着总统在美国主要城市(包括最著名的芝加哥)加强移民打击行动的升级。为期两个月的执法行动已导致数千人被捕,并引发了愤怒居民与联邦执法人员之间的激烈对抗,后者有时会使用催泪瓦斯(tear gas: 一种刺激眼睛和呼吸道的化学武器)和胡椒喷雾(pepper spray: 一种刺激性喷雾,用于自卫或执法)对人群进行驱散。

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The Times has learned that the White House is finalizing plans to send a surge of border agents to New Orleans and Charlotte, North Carolina, that would mark an escalation of the president's immigration crackdown in major US cities, including most notably Chicago. there. A two-month enforcement blitz has led to thousands of arrests and sparked intense confrontations between angry residents and federal agents who've sometimes responded by using tear gas and pepper spray on crowds.

对委内瑞拉的施压与军事行动

此外,美国海军最大、最先进的航空母舰(aircraft carrier: 搭载和起降飞机的军舰)昨天抵达加勒比海。白宫助手一直在推动罢免委内瑞拉威权领导人(authoritarian leader: 实行专制统治的领导人)尼古拉斯·马杜罗(Nicholas Maduro),美国也一直在加大对他的施压。与此同时,就在周日,美国在该地区的军队一直在对行政部门所称的从委内瑞拉和其他国家走私毒品的船只进行致命打击(lethal strikes: 导致死亡的军事攻击)。许多军事法律专家称这些打击是非法的。而美国的一个主要盟友——英国,现在也对此表示反对。英国最近停止与美国分享加勒比海地区贩毒船只(drug trafficking vessels: 走私毒品的船只)的情报,一位高级官员告诉《泰晤士报》,英国不希望成为美国打击行动的帮凶。

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Also, the US Navy's largest and most advanced aircraft carrier arrived in the Caribbean yesterday. The US has been ramping up pressure on Venezuelan President Nicholas Maduro as White House aids have pushed to oust the authoritarian leader. At the same time, as recently as Sunday, US troops in the region have been carrying out lethal strikes on boats the administration says are smuggling drugs from Venezuela and other countries. A wide range of military law experts have called those strikes illegal. And one of America's key allies, Britain, has now also pushed back. It recently stopped sharing intelligence on drug trafficking vessels in the Caribbean with a senior official telling the Times the country did not want to be complicit in the American strikes.

与赤道几内亚的遣返协议争议

国务卿(Secretary of State: 美国外交事务的最高官员)马可·卢比奥(Marco Rubio)因其与赤道几内亚达成的一项协议而面临批评,该协议规定赤道几内亚将接收来自美国的被驱逐者(deportees: 被强制遣返的人),以换取750万美元。在致卢比奥的一封信中,民主党参议员吉恩·沙欣(Gene Shaheen)称这项协议“极不寻常”,并指出赤道几内亚是世界上最腐败的政府之一。美国国务院(US State Department: 负责美国外交政策和国际关系的联邦机构)本身曾称腐败是这个西非国家“严重的”问题,并在一份报告中指出,该国政府官员据称涉嫌人口贩运。这项协议是美国与包括卢旺达和萨尔瓦多在内的第三方国家达成的几项类似协议之一,旨在接收非其公民的被驱逐者。支付给赤道几内亚的750万美元是迄今为止最大的一笔款项。国务院拒绝就此安排发表评论。

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And Secretary of State Marco Rubio is facing criticism for a deal he struck with Equatorial Guinea to agree to take deportiz from the US in exchange for $7.5 million. In a letter to Rubio, Democratic Senator Gene Shaheen called the deal highly unusual, noting that Equatorial Guinea has one of the most corrupt governments in the world. The US State Department itself has called corruption a quote severe problem in the West African country and noted in a report that government officials there are said to be involved in human trafficking. The deal is one of several similar agreements the US has struck with third party countries including Rwanda and El Salvador to take in deportes who are not their citizens. The $7.5 million payment for Equatorial Guinea is by far the largest sum yet. The State Department declined to comment on the arrangement

