童年竞赛与基准焦虑
大家好，我叫 Ken Ono。我是一名数学家。我在 Axiom Math 和弗吉尼亚大学工作，但在我的人生中，我大学时并不是个好学生。在五年级时，我们有一次数学竞赛 [music]，我得了第三名。现在看来，在五年级里拿第三名挺不错了，但我父亲是一位著名的数学家。他们来参加了比赛，而著名数学家的儿子在汉普顿小学 [music] 拿了第三名。在人生整整 50 年的时间里，我都以为自己彻底 [music] 失败了。但我提起这件事的原因是，今年一月份我父亲去世时，我们在清理他的遗物，在他本可以留下的所有东西中——它现在就放在一个壁橱里——正是那块来自我五年级竞赛的奖牌。
英文原文
Hi, my name is Ken Ono. I'm a mathematician. I work at Axiom Math and the University of Virginia, but in my life, I was not a good student in college. In fifth grade, we had a a math contest [music] and I got third. Now, third is pretty good out of a fifth grade, but my father was a famous mathematician. They came to the competition and son of famous mathematician gets third in Hampton Elementary [music] School. I thought for 50 years of my life that I had utterly [music] failed. But the reason I bring this up is that when my dad passed away in January, we were cleaning up his belongings and of all the things that he could have kept and it was just in a closet now was that plaque from my fifth grade contest.我想，“哇，我这一辈子都误解了那件事。”对他来说，保留一块我没有赢、只是拿了第三名的奖牌，其实是有意义的。我敢肯定，他所看到的是我想取得好成绩的心。我们生活在一个世界对基准赋予如此多关注的时代。这些 [music] AI 公司和最先进的大语言模型是如何在争夺这些疯狂的分数。大家对基准存在着大量的焦虑。[music]
英文原文
And I I thought, "Wow, I had misinterpreted that event my whole life." It actually meant something to him to keep a plaque where I didn't win, but I got third place. What he saw, I'm sure, was that I wanted to do well. We live at a time where the world places so much emphasis on benchmarks. how these [music] AI firms and the state-of-the-art large language models are competing for these crazy scores. There's a lot of anxiety over benchmarks. [music]但在评估智力时，我们真的相信智商得分更高的人就会更聪明吗？不，当然不是。这应该让人释怀，对吧？如果你必须达到别人设定的标准，那你不是在为自己而活。你没有肯定自己。我认为这是有害的，因为 [music] 你知道残酷的真相是什么吗？残酷的真相是，如果你不是勒布朗·詹姆斯，不是拉斐尔·纳达尔，或者不是诺贝尔奖得主科学家，现实就是你总能找到外貌比你好、能做到你做不到的事情的人，而那样你就没有允许自己去过本属于你的人生。允许自己过好自己的生活，这一点很重要。
英文原文
But when it comes to assessing intelligence, do we honestly believe that someone who gets a higher IQ score is somehow smarter? No, of course not. It should put people at ease, right? If you have to live up to the standards set by someone else, then you're not living for yourself. You're not giving yourself credit. I consider that toxic because [music] you know what the brutal truth is? The brutal truth is if you're not LeBron James or Raphael Nadal or a Nobel Prizewinning scientist, the reality is you will always be able to find someone that looks better, achieve something that you cannot do, and you're not then giving yourself permission to live the life that was meant for you. It's important to give yourself permission to live your life.AI 基准与数学家的危机感
几乎就在整整一年前，我和一群数学家受聘于一家名为 Epoch AI 的公司，去编写非常困难的数学题，用作最先进大语言模型的基准。我当时以为这钱很容易挣。我们拿到了报酬。但去年我发现编写其中一些题目非常困难。严格来说，模型确实会犯错，但当你研究它们的推理轨迹时，这些大语言模型发展到的高度令人不寒而栗。因此我认为，将其形容为一次身份认同危机是很恰当的。也许这有点像 19 世纪末的分成佃农或农民，面对第一台内燃机拖拉机，意识到自己作为佃农的工作可能没有未来了。下一步该做什么？数学家的下一步是什么？老实说，看到这些模型解决我研究规划中的问题，是相当具有打击性的。嗯，后来我逐渐意识到，技术一次又一次地帮助了人类。先是轮子的发明，后来是发动机的发明，然后是计算器和计算机，不知怎的，我们都适应了。
英文原文
Almost exactly one year ago, I was part of a group of mathematicians hired by a company called Epoch AI to write very difficult math problems that would serve as a benchmark for state-of-the-art large language models. And I thought it would be easy money. We were paid. But last year I found it very difficult to write some of these problems. Strictly speaking the models would make mistakes but when you studied the reasoning traces it was frightening how far these large language models have come. So I think the right way to describe it is well as an identity crisis. Maybe it was something like being the sharecropper, the farmer in the late 19th century who comes face to face with the first combustion engine tractor, recognizing that well maybe there's no future for my work as a sharecropper. What to do next? What's next for a mathematician? It was pretty devastating honestly seeing these models solve problems that were on my research program. Well, came to realize that technology has helped mankind over and over again. There was the invention of the wheel and later there was the invention of the engine and then calculators and computers and somehow we adapted.脑力劳动的自动化与科研的本质
当前这个特殊时刻令人惊讶的地方在于，过去的很多技术进步都是为了减轻体力劳动。电梯意味着你不需要爬那么多楼梯。拖拉机可以承担很多原本不应由人类来做的工作。现在的不同之处在于，这项工作是脑力的。那是关乎身份认同的东西。而我们现在处于什么阶段？我们现在正处于其中许多技能可以被自动化完成的节点。AI 公司正在谈论所谓的 selfplay。他们希望自己的 AI 系统能够自己与自己博弈。那么，这把我们置于何地？嗯，在数学领域，这很令人沮丧。如果说现在大学毕业拿到数学学士学位、或者正在读研究生的人，不为自己多年来努力学习一门手艺、学习一套如今任何会打字且能使用大语言模型的人都能掌握的知识体系而深感担忧，那将是不诚实的。所以，这个事实是无可回避的。
英文原文
What's surprising about this particular moment is that many of the techn technological advances were about lightning physical work. An elevator meant that you didn't have to climb all these stairs. Tractors can do a lot of work that humans shouldn't do. The difference now is the work is mental. That is the stuff of identities. And where are we now? We are now at a point where many of those skills can be done automatically. And AI companies are talking about what's called selfplay. They want their AI systems to play with themselves. And so where does that leave us? Well, mathematics, it's it is devastating. It would be dishonest to say that a student who's graduating from college now with a bachelor's degree in mathematics or who is in graduate school now isn't deeply worried about all the years of effort they put into learning a trade, learning a body of knowledge that now anybody who can type if they have access to a large language model. So there's no dancing around that fact.这极具颠覆性。当我是一名研究生和年轻的助理教授时，我会说自己最引以为傲的作品，是那些依赖于投入多年心血积累知识的作品。我能完成这篇论文，是因为几年前我学到了这个技巧，去年我又学到了那个技巧，然后就是这样了。我写出了这篇论文。我对这一点的看法已经改变了，我希望这里的观众能想一想这件事。对于我过去如何看待自己作为一名数学家，其实有一种相当空洞的东西，我直到最近才意识到。如果我作为数学家的成功，仅仅依赖于我学习技巧的能力，而这些技巧不知怎地能够拼凑在一起来证明定理，那么，也许那实际上是可以自动化的。也许我把所有那些艰苦的努力，误当成了某种可能并不恰当的东西。尽管掌握大量学术成果、许多论文以及研究生教材是如此艰难，但在一天结束时，将其视为一个自动化过程也许是有一定道理的。
