Speaker A: I want women to stop being losers. And so, I'm on a mission to really undo the genuinely terrible advice that most women have been given as it concerns their health and their fitness. So, we're going to talk through some actionable strategies on how to build a body that has curves, more of an hourglass figure. But, Stephen, if I can be very honest with you, I am pissed off because we've been sold a lie that our worth is the number on the scale. And I've seen tens of thousands of patients over my 20-year tenure. And right now, a lot of online dialogue is I want to be toned. I want to have the Pilates body. Be as small as possible. So, this is where I get a little fired up because I also have personal experience struggling with my own weight and my own worth. I was trying to become what I thought was the right thing. And I had massive problems afterwards. So, I am going to be very transparent and honest with you. The pursuit of skinny is a bad thing with devastating consequences. Like, you're going to end up with bone disease like osteoporosis.

Speaker B: So, there's lots of things on the desk here in front of us that I'd love to go through. We've got these five fitness myths.

Speaker A: Yes, so one of them, for example, is a lot of women are scared to consume more carbohydrates because they think it's going to make them fat. But, we need carbohydrates for our mood, our sleep, even performance at the gym. And then there's also women are scared that if they're lifting heavy weights, that they're going to start looking like a bodybuilder. But, that's almost impossible. 97% of women don't have the hormonal environment to bulk.

Speaker B: And then we've also got these archetypes here.

Speaker A: So, there's four archetypes that women identify themselves in their fitness journey. And the most common woman that I see is skinny fat Sophie. And we'll talk about what this means.

Speaker B: So, let's talk about what the women listening should understand about hormones. How do you think about fasting and your menstrual cycle? What are the specific issues that mothers face as it relates to fitness? I mean, there's lots of things that I'd love to talk about.

Speaker A: 100%. That makes me so excited.

Speaker B: This is super interesting to me. My team gave me this report to show me how many of you that watch this show subscribe. And some of you have told us, according to this, that you are unsubscribed from the channel randomly. So, favor to ask all of you, please could you check right now if you've hit the subscribe button. If you are a regular viewer of this show and you like what we do here. We're approaching quite a significant landmark on this show in terms of a subscriber number. So, if there was one simple, free thing that you could do to help us, my team, everyone here, to keep this show free, to keep it improving year over year and week over week, it is just to hit that subscribe button and to double-check if you've hit it. Only thing I'll ever ask of you. Do we have a deal? If you do it, I'll tell you what I'll do. I'll make sure every single week, every single month, we fight harder and harder and harder and harder to bring you the guests and conversations that you want to hear. I stay true to that promise since the very beginning of The Diary of a CEO, and I will not let you down. Please help us. Really appreciate it. Let's get on with the show.

Speaker A: Dr. Stephanie Estima. Why is it you do what you do? Like, ultimately, what is it you're trying to change in the world? What impact are you trying to have? And who are you trying to have [clears throat] it for?

Speaker B: Well, I am on a mission to really undo the genuinely terrible advice that most women have been given as it concerns their health and their fitness. And what I mean by that is for the vast majority of health and fitness goals for women, it's all about becoming smaller. It's about becoming skinnier. It's about losing weight. It's about dropping a dress size. Stephen, if I can be very honest with you, I want women to stop being losers. I want them to stop trying to lose all the time. And instead, what I would love for them to do is to shift their focus from losing and focusing more on what they have to gain. So, how much muscle can they gain? How much bone density can they gain? How much connective tissue capacity from their joints, their tendons, their ligaments can they gain? Can they work towards building a body that they love and trust and enjoy living in?

Speaker A: Why do you want that for women? Specifically this losing gaining thing.

Speaker B: We've been sold a lie that our worth is the number on the scale, which is by the way, you know, when you when you're weighing yourself, this is really just a reflection of your relationship with gravity, no more, no less, right? But we are told that when we fit into a certain dress size, that we are now worthy, that we will somehow have arrived. That is not the full experience of being women. Women can be strong, women can be capable, women can be competent, and you can't do that when you're starving yourself, when you're over exercising and you're not prioritizing your recovery or treating recovery like it is something that you have to earn.

Speaker A: So, are you saying being skinny is a bad thing or...

