Oliver Shu: Welcome to part three of our 2026 big idea series. Oliver Shu explores how autonomous labs and AI are revolutionizing scientific discovery and changing how we conduct research and accelerate breakthroughs. Brian Kim reveals how AI is evolving beyond mere productivity tools to become the connective tissue and consumer applications, transforming how we interact and engage. And David Haber discusses how AI is reinforcing business models, creating compounding advantages that separate leaders from followers.

My name is Oliver Shu. I'm a partner on the American Dynism team here at A16Z. And my big idea is that advances in AI reasoning capabilities and in robot learning will help accelerate scientific progress by moving us closer towards autonomous labs. Laboratory automation is something that's existed for a long time. Like that is not new. This idea of having robots that you can pre-program to assist in some of the motions involved in a lab. What is new and what is emerging right now is the combination of reasoning capabilities um and experiment planning and uh the physical element of lab automation. So

what that might look like in the near term is collaboration between a scientist and a system that involves both an AI application and a robot. Um and having that be a much more collaborative process uh in the near term in many different kinds of labs and many different kinds of scientific processes whether that's in the life sciences in the chemicals industry in the material science uh research sphere uh and so on and so forth. One of the

things that I think is important in the near term though is around interpretability. So, you know, if you think about AI systems as non-deterministic computers, one of the things that really matters for research is you want to really understand why the system is doing what it's doing, why it's planning on uh iterating on an experiment in a given way, why it's

planning on doing this particular thing. And I think uh you know systems that are purpose-built for scientific research are probably going to focus a lot on that on the interpretability on recording what exactly is is uh is happening throughout each step of the process as it collaborates with a human scientist. I think this concept of fully self-driving science, right, like a a closed loop where you have AI that iterates on itself and then carries out an experiment, then continues to to to iterate without human intervention. I think this is further out. This is what

I would consider the destination uh for this idea of of autonomous science. I think where we are right now is that there's a lot of work being done uh to form the foundations of autonomous science and there uh if you consider science as you know broadly speaking some combination of theory of computation and of experimentation there's work being done in the AI ecosystem across areas like mathematical reasoning uh physical reasoning simulation and world models and robot learning and all of these things

eventually as these capabilities improve can be applied to uh closing this loop. But progress across all these fields is of course uneven and you kind of have to wait for the capabilities to get to the point where um they're ready to be applied to this close this closed loop and I think that's the destination and in the near term incrementally we'll make progress on you know lab automation on the reasoning pieces of this um but uh ultimately the final destination I

think would be around this idea of a of of a self-driving lab or of autonomous science part of this is going to be driven by the market dynamic uh in which the research is conducted. So I think there are certain categories of science where there is just a much more mature uh demand side market for the outputs of research and examples include of course life sciences and pharma um the chemicals industry um facets of the uh material science industry. I think these are areas where there is a ready uh and willing buyer for a lot of the outputs of this research and the uh this the increase in speed and capability uh as well as any cost advantage that might um that might occur. All of these things are going to matter more to uh for markets where there is a well-established buyer of of of research output. And so I think the

where you see autonomous labs and autonomous science being adopted first is probably more of a function of the market that um that that that it's operating in. I think periodic labs is a great example of uh of a team taking a swing um at uh at autonomous science. I think you know when you look at the early stage startup landscape there's companies like Medra that are focused on the life sciences and uh pharma market. There's companies like uh Chemifi and Yona Labs that are focused on the uh on on the chemistry industry. Um and then there's zooming out a bit there's collaborations between government and industry that are really focused on this intersection of AI and science. uh you know there is the genesis mission led by the department of energy uh that brings together you know academia, government and the national labs as well as uh leading AI companies uh to pursue AIdriven science. I think just today

DeepMind announced a partnership with the UK government um to collaborate on areas of scientific discovery. So I think there's, you know, there's startups that are working on lab automation. There's startups that are working on building an AI scientist and that work is happening against the backdrop of a broader collaboration between both the public sector and the private sector in academia to really accelerate AIdriven scientific discovery.