政府停摆与私人航空业

今天在国会山,众议院(House of Representatives: 美国国会两院之一)将复会,审议一项可能结束当前政府停摆(shutdown: 政府因预算僵局而停止非必要服务的状态)并为政府提供资金至1月30日的法案。该法案势头强劲,但众议院的投票结果可能非常接近。几乎所有民主党人都反对这项措施,因为它没有延长医疗保健补贴(healthcare subsidies: 政府为降低医疗费用提供的财政援助),因此众议院议长(House Speaker: 众议院的领导人)迈克·约翰逊(Mike Johnson)可能需要每一位共和党人出席并投票支持。然而,众议院已经停会超过50天,试图赶回华盛顿特区投票的议员可能会因停摆期间加剧的空中交通中断(air traffic disruptions: 航空运输服务受到干扰)而延误。

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on Capitol Hill today. The House of Representatives will return to session to take up the bill that could end the ongoing shutdown and fund the government through January 30th. The bill has significant momentum, but the House vote could be close. Nearly all Democrats are opposed to the measure since it doesn't extend healthcare subsidies, so House Speaker Mike Johnson will likely need every single Republican to show up and vote for it. The House though hasn't been in session for over 50 days and lawmakers trying to rush back to DC for the vote could be delayed by the air traffic disruptions that have escalated during the shutdown.

与此同时,由于政府停摆导致商业航班取消和延误,新数据显示私人航空(private air travel: 使用私人飞机进行的旅行)业务蓬勃发展。根据行业数据显示,10月份私人航空业迎来了近二十年来最好的一个月,各公司报告预订量创历史新高。当出现空中交通管制问题或其他问题时,私人飞机比大型航空公司更容易调整。而且它们基本上能够避免特朗普政府在该国最大机场实施的飞行限制。总的来说,最近的激增是美国私人航空业更大范围增长的一部分。一家包机公司的首席执行官告诉《泰晤士报》:“归根结底,航空公司的中断对私人航空来说是很好的广告。”

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Meanwhile, as the shutdown has caused cancellations and delays for commercial airlines, new data shows that private air travel has boomed. According to numbers from the industry, private aviation had its best month in nearly two decades in October with companies reporting record numbers of bookings. Private jets can pivot more easily than big airlines when there are air traffic control issues or other problems. And they've largely been able to avoid flight restrictions that the Trump administration put in place at the country's largest airports. Overall, the recent surge is part of a bigger uptick in private air travel in the US. The CEO of one charter jet company told the Times, quote, "Ultimately, airline disruption is good advertisement for private aviation."

约旦河西岸暴力升级

在中东地区,以色列定居者(Israeli settlers: 居住在以色列在1967年占领的土地上的以色列人)一直在加剧对被占领的约旦河西岸(occupied West Bank: 以色列自1967年以来占领的巴勒斯坦领土)巴勒斯坦人的袭击,焚烧房屋,纵火车辆,并殴打居民。根据联合国的数据,10月份的定居者暴力事件是近二十年来最多的一个月,有超过250起袭击事件,大量犹太极端分子涌入约旦河西岸。最近一次重大袭击发生在昨天的一个工业区,数十名蒙面以色列人放火烧毁了一个仓库,砸碎窗户并殴打了几名巴勒斯坦人。以色列警方表示,他们逮捕了四名与此次袭击有关的人员。根据巴勒斯坦和以色列人权组织(human rights groups: 致力于保护和促进人权的非政府组织)的说法,此类逮捕事件非常罕见。

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In the Middle East, Israeli settlers have been escalating their attacks on Palestinians in the occupied West Bank, burning homes, torching vehicles, and beating residents. According to the UN, October saw the most settler violence of any month in nearly two decades with more than 250 attacks as large groups of Jewish extremists descended on the West Bank. The latest major attack came yesterday in an an industrial zone where dozens of masked Israelis set fire to a warehouse, smashing windows and beating several Palestinians. Israeli police said they arrested four people in connection with the attack. According to Palestinian and Israeli human rights groups, arrests like that are a rarity.

