纪念而不崇尚:博物馆的教育使命与历史演进
加拿大坦克博物馆的核心宗旨在于纪念历史并提供教育,而非以任何方式美化战争或煽动冲突。通过展示真实的军事装备,博物馆旨在让公众了解过去与现在的退伍军人所守护的内容,以及军事系统如何运作。这不仅是对退伍军人服役与牺牲(Service and Sacrifice)的尊重,也是一种历史的延续。
现任执行董事 Jeremy Blowers 介绍,虽然其前身安大略团博物馆(Ontario Regiment Museum)有着悠久历史,但以“加拿大坦克博物馆”命名的当前形态实际上成立于2024年。随着藏品的日益丰富,博物馆所承载的叙事范畴与深度也在不断扩展。目前,该馆拥有 163 件军事装备,其中超过 150 件处于可运行状态,是世界上运行中的军用车辆最大规模的收藏之一。
Original English Source
It's very important that people understand that our museum and the things that we're doing educationally in the shows is not to in any way glorify war or promote conflict. The whole purpose is so that people can have an understanding of what our veterans in the past and today served on what protects them, how the systems work. And it's more to honour their service and sacrifice. I'm Jeremy Blowers, I'm the executive director of the Canadian Tank Museum. It was founded in 1980, but in a different iteration, the Canadian Tank Museum we know today was actually founded only in 2024. It was known for many years as the Ontario Regiment Museum. But as the collection had grown, so had the scope and the stories that we were telling. Our collection has 163 pieces of actual military equipment. Over 150 of them are operational. That is one of the largest fleets of running military vehicles in the world.
从机械到数字:军事硬件的工业演进与技术跃迁
博物馆的藏品涵盖了军事硬件机械化(Mechanisation)的完整进程,从简单的吉普车、卡车、工程车,到装甲运兵车、步兵战车、二战时期的坦克,甚至包括现代战场上使用的先锋技术,有时甚至包含像福特T型车(Model T Ford)这样简单的设备。技术进步不仅体现在百年尺度上,即使在短短十年内也是惊人的。
随着现代数字技术(Digital Technology)与先进瞄准系统(Sighting Systems)的引入,藏品也在演变。例如,加拿大在战场上积累的经验直接推动了远程武器系统(Remote Weapons Systems, RWS)的发展,如具备先进光学成像能力的车辆系统。一名博物馆的成员曾分享,在阿富汗利用加拿大先进的光学装备,即便在夜间也能在三公里外清晰观察到蜘蛛横穿马路。
在工业生产方面,加拿大在二战期间展现了超越其实力的制造能力,生产了超过 80 万件军事装备供给本国及盟军。奥沙瓦(Oshawa)及达勒姆地区(Durham Region)因其铁路、航空基础设施、港口以及深厚的工业技术积累,长期以来一直是“汽车之城”和军事生产走廊。以 通用汽车福克斯 Mark 1(General Motors Fox Mark I,1943年产)为例,这款装甲侦察车不仅是当时生产能力的缩影,更是一件参与过意大利战役的“退伍老兵”,在时隔 80 年后的 2023 年被成功回迁至博物馆。
Original English Source
We have pieces of equipment that cover the entire mechanisation of military hardware. So everything from jeeps to trucks to engineering vehicles to armoured personnel carriers, infantry fighting vehicles, tanks from the Second World War to ones that are being used on battlefields today, advanced lab technology, sometimes even something simple, like a model T Ford. The technology advancements is incredible, not just within a span of 100 years, but even within a decade. Some of our older equipment is very mechanical. We're now starting to get machines into the museum that have digital technology, that have advanced sighting systems. The lessons learned that Canadians learned on the battlefield led to the lab three R, W s, or remote weapons systems. Nanook, where, you know, there was incredible advanced optics that were built into the vehicle. I had a veteran, a member of this museum tell me the story of, you know, using those Canadian optics at night in Afghanistan. And he was watching a spider cross the road with night vision three kilometres away. When things are retired out of militaries, they often go on auction. And private individuals, collectors around the world purchase them. And over time, we've been very lucky that people have donated them after they've restored them to the museum. Sometimes we get phone calls that there's an old ruined vehicle in a barn somewhere, and do we want it? We'll pick it up and over years we'll restore it. Also, we have benefactors, those who have served in the Canadian Armed Forces or support the Canadian Armed Forces, who see something in the world, and they have donated the funds so that our museum could, you know, purchase those vehicles and bring them here for Canadians to enjoy. We have the General Motors Fox Mark one built right here in Oshawa, Ontario, in 1943. As you can see, it's not a truck. It's an armoured reconnaissance vehicle proudly here with the the GM logo with the maple leaf. This is just one of seven that that remains of the over 1400 that were built during the war. What's more interesting is that this isn't just an example of a General Motors fox. This is a veteran that was produced in 43, sent overseas to serve in the Italian campaign. And exactly 80 years later, in 2023, it was repatriated to the Canadian Tank