英文原文
This is very disruptive. When I was a graduate student and a young assistant professor, I would have said that I was most proud of my works that depended on the accumulation of knowledge involving years of effort. I could solve this paper because a few years ago I learned this technique and last year I learned this technique and here we are. I've written this paper. My view has changed on that and I hope that the viewers here think about this. There's actually something quite hollow about how I viewed myself as a mathematician that I only recognized recently. If my success as a mathematician relied only on my ability to learn techniques that somehow could be put together to prove a theorem, well then maybe that was actually automatable. And maybe I mistook all of that hard effort for something maybe it wasn't right. As hard as it was to master bodies of work, many papers, graduate texts, maybe at the end of the day, there is some truth to that being an automated process.现在，千万别误会，那并不是我们在数学界以及大多数领域赖以谋生的本职。在我现在的工作中——这也是我对我们在 Axiom 借助 AI 所做事情的思考方式——它以多种方式提供支持。逃避的做法会是问：我能否提出一个我想要答案的有趣问题？但千万别误会，那并不是研究所指的。研究始于一个你可能无法回答的问题。你尝试去回答，并通过失败对那个猜想有了更多的了解，而你所做的工作照亮了一条道路，这条道路可能会揭示一长串问题，你逐一尝试攻克，最终你可能证明了一个定理，而如果你证明了那个定理，你会回溯并想，也许我原本能够证明前面那个之前回答不了的问题，对吧？这就是你学习的方式，这真的是众所周知的进两步退一步。当你认识到研究并不是提出一个问题然后得到一个答案时，你就会意识到 AI 工具正在降低你真正进行探索发现的门槛。
英文原文
Now, make no mistake, that's not what we do for a living in mathematics and in most fields. in my work now and this is how I think about what we do with AI at Axiom is supported in a number of ways. The the copout would be to say can I ask an interesting question that I want an answer to but make no mistake that's not what research is. Research begins with a question that you're probably not able to answer. You try to answer and by failing you learn a little bit more about that conjecture and the work that you do sheds light on a path that might reveal a long list of questions that you one by one try to attack and eventually you might prove a theorem and if you prove that theorem you backtrack and say maybe I could have proven this previous question I couldn't answer right this is how you learn it's it's really the proverbial two steps forward one back and when you recognize that research is not ask a question, you get an answer. You realize that the AI tools are lowering the burden for your ability to actually perform discovery.工具演进与未来的机遇
当你在做所有这些家庭作业时——当我自己作为一名大学生、一名研究生在做作业题时——我是在学习技巧。但我真的在发现吗？不。不过我所做的事情很重要。我当时在学习数学是如何连接在一起的，以帮助我成为一名能够提出这些问题并参与探索发现的数学家。因此我认为，对于想要墨守成规的学生和教员来说，这个过程正在发生改变。现实就是，在某些数学领域，他们将会被甩在后面。我们拥有的计算机可以在你睡觉时在一夜之间计算 2000 万个用例，而你、而你可能需要花费数年时间才能完成这 2000 万个用例，你必须做出决定，你是否愿意拥有随时可用的能力，让你抽身出来参与到探索发现的过程中，而这正是我们必须珍视的。所以这就是我认为科学将会变成的样子。
英文原文
When you were doing all of these homework problems, when I was doing homework problems as a college student, as a graduate student, I was learning techniques. But was I really discovering? No. What I was doing though was important. I was learning how mathematics fits together to help me become a mathematician who can ask these questions and participate in the discovery. So that process I think is is changing for students and faculty who want to stick to the traditional ways. Well, the reality is in some areas of mathematics, they will be left behind. We have computers that can compute 20 million cases overnight while you're sleeping and you and it might take you years to do those 20 million cases and you have to decide would you like to have that power at your disposal freeing you up to participate in the process of discovery and that's what we have to value. So that's what I think science is going to become.那么让我举一个具体的例子。今天开车的普通人，对于必须在他们能够真正上车驾驶之前实现的化学反应和工程进步，一无所知。汽车是一项了不起的发明，它需要攻克化学过程和工程挑战。所有这一切现在都可以供我们免费使用。但也许在亨利·福特制造他的第一辆车时，他必须解决所有这些问题：我该如何制作轮子？我今天用什么来做轮胎？而如今也许你只需要知道如何加油。那么，这很糟糕吗？不。因为想想人类现在能做的所有事情吧，因为他们可以非常快速地长途旅行。这为我们打开了怎样的空间。我认为那将是我们的未来。
英文原文
So let me give a concrete example. Typical person that drove a car today doesn't have the foggiest idea of chemical reactions and engineering advances that had to come to fruition before they could actually get in the car and drive. The automobile is an incredible invention and it requires mastering chemical processes and engineering challenges. All of that is is available to us now for free. But maybe when Henry Ford made his first car, he had to solve all of it. How do I make the wheel? What do I make tires out of today? Maybe you only need to know how to pump gas. Now, is that bad? No. Because think about all the things that mankind can do now because they can travel great distances very quickly. What that opens us up to. And I think that's going to be our future.现在这很美好吗？不。今年很可怕。如果你问我，我更愿意一觉醒来发现现在是 2017 年。鉴于那是我们的未来，我认为我们应该尽最大努力鼓励各个行业的人们——教师、家长、年轻学生——尽他们最大的努力做好准备，保持灵活，在机会出现时积极去把握。但我认为失去工作的严重程度远没有那么夸张。我希望事实依然如此。但这一直是
英文原文
Is that rosé now? No. This year is horrible. If you ask me, I I would rather wake up and have it be 2017. Given that that is our future, I think we should do our very best to encourage people of all professions, teachers, parents, young students to do their best to be prepared to be flexible to seek out those opportunities as they pop up. But I don't think the loss of of jobs is anywhere near as significant. And I hope that remains to be true. But this is really提问的价值与为人而活
……有时间非常仔细地思考教育，思考机遇，并且保持真正的人性。
那么，怎样才算是一个好问题？我想谈几点。首先，作为一名教师，我的本能反应是没有所谓糟糕的问题。当然，这也不全对。如果你发自内心想知道一个问题的答案，那它就是一个极好的问题。你绝不应该怀疑自己对某门课题的兴趣。对吧？但我认为那未必是你所问的，对不对？我大可以问，生命的意义是什么？一方面这是个宏大的问题，但另一方面它在某种程度上又是一个不可解的问题。另一个问题比如像：我不知道自己要做什么才能变富。我想变富，我该怎么做？嗯，这确实是个问题，但它是好问题吗？不。噢，我认为在很多层面上它都是个有缺陷的问题。首先，问题在于，好吧，我该怎么达成？所以，你需要把它拆解开，让问题变得也许是一项计划，一些可执行的事情，但它在某种程度上也挺空洞的。所以，那些没有以某种方式触及你的人性的问题，无论是“你为什么想变得更富有？”还是“你打算做些什么让世界变得更美好”，才会让那一思路变得更加丰满。
英文原文
the time to think very carefully about education, thinking about opportunities and being very human.