Hi, I'm Brian Kim. I'm a partner at A16Z's AI applications investing team. 2026 marks the year where major consumer AI application products shift from productivity, helping you work to connectivity, helping you stay connected. Instead of helping you just do work, AI allows you to see yourself clearly and help build relationship with people you love. AI has been incredibly useful for productivity. And I think

we'll we'll start seeing AI actually take more mind share and time from traditional products versus AI productivity tools. There will be folks who use it to really augment and actually get that connection that they feel that they need from others digitally. I think there will be a group of people who really use AI to facilitate their existing relationships in person. We're all social animals and

I believe AI has a real place in helping us stay connected with others and help us feel like we're seen by others. Can startups compete with the large incumbent platforms? The incumbents have the platform, they have the network. AI brings a net new user interaction that may be difficult to replicate and may not natively live in the platforms of

the product. And in so far as there are net new user interaction models, in so far as there's net new creative outlets and atomic units that look different from what's available in current platforms, my strong belief is that startups can absolutely win. Increasingly, we're sharing so much more of our inner life with AI. What I get really excited about is people's willingness to share is deepening with AI. What happens when I'm okay with my AI coming to your AI, my guy talking to your guy and say, "Look, have you checked in on him? Do you want to talk about ABC?" I think those would be an

opener for net new relationship, net new conversations that we wouldn't have otherwise. And I'm very excited for AI to actually finally help people be seen by others. The mantra in consumer products is look always try to actually address the core emotion. The core emotion again here is wanting to be seen, wanting to feel connected to

others. And in order for the first step to happen, I think it's it's helpful for the AI product to be able to understand who you are. So then the question is what would be the best mechanism for a product to understand you quickly without you narrating your life story. Perhaps it's ingestion of your digital footprint. Perhaps it's ingestion of some of the things that you talked about online or offline. Perhaps it's looking through your photo roll. With artificial intelligence or Gen AI, we have a net new wave of companies that really help you do work better, think better, and get information easier. We have been blessed by an incredible revolution in AI today. What I get really excited about is what is the next steps and what can be done. I get very excited to think about the next suite of products that would start addressing and helping people feel like they're being seen by others.

Hey, I'm David Haver, general partner here at A16C and I help co-lead the AI apps fund. My big idea for 2026 is looking for companies where AI reinforces the business model. You know, I think there's a lot of narrative around AI helping automate work and reducing cost. But I think in instances where AI is actually reinforcing the business model in driving revenue, there's really no limit to the amount that customers may want to adopt that technology. And so the market pull in examples like that are just, you know, so much stronger than than those where it's just a cost reduction story. I sit

on the board of a company called EVE, which operates in the plaintiff law space. And what's unique about plaintiff law is that those attorneys don't charge by the hour. They operate on a contingency basis, which which means that they only get paid if they win. And so again, while AI is helping automate a lot of the drafting and reasoning work that they do, ultimately it's it's really about enabling them to take on more clients and make more money. So it doesn't erode, you know, the billable hour. It really reinforces their business model. And as a result, the

market pull for Eve's kind of AI workspace has just been tremendous. Another example in our portfolio is a company called Salient which operates in the uh loan servicing space. So they're applying voice agents to they started in uh auto lending but they've expanded to a whole ecosystem of kind of consumer lending products where you know a voice agent can speak in 50 languages fully compliantly track UDAP do welcome calls and payment reminders and obviously you know there is a cost reduction story in that right it is helping drive efficiencies in many of these bank and non-bank lenders who have large call centers but I think what's what they found which is so remarkable is that the voice agents are actually driving better collection rates, right? So, it's not just a cost reduction story. It's actually delivering, you know, better outcomes, you know, for their end customers. And as a result, um, it's reinforcing, you know, the lender

business model. Ultimately, where did the sources of compounding competitive advantage, you know, reside in in AI applications and I think Eve is a really, uh, unique kind of example and case study for this. You know, ultimately the founders of Eve had a vision for, you know, owning the kind of endto-end workflow from intake, you know, to outcome. And I think you know deeply embed embedding yourself within your customer having them you know live within the product you know every day as a source of defensibility. I think

they're also creating a a really unique data asset, right? Ultimately by being able to process cases again from intake all the way to outcomes that outcomes data is not public, right? That is not a source of information that you know model companies and labs can actually train on and you know on the public internet. And so, you know, ultimately that that outcomes data is is used to better inform smarter intake so that Eve can tell their their customers, look, this case has these characteristics to potentially be worth, you know, $50,000.

This case is potentially worth $5 million. Here's how you may want to triage, you know, your labor and your time. And ultimately, you know, given this counterparty, you know, what are the characteristics that you may want to put into a demand letter to actually affect better outcomes? And so I think the more cases that EES processes, you know, the smarter and more powerful the platform becomes. Again, ultimately reinforcing the business model for their clients because, you know, they only get paid if they win.