Speaker B: I'm saying that the pursuit of skinny at all costs is a bad thing. So, right now a lot of online dialogue is, you know, strong is the new skinny. I don't want to pit those two things against each other, but I do want to like if you are obese, you are much better not being obese, right? But it is the pursuit of skinny at the sacrificial altar of everything else. So, if you are somebody who values being slim, the likelihood that you are going to pick up heavy weights or weights that challenge you with enough effort and intensity is going to be lower. The likelihood that your bone density is going to be sufficient over the arc of your life is going to be lower. You are going to likely under consume calories. If you are someone who thinks that they've won because they can fit into, you know, you're 40 and you can fit into a size whatever dress. But when you're 65, you have osteoporosis, you haven't won. You've been tricked.

Speaker A: Tricked by who?

Speaker B: A society that tells us that our worth is solely based on how small we are.

Speaker A: Hm. And who are you? Like in terms of why this matters so much to you as Dr. Stephanie?

Speaker B: Yeah. What do I what context do I need to know there? Cuz I can see you're a little bit pissed off.

Speaker A: I have professional experience in this and I also have personal experience in it as well. I have an undergrad in neuroscience and psychology from the University of Toronto. When I was pursuing that, I became a fitness instructor, uh a personal trainer. So this is, you know, very young. I started having uh my first exposure to seeing firsthand how people were setting goals for themselves and having a difficult time achieving it. Went on to the Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College in Toronto, Canada. And then I was in I've been in practice for 20 years. So I've seen tens of thousands of patients over my 20-year tenure and the same pattern kept showing up over and over and over. And then personally, I also, you know, just being a woman living in this society, grew up also struggling with my weight, trying to control my what I ate, trying to do lots and lots of cardio to keep my weight down into what I thought was the ideal body type. I competed in a figure competition, which was really the first moment for me where I really felt like the science failed me because I had followed everything to a T. Do lots of cardio, restrict your calories, you have to earn your recovery. The day that I got up on stage, I was 11% body fat. So just just for context, you know, women have about 10 to call it 13% essential body fat. And if you go beneath that, then you start to get into a lot of trouble. So, I was right at the bottom range of that. Most women, a healthy body fat percentage is something like call it 18 to 25%. I had lost my period for 2 months before I think it was two or three months before I stepped on

I ended up um with hormonal issues. My period had I had It took a long time for that to regulate again. I gained all the weight back that I had lost. And I felt like a total failure. And I felt like the science had failed me.

And it caused you a lot of pain. I hated myself. Like, full stop. I looked in the mirror. I hated what I saw. I would pinch I would pick I was like, I wish this, I wish that, I wish I wish.

The other thing I'll say is the weeks before I stepped up on that stage, people were coming up to me and showering me with compliments. People were like, "Oh my god, you look you look amazing. What are you doing? What's your program?" And so, it's I think it's so confusing for women. Maybe we lose the weight or we we go on this health journey, which is often just code word for getting smaller. And we we get showered with these external compliments.

And at the time, I was starving because I was not eating. I was completely overworked. I wasn't sleeping. And I didn't have my period. Like, I was not the picture of health, but everybody was telling me how amazing I was, how amazing I looked. So, I think that's where we get it we we hitch our worth to what the outside world tells us, rather than thinking about who we need to be and how we need to show up for ourselves first in order to be able to give to everybody else, but also just unhitch ourselves from other people's expectations of us.

And for the women and for all the people I guess that have clicked to listen to this conversation right now, what are they going to leave this conversation with specifically? And how is that going to impact their life?

Yeah. So, this is for women and the men who love them. So, this is for everyone.

Um I think for women, maybe you have been doing like the good girl thing like I was doing, you're doing the things that you thought you should have been doing, but you still don't have the dream body or the body composition that you want. We're going to talk through some actionable strategies on how to do that.

I think if you're in midlife, so you're in your 40s, your 50s, and maybe you're finding that you used to do those strategies and now they're not working for you as well or as much as they once did, we're going to maybe break a little bit of your paradigm in the way that you think you're thinking about health.

And how old are you?

I'm 48.

Hm. Mhm. I think it's important context.

Yeah. But you're also a mother?

I'm a mother of two, yeah. Of two. Mother of two and then I have a I'm have a stepson as well.

Okay. Um there's lots of things on the desk here in front of us that I'd love to go through. They're all things that really really interest me. We've also got these five fitness myths in this envelope here that we'll reveal at some point and these archetypes here. Where do you believe the best place to start this conversation is?

I think that maybe we can talk about the archetypes because I think that it sets the stage for allowing women to identify themselves in their fitness journey, however that is.