Museum. Thanks to a very generous donor from Toronto, it started primarily in the First World War. The Canadian Forces, at the beginning of mechanisation required simple things like trucks. We were replacing much of the horses and carriages that were pulling much of our equipment, so they went to civilian makers. So even here in Oshawa, like the McLaughlin Automotive company, they got contracts to sell some of their their vehicles to the Canadian Armed Forces. But in the Second World War, that's where Canada really punched above its weight and produced over 800,000 pieces of military equipment for both our forces and our allies. This has always been sort of a a military production corridor. So in Oshawa and Durham region, this really is a hub where we have rail, we have air infrastructure, we have ports, and we also have that industrial infrastructure and know how. This has been an auto town for over 100 years. And so not only do we have the workforce that's trained, we have the capacity, we have the industrial capacity to do exactly what we did in the 1940s and start building things for our military and for our allies. These are used by the Canadian Armed Forces. They are the basis of the United States Stryker fleet of vehicles.
人文连接与社会治疗:博物馆的当代影响
博物馆的受众在过去十年中发生了显著变化。从最初每年仅 1200 名主要是退伍军人或军属的参观者,到去年超过 20,000 人次,增长速度迅猛。这种变化反映了公众对于战争冲突、以及冲突背后所涉及的技术和设备日益增长的理解渴望。由于博物馆部分藏品(如比利时军队的 豹1 A5型坦克 Leopard 1 A5 和苏联 T-54 坦克)目前仍活跃在乌克兰冲突等现代战场上,这种历史与当下的直接关联使得博物馆成为人们连接历史与士兵的枢纽。
在运营模式上,博物馆仅拥有 4 名全职员工,主要依靠 208 名志愿者维持运作。其中约 50% 是加拿大武装部队或盟军的退伍军人,其余则是与军事历史或现役军人有渊源的军属。对于许多志愿者而言,博物馆不仅是传承历史的空间,更是服役后回归社会(Home after their service)的心理港湾。这种能继续与装备工作的过程对他们具有某种“治疗性”(Therapeutic)。游客们反馈中提到最多的并非坦克本身如何精良,而是在与志愿者或退伍军人交流过程中获得的独特体验,这种人与人之间的连接构成了该博物馆真正的核心价值。
Original English Source
The makeup of our visitors has been evolving over the last decade. When I was first involved here, we only had about 1200 visitors a year. Most of them were veterans or military families. We used to joke that we were Durham Region's best kept military secret. Nobody knew we were here. But that's been changing. We've seen our visitor numbers grow by up to 70% year over year. Last year, for the first time, we had over 20,000 visitors, which is not bad for a medium sized and growing museum. The collection and the museum itself is becoming more well known both within Canada and around the world, but also with the conflicts that we're seeing around the world, things that are on people's screens, on people's television screens, you know, people would like to to understand more about not only those conflicts, but have an interest in the technology and the equipment it touches home. When the vehicles in your collection are still being used in conflicts today. So, you know, our Belgian army leopard, one A5 and Soviet T-54. These machines are currently fighting in the Ukraine conflict. And so it's unfortunate people are coming here now. And something that was built in the 1950s is on the 21st century battlefield. Our museum is a place where people can connect not just with the history, but they can connect with soldiers. Thank you guys, for coming out to Oshawa and coming here to the Canadian Tank Museum. This is probably a record opener crowd. We only have a staff of four four full time staff. You know, we do have some part time retirees and students, obviously that supplement that. But this museum is run by volunteers. We have 208 volunteers on the books. About 50% of them are former serving members of the Canadian Armed Forces or our allied forces. The other 50%, most of them are military families with a connection both to to the history or to the Canadian Armed Forces directly through an ancestor or through a family member. Our oldest members are in their 80s, and our youngest members might be serving in a local cadet corps, and they're 16 years old, and they find here a home after their service and also got to still work with the equipment. It was sort of therapeutic to them. Our visitors say that to us all the time. Like our number one review is not so much about how great the tanks are, but about how their experience was. In speaking with the guide, the volunteer or the veteran who shared their experience with the visitor when they came.