So what makes a good question? There's several things I want to say. The first thing as a as a teacher, my immediate response is there's no such thing as a bad question. Of course, that's not quite true. If you genuinely want to know the answer to a question, then that's a great question. You should never ever doubt your interest in a subject. Okay? But I don't think that's necessarily what you're asking, right? I could ask, what is the meaning of life? That's a great question on the one hand, but on other it's kind of an impossible question. Another question is like, I wonder what I have to do to be rich. I want to be rich. How do I do it? Well, that is a question, but is it a great question? No. Oh, I think it's a flawed question in many ways. First of all, the question is, well, how do I achieve that? So, you need to break that down so that a question becomes maybe a plan, something that's actionable, but it's also somewhat hollow. So, questions that don't speak to your humanity somehow, whether it's why do you want to be richer? What are you going to do to make the world a better place, makes that line of reasoning richer.
现在，作为一名科学家，你可能面临着一个你的兴趣所在、你的领域在乎的开放问题。也许你领域之外的人并不会那么在意。如果我把我日常思考的问题讲给你听，我会非常惊讶你竟然会有丝毫在意。但你知道，我不会把这当成针对我个人。我会先说：这是一个我深深在乎的数学问题。而且我期望你能够尊重这一点。如果你所处的处境需要去思考自己提出的问题是否有价值，我认为你应该停下来想一想，你是在为谁提问。如果你不是在为自己提问，那么，我要问你的问题就会是：好吧，那你究竟是在为谁而活？你是在过原本属于你的人生，还是在过一段你认为别人觉得该属于你的人生？那我接着要问你的问题就会是：为什么？
英文原文
Now as a scientist you might be facing an open problem that your interest in in your field cares. Maybe people outside your field might not care so much if I told you about the questions I think about on a daily basis. I'd be very surprised that you would care at all. But you know I wouldn't take that personally. I would start by saying here's a math problem that I deeply care about. And I would expect that you would respect that. If you're in a situation where you have to think about whether the question you're asking has value, I think you should pause and think about who you're asking the question for. If you're not asking a question for yourself, well, my question to you would be, well, then who are you living for? Are you living a life meant for you, or are you living a life that you think someone should be meant for you? And then my question for you would be, why?
超级智能与衡量的迷思
说实话，谈论超级智能会让我感到不适，因为它让我感到不安。某种东西堪称“超级”，意味着它优于其他事物。而我认为我们这里真正谈论的，是一个未来——说实话也是一个当下——在这个时代里，AI 作为一个协同助手（co-pilot），为我们提供与我们共存并为我们服务的工具。因此，说计算机可能具备超级智能，对我而言是一个怪异的想法，因为我绝不会拿我的汽车和人相比并称它超级快。对吧？显然相比于人，它确实超级快。嗯，对此我压根连一刻都不会去多想。减轻体力劳动的负担固然极好。我们真正担心超级智能的唯一原因，在于我们的身份认同中有太大一部分是建立在思考技能之上的。
英文原文
I'm not honestly comfortable talking about super intelligence because it puts me at unease. Something that is super, it means that it's better than others. And I think what we're really talking about here is a future and a present honestly where AI is a co-pilot gives us tools that we cohabitate with at our service. So to say that a computer could be super intelligent is a bizarre thought to me because I would never call my automobile super fast compared to people. Right? Obviously it's super fast compared to people. Well, I would I would have never even thought about it for a moment. Reducing the load in physical work is super. The only reason we're really worried about super intelligence is that so much of our identity is based on thinking skills.
大学时我参加过很多考试，临考突击，全力以赴去考个好成绩，结果却发现大概到了仲夏时节我就把那些事实全忘光了。是的，我确实从那个过程中学到了一些东西。但我学到的难道是那些我已经忘掉的信息吗？并不是。所以我们先别去谈什么是超级智能，因为我都不知道智能究竟是什么。但我确实非常清楚什么时候能看到成就。我们生活在一个全世界都极度强调基准测试（benchmarks）的时代。在体育运动中，我能理解。跑者 A 比跑者 B 跑得更快，他们就是更好的跑者。好吧，那是纯理论式的。但是当涉及到评估智能时，我们当真相信在智商测试中得分更高的人就更聪明吗？你真的相信在大学排名中排第五的学校真的比排第七的学校更好，结果转过年来却看到排名变了？现在你再想想，这些 AI 公司和顶尖的大语言模型是如何争相去角逐这些疯狂的分数，而我们所有人都深陷其中。这当中有任何一样是智能吗？不，当然不是。但如果有人写出了一首令你彻底为之折服的诗，如果有人解出了一道数学定理，即便是在 AI 的辅助下，它代表了人类此前从未见过的知识，那就是智能。那是超级智能吗？毫无疑问。
英文原文
Many of the exams I took in college that I crammed for, did my best to get a good grade in only to recognize I'd forgotten the facts maybe by the middle of summer. Yeah, I did learn something from that the process. But is what I learned the information that I'd forgotten? No. So let's not talk about what is super intelligence because I don't know what intelligence is. But I do know quite well when I see achievement. We live at a time where the world places so much emphasis on benchmarks. In sports, I get it. Runner A runs faster than runner B. They're a better runner. Okay, that's academic. But when it comes to assessing intelligence, do we honestly believe that someone who gets a higher IQ score is somehow smarter? Do you actually believe a school that might be ranked fifth in the college rankings is really better than a school that's ranked seventh only to turn around the next year to see that the rankings have changed? And now you think about how these AI firms and the state-of-the-art large language models are competing for these crazy scores and we're all caught up in that. Is any of that intelligence? No, of course not. But if somebody writes a poem that just knocks you off your feet. If someone solves a math theorem, even if it's with the help of AI that represents knowledge mankind had never seen before, that is intelligence. Is that super intelligence? Absolutely.