Okay, my first Overwhelmed Olivia, this woman wants to do the right thing. Okay, so she is on social media and within a couple of minutes of going on social media, she sees someone saying, "Plants are trying to kill you. Olivia, you should never have plants. They're terrible for you. And she keeps scrolling and then she comes upon someone else who says, "Actually, plants are great for you. They have lots of fiber. They have lots of phytonutrients, etc." So, she's like, "Oh, okay, that's weird. Let me look up some fitness stuff."

And then same thing with the fitness. Some people say, "You don't want to get bulky, Olivia. So, you need to do light weights, high reps." And then there's other people that are like, "That's not true. You can As long as you're bringing the muscle close to failure, you will build muscle." So, she's getting the I like to call it infobesity. It's like so much information. It's too much information that she ends up getting like you know, it's like analysis paralysis. And this woman, I have a soft spot for her because she just is so scared to start something else and fail at it because she doesn't want that to reinforce her own schema, her own perception of her being a failure.

All right, so she doesn't do anything. When we think about uh overwhelmed Olivia, we don't want to get her A to Z. We don't want to get her all the way to her goal. We just want to give her a couple of quick wins to start. Right? Get her just A to B. We're just going to get her walking. She's just going to have a goal of racking up 5 to 7,000 steps in a day so she feels like she's a winner in some vertical of her life. And then you start to layer in more things with her as she goes along.

The second one is probably my favorite, the most common woman that I see, skinny fat Sophia. So, the technical term for skinny fat is TOFI, thin on the outside, fat on the inside. This is a woman who doesn't present as obese, but her body composition, she's starting to see a loss of maybe bone loss, a loss of muscle because she is not she's very afraid of heavy weights. So, maybe I'll do some Pilates, some yoga, maybe I'll walk, right? She also calorically restricts as well, right? So this woman is my is like personally she's my favorite woman because when we start giving her a little bit more food

Um Mhm. and we start giving her just a little bit heavier weights than the 2-lb weights that she's been lifting, you know, in her Pilates class. And by the way, I don't want Pilates people to come for me. I love Pilates, but it's just not the main strategy for muscle building. So it's just

I love Pilates. I do it twice a week. It's fantastic. But this woman, when she starts eating a little bit, I all This is what she always says to me. I can't believe I'm losing fat. I can't believe I'm losing weight by eating more. What is this trickery? What is this magic? So I love this woman because when we get her to see the light, it's actually just it's just a beautiful thing to have all her schema sort of rearrange in terms of what she thought was possible for her.

Um Mhm. Okay? This subject to fat. Yes. If someone comes to you and they say, "Stephanie, I would love to lose some some belly fat"

because I'm skinny fat. Or maybe I'm just, you know, I just have a bit too much weight on me. What is it you say to them?

You can't actually spot reduce. What does spot reduce mean?

So someone wants to reduce their belly fat, you can't just target belly fat. So the way that you're going to reduce overall adiposity in the body is you're going to be strength training, which we've talked about, but you will probably also need some kind of caloric deficit. So when we think about that very famous, somewhat oversimplified calories in, calories out, so you want me thinking about how am I going to create a deficit? So I'm consu- either consuming less calories on the calories inside or I'm eating the same, but I have more output. So I'm doing more cardio or I'm doing more weight lifting or I'm doing more walking or I'm doing something where my calories out surpass my calories in.

Is there an easiest way to do that? Cuz we hear hearing that, you know, just eat less is is quite

I hate it. It's it's, yeah, know, not great. Yeah, and it doesn't it doesn't work in the long term, either. You can temporarily reduce your food, but at some point, your hunger hormones and your body is just going to drive you to consume more calories. I often find when women are like, "Hey, I just want to I want to build muscle and lose fat." Or if it's just, "Hey, I want to lose fat." I personally find it easier for women, specifically, to do more on the calories out side. So, not to

Exercise. Yeah, so doing more exercise, more daily movement. I think that the calories in is totally doable. People do it all the time. I just find it's hard for most women to stick to long term. Cuz then they have to, you know, they got to measure, they [TRANSCRIPT_CHUNK_END]

Speaker A: got to do all the things. So, if you can figure out what your maintenance calories are, and then you can surpass that with maybe more walking or something that's not going to ratchet up your hunger hormones or your cortisol levels, let's say, I think that's often I think it's a healthier option, personally, um because you're also making sure that you're getting in sufficient substrate, sufficient calories, so that you can actually build you know, you can build muscle, bone density, collagen, etc. So, that's our skinny fat Sophia.