许多人权组织指责以色列政府经常对定居者的暴力行为视而不见。他们说,当局通常在不拘留以色列袭击者的情况下驱散冲突,而且很少有人被指控犯罪。一个以色列人权组织发现,在20年间,警方调查了1700多起针对巴勒斯坦人的暴力案件。几乎所有案件都在没有起诉(indictment: 正式指控犯罪)的情况下结案。

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A number of rights groups have accused the Israeli governments of frequently turning a blind eye to settler violence. They say authorities often disperse clashes without detaining Israeli attackers and that few are ever charged with crimes. One Israeli rights group found that over the course of 20 years, police investigated more than 1,700 cases of violence against Palestinians. Nearly all of them were closed without an indictment.

美国军事葬礼上的《熄灯号》

最后,一个多世纪以来,美国退伍军人(military veterans: 曾在美国军队服役的人)葬礼上庄严而标志性的一部分,就是被称为**《熄灯号》(Taps: 美国军事葬礼上演奏的24音符号角曲)的24音符号角曲**(bugle call: 用号角演奏的短曲)。

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And finally, for more than a century, a solemn iconic part of funerals for American military veterans has been the 24 note bugle call known as taps.

《泰晤士报》一直在报道,近年来这首曲子不仅由官方军事乐手在全国各地演奏,还有数千名志愿者参与演奏。回到2000年,大多数退伍军人都有资格获得包括演奏《熄灯号》在内的葬礼荣誉,但需求很快就超过了供应。一度每天约有1800名退伍军人去世,而军事号手只有500人。作为回应,五角大楼批准了数字号角。这基本上是一个号角形状的扬声器,播放阿灵顿国家公墓(Arlington National Cemetery: 美国著名的军事公墓)的《熄灯号》旧录音。

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The Times has been covering how in recent years that song has been played across the country, not just by official military musicians, but also by thousands of volunteers. Back in 2000, most veterans were made eligible to receive funeral honors that included a rendition of taps, but demand quickly outstripped supply. At one point, there were about 1,800 veteran deaths a day and only 500 military bugers. In response, the Pentagon green lit a digital bugle. Basically, a bugle-shaped speaker that plays an old recording of taps from Arlington National Cemetery.

然而,这些经过改装的号角受到了那些演奏真号角的人的广泛批评。他们抱怨这些数字号角具有欺骗性,或者有时会被错误地设置为播放错误的曲子。因此,全国各地的志愿者纷纷介入,确保尽可能多的葬礼能够由真人演奏传统的《熄灯号》。例如,去年“全美号手”(Bugles Across America)组织的成员在5000多场军事葬礼或活动中进行了演奏。一位志愿者告诉《泰晤士报》:“当我意识到他们在使用罐头音乐时,我的心都碎了。”一位19岁的学生也一直在葬礼上演奏,他说在演奏《熄灯号》时,他会思考每一个音符,他说:“这是一个故事,就像你在讲述这位士兵的故事。”

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But those modified bugles got a wide range of criticism from people who play the real thing. They've complained that they're deceptive or that they can sometimes be cued to play the wrong song altogether. So, across the country, volunteers have stepped in to make sure that as many funerals as possible get traditional taps played by a human. For example, members of the group Bugles Across America played at more than 5,000 military funerals or events last year. One volunteer told the Times, "It just broke my heart when I realized that they were using canned music." And a 19-year-old student who's also been playing at funerals said that as he's playing taps, he thinks about each note, quote, "It's a story, like you're telling the story of this soldier."

这些就是头条新闻。我是威尔·贾维斯。节目明天将由特蕾西·芒福德(Tracy Mumford)继续。

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Those are the headlines. I'm Will Jarvis. The show will be back tomorrow with Tracy Mumford.