AI 的形式与形式化
在 AI 时代最容易犯的错误，就是混淆人们在谈论 AI 时所表达的含义。首先要理解 AI 有许多不同的形式，这一点很重要。如今大多数人接触到的 AI 形式是 ChatGPT，但请别误会，那仅仅是 AI 的一种形式。AI 利用机器学习技术进行超人类搜索的能力，是没有任何人会愿意去做的，对吧？约翰·江珀（John Jumper）和德米斯·哈萨比斯（Demis Hassabis）正是借此因解决蛋白质折叠问题而获得了诺贝尔化学奖。它就是更聪明，而且它是被加速的。
英文原文
The easiest way to make a mistake in the era of AI is to confuse what people are saying when they're talking about AI. It's important to first understand that AI comes in many different forms. The forms of AI that most people encounter these days would be the chat GPT, but make no mistake, that's only one form of AI. AI's ability to use machine learning techniques to conduct a superhuman search that no person would ever want to do. Right? This is how John Jumper and Dennis Hassus won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for solving protein folding. It's just smarter and it and it is accelerated.
而 AI 的第三部分，是我认为蕴含着巨大希望的地方。AI 的第三部分被称为形式化（formalization）。形式化的理念在于获取人类的自然语言，将其转化为计算机代码——这是对人类语言的一种增强或至少是精确的解释——然后让 AI 研究这些代码并寻找漏洞。这被称为可验证计算机代码。我们现在生活的时代，世界上编写和部署的巨量计算机代码并不是人类程序员的产物。这被称为氛围编程（vibe coding）。但请别误会，那些代码并不完美。因此，我们如今在形式化方面所处的领域，就是要削减那些低效之处。当我们开始讲授数学或计算机科学或任何已经被形式化的领域时，我们逐渐意识到，我们最初对这些学科的构建在某种程度上是不完整的。
英文原文
And the third part of AI is where I think there is so much hope. The third part of AI is called formalization. And the idea in formalization is to take human natural language, transform it into computer code, which is an enhanced or at least an exact interpretation of the human language and then have AI study this code and look for vulnerabilities. It's called verifiable computer code. We live at a time now where an enormous proportion of the computer code that's written and deployed in the world is not the stuff of human programmers. It's called vibe coding. But make no mistake, that code is not perfect. And so the space that we're in now in terms of formalization is to cut back on those inefficiencies. And when we start teaching mathematics or computer science or any field that has been formalized, we've come to learn that our original framing of these subjects was somehow incomplete.
我给你们举个例子。我们公司正与斯科特·科米纳斯（Scott Kominers）合作。他是哈佛大学一位非常杰出的经济学家，一位数理经济学家。在我们的工作中，正如我之前向你们描述的那样，我们正在形式化经济学中的数学理论。我们发现，该学科中的一些基础定理其实并没有被准确地描绘、实现或应用。
让我给你们举个例子。2026 年是诺贝尔奖得主罗伯特·奥曼（Robert Aumann）一个非常著名的定理诞生 50 周年。他最著名的定理之一，就是被称为“我们同意各自保留不同意见”（we agree to disagree）或“我们能否同意各自保留不同意见”的定理。这种现象是，如果你有不同的各方基于相同的共同先验知识进行观察并做出决策，或表明他们的偏好。这些各方有可能产生分歧吗？这成了现代流行用语的内容。你可能会和一个朋友发生争执，你们倾听彼此，也理解了对方的观点，最后十分释然地说：“好吧，我想我们只能同意各自保留不同意见了。”奥曼定理并不允许这种情况。不可能出现你可以同意各自保留不同意见。真正发生的是你实际上最终能理解对方的观点，那是一个非常重大的定理。
英文原文
So I'll give you an example. Our company is partnering with Scott Commoners. He's a very distinguished economist at Harvard, a mathematical economist. And in our work, we are formalizing, as I described for you before, mathematical theories in economics. And we've discovered that some of the foundational theorems in the subject weren't really accurately portrayed or implemented or applied. Let me give you an example. 2026 is the 50th anniversary of a very famous theorem by the Nobel laurate Robert Alman. And one of his most famous theorems is the theorem that's called we agree to disagree or can we agree to disagree where the phenomenon is if you have different parties observing and making decisions or indicating their preference preferences based on the same common prior knowledge. Is it possible for these parties to disagree? And this is the stuff of modern vernacular. You might get in an argument with a friend. you listen to each other and you understand each other's perspective and the end is quite satisfying to say well I guess we're just going to have to agree to disagree. Almond's theorem doesn't allow for that. It can't be that you can agree to disagree. What really happens is you can actually end up understanding each other's perspectives and that's a very big theorem.
然而，这里面有微妙之处，有前提假设。说拥有相同的先验究竟是什么意思？而那正是形式化介入的地方。这在数理经济学界已经变成了一个现象级的热点。世界各地的许多经济学家都在加入我们的行列，他们认识到，为了让经济学保持准确严谨，它应当被形式化。而且这正在跨学科发生。我们甚至在与计算机科学家合作，重新思考并形式化机器学习——而机器学习从一开始就是所有 AI 的底层基础。因此这就是我们的未来。
所以我说，AI 的机遇何在？也许我们担心工作的流失，但也存在着新的机遇。其一就是我们如何利用 AI 来最好地为其他形式的 AI 设立护栏？网络安全将需要大批计算机科学家，还有伦理学家，别怀疑，以及必须重新思考或设想这个新世界的律师，对吧？将会出现各种法律问题。而毫无疑问，对于那些投身并致力于形式化的 AI 专家来说，那个群体将会设立起确保我们安全的护栏。
大语言模型有点像最不可思议的图书管理员。一位通读了一切的图书管理员。但这并不意味着你想让你的图书管理员来做你的神经外科医生。在……
英文原文
However, there are subtleties, there are hypotheses. What does it mean to say you have the same priors? And that's where the formalization came in. And it's become kind of a viral moment in mathematical economics. Many economists from around the world are joining our effort recognizing that for the sake of getting economics right, it should be formalized. And this is happening across fields. We are even working with computer scientists rethinking and formalizing machine learning which underlies all of AI to begin with. And so this is our future. So I said, what are the opportunities for AI? Maybe we're worried about the loss of work, but there are new opportunities. One is how do we use AI to best guardrail the other forms of AI? Cyber security will need legions of computer scientists, also ethicists, make no mistake, and lawyers who have to rethink or imagine this new world, right? There going to be legal issues that come up. And certainly for the AI experts who are into and devoted to formalization, that group will be setting up the guard rails that will keep us safe. A large language model is something like the most incredible librarian. A librarian who's read everything. But that doesn't mean you want your librarian to be your neurosurgeon. In
形式化、人类判断与高风险决策