Speaker B: Up next, I was this woman I sometimes still am this woman, exercist Emily. So, this is a just a funny word, um to really describe the intensity that this woman puts out at the gym, right? So, this woman, you have no problem getting her to the gym. She is the woman at the squat rack. There's no problem getting her to the gym and getting her to work very diffi-like very hard. What her issue is, and this was me for years, is that she still has some of the skinny fat Sophia attitude towards food. So, there's a mismatch with her between how much effort she's putting out with her uh exercise program and how much energy is coming in with her food. She's still under eating because she's scared of gaining weight.

Speaker B: Mhm. I was exorcist Emily. I was, you know, had the hoodie on, wearing the ear like I nobody talked to me with my big earphones on. Uh this was for me after I was going through a divorce with my I had very young children at the time. They were five and three. So I was I was grieving that and I was still adhering to this idea that I had to punish myself. That I was going to go to the gym and crush it and then follow that with insufficient calories afterwards because I still had that well I can't eat a lot I'm going to gain weight kind of mentality. So exorcist Emily, we love her.

Speaker B: Um and then the pinnacle if you will is the dialed in Diana. So this is the woman who has maybe made peace with some of her demons, um enjoys movement, knows that it's a way for her to tend to herself. You know, food is not a punishment. It's not she doesn't restrict calories because she ate too much. She fuels to nourish her lifts, to nourish her recovery, and for pleasure. Cuz I think a lot of us a lot of women have forgotten that food is is pleasure. It gives us joy and happiness. My sourdough bread in the morning gives me lots and lots of pleasure and I will not give it up for anything. So this is sort of the this is where we want every woman to be able to get to. We want her to dial in both her exercise program, her nutrition program, and to give herself some effing grace with her recovery.

Speaker C: >> You can swear. >> Yeah, her [] her [] So give herself some [__] grace with her with her recovery.

Speaker A: >> got demonetized.

Speaker B: >> Okay, but I get it. So we're trying We're trying to get everybody to become dialed in Diana. >> Yeah. And also just know so if you've been listening to these descriptions like oh I got a little bit of the exorcist Emily I got a little bit of that rage or grief or something but then I also sometimes have analysis paralysis like you will also oscillate through them and that's completely normal as well. Yeah.

Speaker A: >> When you were talking about excess stamina, that was not a wasn't a light season of your life, was it?

Speaker B: >> No, it was very dark. And it was the There was the lifting that got me through it, truthfully. Yeah. It's, you know, sometimes when we think about resistance training, it's literally training your resistance. It's not a question for, you know, if something bad is going to happen, it's just a it's a matter of when. So, I think something, you know, voluntarily putting yourself in a situation where you are making yourself uncomfortable, you know, going to the gym and moving your muscles to failure is not, you know, it's not fun. Uh it can be quite intense, but it does train your resistance, your grit, your mental capacity to withstand, you know, terrible things.

Speaker B: >> So, by the end of this conversation, everybody listening is going to be a dialed-in Diana. >> I That is my dream. >> Okay, let's do it. >> dream. Yeah. >> First, we should start with debunking some of the myths. What's the six myths in this little envelope here?

Speaker B: >> Okay. So, the first one is carbs. >> Mhm. And so, the So, all the ladies who are listening, we have to heal our relationship with carbohydrates. You can restrict carbs temporarily and for certain populations, that's a wonderful idea. Uh if you're a woman that has a type 2 diabetes or PMOS, something like that, a temporary clawback of carbohydrates is fantastic for improving insulin insensitivity, glucose disposal, um but diets like a low-carb diet or a ketogenic diet, which I am a big fan of for certain populations and even for a temporary amount of time, I think what a lot of women did with the carbs is once they started losing weight on a keto diet or a low-carb diet, they said, "Oh, you know what the problem is? It's the carbs. I'm never going to go back."

Speaker B: And the problem with that is that if you were sick, you had a bacterial infection, you went to your doctor, they did a swab, came back positive, and they're like, "You know what? You have a bacterial infection. I'm going to give you a script for antibiotics." Right? You're going to take it for the next 10 days, and then, you know, you'll come back for a checkup and we'll see how you're doing. You do that, you follow the protocol, you take the medication. I don't think anybody listening, or at least I hope, anybody who's listening is not going to come to the conclusion at the end of those 10 days, "Do you know what I need to do to never get sick again? I need to continue taking antibiotics for the rest of my life." No one is going to do that. But somehow, for carbohydrates, people made the illogical conclusion that you should never have carbohydrates ever again.