在非常高风险的情况下，你需要品味，需要人类的判断力。当然，在此之上，你还需要具备情商的人去理解决策如何影响他人。嗯，所有这些都可以成为形式化的一部分。我认为这是一个机遇。无论你是想帮助手术机器人做到精准，还是担忧保障互联网或金融网络的安全，任何在转译后能够被重写或在某种程度上受数学语言控制的系统，都应当被形式化。所以是的，我认为那是一个非常广阔的未来。对于刚步入大学和研究生院的学生们，如果你想成为一名数学家，那就开始做形式化吧。一路走来你或许仍会证明未解的猜想，但毫无疑问，现在是2026年、2027年，我认为现在争夺的不再是更多算力，真正争夺的应当是更多真理。而且我认为——我也希望我是对的——这将通过形式化来实现。
英文原文
very high stakes situations, you need taste. You need human judgment. And of course, on top of that, you need someone with the emotional intelligence to understand how decisions impact people. Well, all of those things can be part of formalization. And I think that's an opportunity. And whether you want to help robotic surgeons be accurate or whether you're worried about securing the internet or financial networks, any system that can be rewritten or is somehow controlled by mathematical language after translation should be formalized. So yeah, I think that's a very big future. And for students entering college and graduate school, if you want to be a mathematician, start formalizing. You may still prove unsolved conjectures along the way, but make no mistake, this is 2026, 2027, I don't believe now, is the race for more compute. It really should be the race for more truth. And I think that, and I hope I'm right, will be by means of formalization.当科学家说一个事实经过了形式化验证，这个陈述就是真的。无可辩驳。如果有错误，那是因为你没有把问题表述正确。那不是判断力，那是一个“是”或“否”的二元问题。判断力是指当人们得到这个信息时，选择如何去行动？我们有自主无人机在世界各地飞行，做着各种各样的事情。无论是在洛杉矶或首尔追踪交通，还是在战场上搜寻危险人物，所有这些情况都需要判断力。在其中的一些低风险情况下，嗯，你知道，也许在洛杉矶上空测量空气质量的无人机，那里的人类判断力可能没那么重要。但如果我们谈论的是否去针对一座城市，你如何知道你锁定的那栋建筑物里确实有危险人物，而不是一所学校或一家医院？实际上我认为，要区分出那些绝大多数理性人都不放心让AI做决定的极高风险情况，并不是非常困难。我认为在我们最关心的绝大多数高风险案例中，你都希望有人类参与其中。也许这并不容易。我们有无人驾驶的网约车服务，但人们挺喜欢它们。这些观点和看法会随时间而改变，但除了那些奇怪的情况之外，我认为何时需要人在现场是非常明确的。
英文原文
When a scientist says that a fact is formally verified, this statement is true. End of story. If there is a mistake, it's because you didn't frame the problem correctly. That's not judgment. That's a yes, no binary question. Judgment is how do people when given this information choose to act? We have autonomous drones flying all over the world doing all sorts of things. Whether it's keeping track of traffic in Los Angeles or Seoul or whether it's looking for dangerous people in fields of battle, all of those situations require judgment. In some of those low stakes situations, well, you know, maybe the drone that's measuring air quality above Los Angeles, maybe the human judgment there isn't so important. But if we're talking about whether or not to target a city, how do you know that a building that you're targeting actually has a dangerous person in it versus being a school or a hospital? And I don't actually think it's very difficult to distinguish situations that really are so high stakes that most rational people would not be comfortable with letting an AI decide. I think in most cases that we care about the most that are high stakes when you want a person involved. Maybe it's not that easy. We have ride share surfaces that are driverless, but people like them. These opinions in these viewpoints can change over time, but apart from those strange situations, I think it's very clear when you want a human in the room.勾选框系统与人的本质
我们生活在一个世界仅凭极少数据就做出判断、草率决断和仓促评估的时代。这太疯狂了。你去求职，很可能会把求职信和简历提交给一个自动化系统，该系统拥有一套算法，其中列有一堆你必须预先迎合的勾选框，好让你知道自己不会无缘无故在第一轮就被筛选淘汰。我们谁都不应该对此感到满意。放眼望去，我们采纳的处处都是一套我们被数字所取代的系统。我们被算法所追寻的东西所取代。而这话还是出自一个从事AI工作的人之口。我们怎么能对此感到满意？我的孩子们，他们27岁和30岁了。他们已经度过了开启职业生涯最关键的阶段。但他们当时就明白。而且如果我说在他们申请大学时我们没那样做，那我就是在对你撒谎。我自己就是一名大学教授，我知道大学招生委员会将会寻找这10样东西。一定要确保你勾选了那些框，但同时仍要对自己所热衷的事情保持绝对真诚。
英文原文
We live at a time where the world makes judgments, snap decisions, snap evaluations on very little data. It's crazy. you apply for a job, you're probably going to submit your cover letter and your CV or resume to an automated system that has an algorithm that has a bunch of check boxes that you have to predict so that you know that you're not sd in the first round for no good reason. None of us should be happy with that. Everywhere you look, we have adopted a system where we are replaced by numbers. we are replaced by what an algorithm seeks. And this is coming from someone who works in AI. How can any of us be happy with that? My children, they're 27 and 30. They're beyond the most critical phases of getting their career started. But they knew. And I'll be lying to you if I didn't say when they were applying to colleges. As a university professor myself, I knew a university college admissions committee is going to be looking for these 10 things. Make sure you check those boxes, but then still be absolutely genuine about what you're passionate about.是的，如果我说我们没有那样做，那我就是在撒谎。但让我们停下来想一想这一切意味着什么。因为如果我们百分之百接受那一套，那你就是在忘记一个人的品格质量是至关重要的。你就是在忘记人类判断力与成就的质量是至关重要的。你是在说，真正重要的只是你能不能勾选每一个框，并去揣摩那些框都是些什么。很抱歉，如果你想找到攻克癌症的方法，那绝不会是一堆勾选框。如果是的话，我们早就找到治愈癌症的方法了。那么问题就变成了，如果我们生活在一个社会中、一个社区里，我们在其中如此死板，仅仅是因为计算机时代允许我们这样做。在我刚起步的时候，你找工作，可能会亲自去一家公司递交简历，与企业主握手，尝试建立那种人与人之间的接触。现在谁还那样做？你多半是把简历和求职信上传到一个网站上，你甚至可能会申请大概500份工作。我是说，这当中还有哪怕一点人情味吗？
英文原文
Yeah, I would be lying if I didn't say we didn't do that. But let's pause and think about what all of that means. Because if we buy into that 100%, then you're forgetting that the quality of someone's character matters. You're forgetting that the quality of human judgment and achievement matters. You're saying that what matters is can you check every box and imagine what those boxes are. And I'm sorry if you want to find the cure for cancer, it's not going to be a bunch of check boxes. If it was, we would have already found the cure for cancer. So the question then becomes, if we live in a society, in a community where we are so rigid because the computer age allows us to. When I was starting out, you would look for a job. You might actually go to a company and drop off your CV and resume and shake the hand of a business owner and try to make that human contact. Who does that now? You probably upload your your resume and cover letter to a website and you might even apply to like 500 jobs. I mean, what what's human in any of that?我对未来的梦想包含很多方面。其一，我愿意付出一切去抗争这种现状，让我们能够发起一场运动，在其中我们可以慢下来，真正根据人们的本真、他们的出身背景、他们的个人经历、他们的品格品质以及他们如何与他人互动来评价他们。那该有多棒。那么，我是如何有幸发掘出我的一些最优秀的学生——那些也许其他学校永远不会给机会的学生的？他们是离群值。我曾有一位研究生，名叫罗伯特·施奈德（Robert Schneider）。他其实曾是——现在依然是——一位著名的独立摇滚艺术家。他是中性牛奶饭店（Neutral Milk Hotel）乐队的制作人，也是立体声苹果（Apples in Stereo）乐队的主唱。他有着一段极其迷人的故事。他热爱器材。巡回演出时，他喜欢用那些老旧的麦克风——老式固态麦克风和音箱来表演。但因为设备陈旧，经常损坏需要修理。修理费用变得如此高昂，以至于他决定自己开始学习电子学。
英文原文
My dream for the future has many pieces to it. one, what I would give to fight against that so that we could start a movement where we could slow down and really evaluate people for who they are, where they've come from, what their personal experiences are, the quality of their character, and how they interact with others. That would be awesome. Now, how have I been lucky enough to identify some of my best students, the ones that maybe other schools wouldn't have never taken a chance on? They were the outliers. I had a graduate student, his name was Robert Schneider. He was actually and still is a famous independent rock artist. He was um producer for a band called Neutral Milk Hotel and lead singer for a band called Apples and Stereo. And he had the most fascinating story. He loved equipment. He loved to perform with these old microphones, solidstate old microphones and speakers when they went on tour. But because they were old, they were constantly breaking and they needed to be repaired. And it became so expensive repairing them that he decided that he was going to start learning electronics.于是他买了一本书，他在书中看到的第一道公式就是欧姆定律。他在我第一次见他时对我说了这番话，那是件极其不可思议的事。他此前决定重返校园。他原本是个大学辍学生。他停止了巡演，走进大学，拿到了数学学位，并一路走进了我的办公室。这就引出了我刚才向你描述的一切。当时他说，当他看到欧姆定律时，那让他停下来思考：我在创作和演唱音乐时，我究竟在产出什么？电路充斥着我的大脑。那是创作的部分。我不知怎地把音乐写在纸上，然后用我的吉他演奏出来，被麦克风拾取，再重新传入我的大脑。而所有这一切，都由一个叫做欧姆定律的方程所调节。我想弄明白生理机制是如何运作的？那个方程是如何运作的？世界是如何运转的？三个小时后，我说：你知道吗，你必须做我的学生，因为你让我重新思考了自己对数学方程的所有认知，我本以为自己懂得人们如何在数学中寻找灵感。我从未想过自己会听到那样的故事。
英文原文
So he bought a book and the first formula he saw in this book was Oh Law and he said to me the first time I met him and it was the craziest thing. He had decided to go back to school. He was a college dropout. He stopped touring. He went to college, got his math degree, and found his way into my office. And it begins what I what I just described to you. And when he said when I saw M's law, it made me stop and think about what is it that I am producing when I'm writing and singing music. Electrical circuits populate my brain. That's a creative part. I somehow write down the music on paper and then I perform it on my guitar to be picked up by the microphone to go back into my brain. And all of this was modulated by an equation called Ohm's law. And I wanted to figure out how does the biology work? How does that equation work? How does the world work? 3 hours later, I said, you know, you have to be my student because you made me rethink everything I thought about mathematical equations, thinking that I knew how you could find inspiration in math. I never thought I would have found that story.所以从罗伯特，到我可以向你讲述的其他一些学生。我为我的所有学生感到骄傲。我带过35名博士生。但如果我们逐一细说，我可以为你讲出每一个人的故事。他的故事只是格外富有色彩。而在整个培养过程中我所喜欢的，是当他们完成研究生学位或者完成本科学位论文时，都会迎来一个重大时刻，无可否认。当它发生时你自然会知道。对于研究生而言更是如此，届时你可以看着那个学生说：你知道吗，你现在就像一位教授了；而他们回望着你，完全明白你的意思。这并不是因为他们勾选了某个框，或者他们完成了在某种程度上已经变得无关紧要的学位论文。而是关于那另一部分。所以回答你的问题，我是如何识别出那一品质的？这又绕回到了我早先所说的话。我们绝不缺少那些错误地认为——这并不是他们的错——错误地认为成功之路就是上对的学校、拿对的分数、找——你知道——拿到对的学位，然后一切好事都会降临到自己身上的学生。那是对待自己人生的浑浑噩噩的方式。那其实并不是允许自己去过本属于你的人生。那只是在说“我正在遵循一份我们认为会非常成功、而且成功几率极高的既定配方”。这是我们的责任。这是大学的责任。这是我们做父母的责任。这是因为我们认定了存在能够衡量你是否成功的基准指标。去排名前
英文原文
So from Robert to some some of the other students that I could tell you about. I'm proud of all of my students. I've had 35 PhD students. But if if we were to go through them one by one, I could tell you a story. His is just particularly colorful. And what I like about the process is when they finish their graduate degrees or when they finish their undergraduate thesis, there's a huge moment, undeniable. You know it when it happens. And this is particular for graduate students when you can look at the student and say, you know, you're like a professor now and they look back at you and they know exactly what you mean. And it's not because they checked some box, they fulfilled their thesis that has somehow become irrelevant. It's the other part. So to answer your question, how do I recognize that? It circles back to what I was saying earlier. We have no shortage of students who mistakenly think, and it's not their fault, who mistakenly think that the path to success is you go to the right schools, you get the right grades, you find, you know, you get the right degree and all good things will happen to you. That's a mindless way of going about one's life. It's not actually giving yourself permission to live the life that was meant for you. It's just saying I'm following a recipe that we think will be very successful and the odds of success are very high. That's on us. That's on the universities. That's on us, the parents. That's because we have decided that there are benchmarks that will evaluate whether you're successful. Go to the number前五名的学校，而不是排第10的。拿到最好的考试成绩。做完所有那些事。我们没有在真正该给予认可的地方给予足够的认可。而且我们把太多的重心放在所有这些别的事情上，以至于我们现在正在为此付出代价，我们必须立刻纠正这一点。我不知道这是否存有争议，但我认为全都是事实。