Speaker B: And for women, what I noticed, so I'm sure we'll talk about my first book, The Betty Body, I advocate for a low low carbohydrate, a higher protein diet in there, but for a transient amount of time, right? Until you achieve the goal of, you know, reversing metabolic issues or losing some weight, etc., improving your period, that's another thing that we actually see is menstrual cycle regulation. But if you stay here too long, your thyroid, like so many women

Speaker B: >> What's the symptom of the consequence if your thyroid being malfunctioning? >> Yeah, I would say you're always cold. So your hands are cold, you're always cold. You might have very, very heavy bleeding, so your menstrual cycle during your bleed week, so that first three to seven days, let's say, when you're on your period. Hair shedding, so hair starts to actually fall out. Hair is not necessary at all for survival. So when you don't have sufficient calories or sufficient balance of macros, your body is going to sacrifice the things that don't matter at all to your survival. And a lot of women will start to say hair uh shedding comes out. The classic sign is the lateral third of the eyebrow. We start to see the lateral third of the eyebrow start to fall out as well.

Speaker B: >> mean the lateral third? >> The outside the outside third of the eyebrow. So, the tail for most people of their eyebrow starts to get really sparse and thin as well. So, there's lots of common signs and symptoms, but we need carbohydrates if not for the thyroid, but for our mood, our sleep, even performance performance at the gym. In the vein of transparency and honesty, I don't always get to eat before I train, but on the weekends when I do and I have some bread and I have some omelets or I have what it my breakfast and I go and train, fantastic performance enhancer. A lot of women are scared to consume more carbohydrates because they think it's going to make them fat.

Speaker B: And this is really comes down to this C I M or carbohydrate insulin model of obesity, which has kind of largely been like disbanded. There's not a lot of evidence to support it anymore, but there's a lot of people online that will scare you and think, well, if you have carbs, your glucose levels might spike. And that, you know, the way that it's often presented is that is the worst thing that ever could happen to

Speaker A: But there's such a thing as too many carbs.

Speaker B: Correct. Yes. I think that the problem is not that the carbs were the problem, it's the overconsumption of carbs, the overconsumption of fat, the overconsumption of total calories.

Speaker A: So, it's defined by calories here.

Speaker B: Yes.

Speaker A: Okay.

Speaker B: Yeah.

Speaker A: There should be a button just down below here. And if it says subscribe, you're already subscribed. If it says subscribe bar, that means you're not yet. And if you're not subscribed, please could you do us a favor and hit that button. It helps to show more than you know. And according to the algorithm, you're someone that watches our show, but you haven't yet hit that button. Thank you so much. What's the next one? What's the next myth in your folder?

Speaker B: Uh this one is women getting bulky. Women are still scared that if they engage in a program of progressive overload, which is to say that you are maybe you are lifting heavy weights, maybe you are doing more volume, meaning you're doing more sets or more repetitions, that somehow you are going to bulk up. As if to say that they're going to start looking like a you know, some a physique competitor, a bodybuilder. It [snorts] is the equivalent of saying, well, if you drive to the store to get some groceries that you are going to be on par with Lewis Hamilton and you're going to be a Formula 1 driver, right? It's just almost impossible for I'm going to say 97 to 98% of women don't have the hormonal environment to bulk. There are a few genetically gifted outliers that absolutely can, but for the most part, women cannot bulk. We do not have as much I don't have as much testosterone than as you do. You have like 10 to 20 x more than I do. So, even if we train the same way, I'm never going to be able to put on as much muscle mass as you. But a gal can continue to dream, right? I can continue to hope.

Speaker A: [laughter] So, bulking up it's not a thing. Um what I what I will say though, actually what I will say is some people when they do start lifting weights initially, they will start to feel a little thicker, right? Cuz the muscle is a little bit more swollen. There's also a layer of fat that usually sits on top of the muscle. So, as you begin to lose body fat, your muscles will begin to uh poke through, let's say. Um but sometimes that's why people will feel bulk they'll say, oh, I'm I'm getting bulk I started and I stopped because I was getting bulky. It's just a sort of a swelling or an inflammation, let's say, of the muscle underneath.