英文原文
five school instead of the number 10. Get the best test scores. Do all of that. We haven't given enough credit where credit should be due. And we place so much emphasis on all of this other stuff that we're now paying for it and we have to fix that right away. I don't know if this is controversial, but I think that's all true.人工智能与真实生活
我知道你在说什么。我在一家人工智能公司工作，过去这一年里我和AI模型打交道。我研究它们。我太太会说：“肯，你肯定跟这些模型谈上恋爱了。”我觉得她说得也没错。有时候，当这些模型开始像你一样思考时，确实挺让人有满足感的，因为它们会学习。
英文原文
I know what you're talking about. I work at an AI company and for the last year I work with AI models. I study them. My wife will say, "Ken, you must have a relationship with these models." And I don't think she is wrong. It's sometimes quite satisfying when the models start thinking like you do because they learn.但我也认为，如果不加以照料，负责管理的人不留意它的使用方式，它可能会变成一场灾难。你想和你的AI一起去旅行吗？“嘿ChatGPT，我们到了。我在罗马。你晚餐想喝点什么酒？”那不是在生活。我昨天坐出租车从仁川机场到江南区的酒店，交通糟透了。星期一四点钟，你可以在一个街区被堵上10分钟。
英文原文
But I also believe that if it's not cared for and those in charge aren't mindful of its use, it could be a train wreck. Do you want to take a trip with your AI? Hey chat GPT, here we are. I'm in Rome. What kind of wine would you like with dinner? That's not living. I was in the taxi cab from Inchan airport to the my hotel in Gangman yesterday and the traffic was horrible. Monday four o'clock you can sit for 10 minutes at a at a block.于是我做了一个小实验。我开始数走过去的人里，有多少人手里像这样拿着手机。结果江南街头走着的人里，大概有70%左右——可能都是下班回家的人——都像这样盯着手机看。这太不正常了。想想看，就因为你以为自己的世界就是从那个小屏幕里衍生出来的，你错过了多少机会。你可能正在错过结识一位新挚友的机会。
英文原文
So I did a little experiment. I started counting the people walk by with their phones in their hands like this. And it was something like 70% of the folks here in gangmen walking on the street probably going home from work were looking at their phones like this. That's messed up. Think about all the opportunities that you are missing because you think your world evolves from that little screen. You might be missing the opportunity to make a new best friend.如果你发现自己和一个聊天机器人打交道时，就好像它真是一个活人一样，停下来。把它放下。去长途散散步。让自己置身于能看到美丽或发人深省之物的地方。去做点能提醒你一件事的事情：在AI出现之前的那个世界，比起拥有AI的这个世界，历史要漫长得多。
英文原文
If you find yourself engaging with a chatbot as if it was really a person, stop. Put it down. Go for a long walk. Put yourself in a position where you see something beautiful or provocative. do something that reminds you that the world before AI has a much longer history than the world with AI.作为一个58岁的数学家，我希望在有生之年看到一些问题得到解答。我们现在已经开始看到这种情况发生了。有一些著名的例子。OpenAI几周前宣布证明了一个名为“埃尔德什单位距离猜想”的定理，这是一个我认为在我有生之年绝不可能被解开的问题。事后来看——意思是当你回头去看这是如何实现的时候——事实是，它是通过一点点人类合作实现的：OpenAI的数学家利用他们的系统。但我认为，除非你拥有一群来自不同领域的非凡专家不知怎的聚到了一起，否则单凭人类是无法解决它的。我不认为这是一个人的能力所能企及的，而我认为这就代表了AI所具备的部分优势和潜力。试想科学领域中所有那些你想得到解决的难题，也许全人类积累的智慧能够解开它们，但你什么时候才有可能把合适的人全聚在一间屋子里来讨论它呢？
英文原文
As a 58-year-old mathematician, I want to see some questions answered in my lifetime. We're already beginning to see that happen. There are famous examples. OpenAI a few weeks ago announced a proof of a theorem called the airish unit distance conjecture which is a problem I thought was never going to be solved in my lifetime and post hawk meaning when you go back and look at how this was achieved the truth is it was achieved by a little bit of human collaboration the mathematicians at open AAI with their system but I don't think it could have been solved by people alone unless you had a remarkable collection of experts from different fields who somehow came together. I don't think this would have been the stuff of one person and that I think represents some of the strength and possibility in AI where think about all the things in science that you would like to have solved and maybe the accumulated wisdom of mankind can solve it but when would you ever be in a position to put the right people together in a room to discuss it.所以，AI所提供和承诺的，就是不知疲倦地调取全人类积累的知识，并且它降低了解开这些难题的门槛。那么，其中的某些想法和解决方案，是否超出了人类以往所提出过的范畴？这大概是最具争议的一点。许多人会争辩说，是的，AI将会提出想法，提出人们以前从未想到过的、真正崭新的想法。我不知道自己是否相信这一点。我确实相信AI计算机系统可以完成超越人类以往规模的计算，可以在人类无法做到的不同科学领域中发现规律，但这些想法不知怎的其实早已存在了。人们是一直在提出新想法吗？毕加索作品里的那种艺术构思，祝你好运能在毕加索之前找到任何痕迹。我认为AI有能力提出那样的新想法吗？我不知道。
英文原文
So what AI offers and promise is the access to the accumulation of human knowledge. tirelessly and it lowers the bar for solving these problems. Is it the case that some of the ideas and solutions are beyond what humans have ever come up with? And this is probably the most provocative point. There are many who will argue that yeah, AI is going to come up with ideas, genuinely new ideas that people have never thought of before. I don't know that I believe that. I do believe that AI computer systems can compute more than people have ever done before. Can find patterns in different areas of science that humans are unable to do, but the ideas are somehow already there. Do people come up with new ideas all the time? The artwork that you find in Picasso, good luck finding evidence of that before Picasso. Do I think AI has that ability to come up with those new ideas? I don't know.我希望它有吗？天哪，我希望永远别有。
英文原文
Do I hope it does? God, I hope never.摆脱盲目比较，活出自己的人生
你刚才所说的话里让我担忧的，是这种总想把自己当下的个人处境与他人做比较的需要。那听起来太可怕了。如果你不得不活在别人设定的标准之下，那么你根本就不是在为自己而活，你没有给自己以认可。无论促使一个人不断去和别人比较的压力[嗤鼻]是什么，我都认为那是有害的。因为你知道残酷的真相是什么吗？残酷的真相就是，如果你不是勒布朗·詹姆斯，也不是诺贝尔奖得主科学家，现实就是你永远都能找到一个看起来更出众、能做到你做不到的事的人，这样你就不肯允许自己去过本属于你的人生。
英文原文
What worries me about what you just said is this need to compare your personal situation now with others. That sounds horrible. If you have to live up to the standards set by someone else, then you're not living for yourself. you're not giving yourself credit. Whatever pressures [snorts] someone may feel that inspires them to constantly be comparing themselves to others, I consider that toxic. Because you know what the brutal truth is? The brutal truth is if you're not LeBron James or a Nobel Prize-winning scientist, the reality is you will always be able to find someone that looks better, achieve something that you cannot do, and you're not then giving yourself permission to live the life that was meant for you.在我的生活里，我大学时不是个好学生。五年级时，我们办了一场数学竞赛，我得了第三名。在五年级里拿第三名其实挺不错的，但你大概会以为，卡诺诺后来成了一位著名的数学家，他当时肯定轻松夺冠了吧。不，我拿了第三名。实际上，当我五年级拿到第三名时，我以为自己让父母失望了。我父亲是一位著名的数学家。他们来参加了比赛，结果著名数学家的儿子在汉普顿小学只拿了第三名。在开车回家的路上，那是那种决定人生的时刻之一。车里一片死寂。我妈妈没提这事，我爸爸也没提这事。我人生中有50年的时间都认为自己彻底失败了。
英文原文
In my life, I was not a good student in college. In fifth grade, we had a a math contest and I got third. Now, third is pretty good out of a fifth grade, but you probably would have thought Canono was a famous mathematician. He probably won easily. No, I got third. In fact, when I was in fifth grade and I got third, I thought I let my parents down. My father was a famous mathematician. They came to the competition and son of famous mathematician gets third in Hampton Elementary School. And this is one of those defining moments on the drive home. It was just silence. My mom didn't talk about it. My dad didn't talk about it. I thought for 50 years of my life that I had utterly failed.当然，这段经历倒也没有沉重到让我在几十年、几十年、几十年里一直去纠结它，但正是在诸如此类的时刻里，我和你一样，担心自己在别人面前到底算什么水平。但我之所以提起这件事，是因为我父亲一月份去世时，我们在清理他的遗物。剩的东西非常少，因为他们当时已经搬进了佛罗里达的一间很小的公寓里——我父母，我们刚给他们搬完家。而在所有他本可以留下的东西当中——它当时就放在一个壁橱里——居然是我五年级竞赛得来的那块奖牌。
英文原文
Now, it's not true that this experience weighed on me so much that I thought about it for for decades and decades and decades, but it was instances like that where like you, I was worried about how I would stack up with others. But the reason I bring this up is that when my dad passed away in January, we were cleaning up his belongings. There was very little left because they had already downsized to very small apartment in Florida where my parents, we had just moved them. And of all the things that he could have kept, and it was just in a closet now, was that plaque from my fifth grade contest.我当时心想：“哇，我这辈子全都误解了那件事。”对于他来说，保留一块我并没有赢、只是得了第三名的奖牌，其实是有意义的。尽管他已经去世了，我永远也无法向他求证，但他显然看到了别的东西。我很确信，他所看到的，是我想把事情做好的心。所以，我希望这能给任何有这种想法的人一个启示，因为我也曾那样想过。如果你把自己放在总是与别人比较的位置上，你可能实际上并不对，你甚至可能完全错了。因此，你必须允许自己去过本属于你的人生。
英文原文
And I I thought, "Wow, I had misinterpreted that event my whole life." It actually meant something to him to keep a plaque where I didn't win, but I got third place. And although he had passed away, I could never ask him about it. It's obvious he saw something else. What he saw, I'm sure, was that I wanted to do well. So, I hope that's a lesson for anyone who thinks this way because I thought that way. And if you put yourself in a position where you're always comparing with others, you might not actually be right and you might actually be completely wrong. So you have to give yourself permission to the life that was meant for you.这话听起来可能有点压抑，但总有一天你也会躺在临终的病床上。你可能只剩下几天的生命。有人可能会问你一些问题：你最深的五个遗憾是什么？这总是会被提起。我不是凭空编造的，各位。当然，等你到了我这个年纪，你就会开始置身于这类谈话之中。我认为排在第一位的遗憾是：我希望我曾有机会去过本属于我的人生。我希望我能够和那些失去联络的朋友们保持密切联系。
英文原文
And this might be morbid, but one day you will be on your deathbed. You may only have a few days left. And someone might ask you some questions. What are your five deepest regrets? And this comes up all the time. I'm not making this up. people. Certainly when you get to my age, you start being around these kinds of conversations. And I think the number one regret is I wish I had the chance to live the life that was meant for me. I wish I was able to keep in close contact with the friends that I lost touch with.所以试着去想象那四五个愿望会是什么。在你现在的年纪，尽你最大的努力去意识到，你绝不希望那些成为你的遗憾。你常常需要一些灵感，你常常需要一个富有创意的想法。因此，鼓励学生、鼓励所有人去对他们所生活的世界抱有好奇，就是在允许人们那样去思考。要是人人都去思考自己的天赋所在，都允许自己富有创造力，世界难道不会变得美好得多吗？世界难道不会看起来有趣得多吗，而不是“好吧，我应该做这个，或者我应该做那个，所以我就去做”。因此，我希望这能给大家带来一些思考。
英文原文
So try to imagine what those four or five wishes are. And at your age, do your very best to recognize that you don't want those to be your regrets. You need some inspiration often. You need a creative idea often. And so encouraging students, encouraging all people to wonder about the world that they live in is one giving permission to think that way. And wouldn't the world be a much better place if everyone thought about what their talents are, gave themselves permission to be creative? Wouldn't the world look a lot more interesting instead of yeah, I'm supposed to do this or I'm supposed to do that, so I I do it. So, I hope that is food for thought.我想我今天已经说了好几次：允许自己去过好自己的人生，这非常重要。当然，这并不意味着对所有可能有助于你取得成功的信号置若罔闻。那不是——我们并不想变得愚昧无知。但是，允许自己去过本属于你的人生，同样也是允许自己去找到你的热爱。而那种热爱可能并不是什么大众流行的事情。但如果你找到了它，你就能从中汲取力量。我是一个在马里兰州巴尔的摩一个非常白人的郊区长大的日本小孩，在那个时代当日本人可不是什么好事。我穿……
英文原文
I think I've said several times today that it's important to give yourself permission to live your life. Now, that doesn't mean ignore all the signals of what might help you be successful. That's not we don't want to be ignorant. But giving yourself permission to lead the life that was meant for yourself also is giving yourself permission to find your passion. And that passion might be something that isn't popular. But if you find it, you can draw strength from it. I'm a Japanese kid that grew up in a very white suburb of Baltimore, Maryland at a time when it wasn't good to be Japanese. I wore眼镜。我曾是“四眼仔”。但这赋予了我力量。尽管那很艰难——作为全白人学校里仅有的亚裔孩子之一，显得格格不入——但我最终从中汲取了力量。这并不容易，可能花了我十年时间才克服。但无论外界强加怎样的心魔——无论是来自人工智能、文化，还是家庭与朋友——它们并不一定非得存在。而且坦白讲，这次对话的启示在于，对于周围的世界，你能做的事情微乎其微。那么，你该如何选择属于你的人生？保持灵活，拥抱并追逐那些看似为你注定的机遇。