Speaker B: Ooh. Long fasts. So, I will call myself out here as well. I used to believe that this was the key. And this is when I was in my skinny fat Sophia era, when I was in my Exorcist Emily era, where I thought that the more you could fast, the less calories you could take in, and you could lose weight. You want to make sure that you have total sufficient calories. You don't want to over consume calories, but you also don't want to under consume them either. But fasting doesn't actually teach you how to eat when you are not fasting, right? So, I think that a lot of people overly rely on long fast. So, when I say long, I would say 20 hours, 24 hours, 36, 72, like these really multi-day fasts. If I start eating a lot less calories than let's say you do, I'm going to have, over the long term, more detrimental effects than you might.

Speaker A: Why? The female body is just more sensitive to whether nutrients are coming in or not, so that we can figure out whether or not we want to direct our energy to, you know, being able to get pregnant that month. Our ovaries, when we sort of look at the density of the mitochondria in them, it's something like 100,000 mitochondria per oocyte, like per cell. So, they're constantly scanning the environment to see whether it's safe for uh a woman to get pregnant. And so, if you are fasting all the time, you run the risk of sending a signal that it's not safe, that these are famine conditions, and that you should not be producing an egg because that would be terrible because if you got pregnant, there's not enough food to feed you or the baby.

Speaker B: So, it shuts off the your your menstrual cycle as a way to stop you having a baby. Yes. So, you can still fast, but the way that I like to fast is sort of pull the food, you know, call it 2 to 3 hours before you go to sleep. That's when you cut off the food, you sleep for 8 or 9 hours, that's like a 10-hour, 11-ish hour fast, and then you wake up in the morning and you eat. What often happens is women try to push that they'll have a cup of coffee in the morning and then they try to push their eating window, let's say, to 11:00 or noon. And that ends up Oh, it becomes more difficult, I'll say it that way. It becomes more difficult for you to get in sufficient calories, sufficient protein, sufficient carbohydrates, and fats in a restricted eating window.

Speaker A: Mhm. Yeah. Okay. So, this is related to the bulky myth. I think a lot of women are scared of lifting heavy partially because they've never done it, so it's foreign. And I think that the other reason that women are scared of lifting heavy is they're scared of getting injured, which to be fair is a valid concern. I think that in the era of, you know, again, social media can be a blessing and can be the greatest thing ever and sometimes it can be a um a vehicle for misinformation. And I think now we hear muscle mommies and lifting heavy and I think that for women, at least in my cohort, you know, 40s and 50s who grew up in the, you know, the 90s, the Kate Mosses and the asking a woman who is very comfortable with a cardio machine as her vehicle for exercise to now move into the, you know, the free weight section of the gym, the deadlifting platforms, even the machines, can feel really intimidating. So, there are lots of different ways that you can build muscle. It doesn't have to just be heavy. There are other ways that you can progressively overload the muscle, which is to say that you are applying sufficient intensity and effort every single time, whether it's heavy weight or it's more volume, or you're increasing the density of your workout, meaning you take less rest, so you're a little bit more tired. Like, you can There's a lot of different ways that you can make a workout harder. It doesn't always have to be heavy.

Speaker B: Heavy. Oh, this one This one's good. This is post-workout fueling. We used to think that you only had 15 minutes to like knock back a protein shake, right? After you've done a workout. After you've done a workout because you need to replenish the glycogen and you have to start muscle protein synthesis, and I would say that this is largely false. Your muscle protein synthesis is not just limited to the 15 or 30 minutes that are immediately after the workout, right? Your muscles are building little protein factories over the next, you know, depending on how trained you are, 10 to 72 hours in some cases. As long as you are getting sufficient, again, total protein over the course of the day, total calories over a 24-hour period, totally fine.

Speaker A: Okay. Yeah. Oh, pre-workout fueling. Okay. I would say in an ideal world, everyone would have some food before they train. So, a little bit of protein, little bit of carbs, just to start raising some blood sugar to have some available substrate um for the workout. I don't do this um most of the week. So, when I work out during the week, I'm typically at the gym around 6:00-ish in the morning, and I don't I don't like the way that it feels when I eat that early in the morning, and it sort of feels like I have a brick in my stomach. So, what I typically do is I will fuel with ketones. I have ketones uh for my workout, and then when I get home, that's when I have my big uh meal.

Speaker B: So, you have ketones before you do a workout. Yeah. Why? In the absence of food, I would say that ketones are fuel that your body already you your body produces ketones, right? It's a fuel that your body already knows what to do with, especially when it's a big muscle group, so if you're doing a leg day, let's say, or

a back day, it provides you with the neural drive to continue going. So, you get into that sort of sympathetic state.

Mhm.

[clears throat]

That's my favorite um flavor, too, is the green apple. My kids have the green apple before their soccer, too.

I am a co-owner of this company, hashtag ad.

Yes.

So, [laughter] I have to I have to disclaim that. Otherwise, someone's going to come for me.

Yeah. So, in an ideal world, we would fuel before we work out, but my the constraints that I have in my life is that I just can't. In the weekend, different story. I can wake up later. I can have a long coffee with my boys, you know, have breakfast, head to the gym, and then, you know, I always know that when I do have food, my performance is

better in the gym. Better. Always, 100% of the time.

So, let's talk about what you do in the gym. And why you do it. Cuz you clearly got a big focus on muscle being important.

Yeah. I train with lots of women. I actually trained with a colleague of mine this morning called, uh, George. She often goes off into like the cardio section.

Mhm. And she does muscles as well, some some resistance training as well. And I go off in the other direction to like the, you know, the platforms, yeah. Like the men stuff that men typically gravitate towards.

And I'm wondering what you think all women should be doing in the gym. Like, is there If you think about a 7-day workout regime,

Mhm. what do you think is optimal in those 7 days?

Yeah, there is I do want to I do want to call out something you just said, and then I'll answer your question. Um, you just said, I go to the area that typically men go to, and I do the exercises that men typically do. So, just because squats and deadlifts and presses and pull-ups are typically done by men, doesn't mean that those are male exercises. Those are fundamental human, you know, motor patterns that both men and women can benefit from. Um, but to your point, there is typically more men doing those things that are more comfortable doing those things versus someone who's like, "Hey, I can figure out how a stairmaster works. I'll just get on this thing, and I'll be on here for the next 35 or 40 minutes, right?"

I love the stairmaster. I love the stairmaster, too. It's, uh, a special kind of torture. It's great. Okay, so, in terms of what I think people should be doing, if she can aim something like three or four days a week of strength training,

Yeah. it would be alternating upper body and lower body, and then we would be thinking about what muscle groups are we going to be working together. Is it a pull or push? Yeah. So, this is um I think

This is from um my book, uh my upcoming book uh called Nothing to Lose actually, because we shouldn't be losing, we should be trying to try to be gaining. And these are the these are the muscle groups that I want women to be thinking about if their goal is body composition and they are trying to build a body that has curves. You can't spot reduce, but you can definitely spot build. Like, you can put curves where uh you know, they weren't before. So, what I've done in the book is I've outlined muscle groups that I think women should be focusing on in order to help develop in more of an hourglass figure. So, we have uh starting at the top, we have the deltoid muscle group, which you're these are your shoulder. I like to call these your bread buns. So, they're sitting on the side of your shoulder, the lateral delts. Below that, we'll have the back muscles and the lats in particular. I like to call the lats our angel wings because we have, you know, it helps it sort of create that V as the back widens, you have a the appearance of a slender or slimmer waist. Moving posteriorly, we have glutes. So, there's three uh muscles that make up the glutes. It's max, med, and min. Glute maximus, gluteus gluteus and then we have the adductor group.

Which is the insides of the legs. inner thigh muscles, yeah. And then the last the last one is the pelvic floor or may more broadly, we'll say the the core muscles.

So, what do I need to know? For a woman and I I'm thinking about building this uh these five muscles that you've highlighted here. Are there as it relates to how I should be training and the big misconceptions about how to train to build this?

Yeah. What do I need to know? For these muscle groups, you probably should be hitting something like 10 sets of um exercises per week per muscle group.

Okay, so if I do four hip thrusts,

Mhm. um that is one set of four. Correct. And that's going to help my glutes. Correct.

So you're saying that I should be doing 10 sets a week. Per muscle group per week. Yeah. But that's not actually that much. It's not that much. No. And this is why I was saying before the two times a week that the ladies that are like I just have I just have two. That's all I That's all I can give you. You can still have incredible results. As long as you are taking the muscle close to muscle failure, which is to say that you can no longer perform the repetition anymore. You don't have to take it to failure, but as long as it's one to three repetitions from failure. That's all you need to do. And now, I you know, it's simple to say that's all you need to do. It's going to be very difficult for you to do that because you are going to start noticing your uh range of motion, like your ability to do your range of motion is going to be limited. You're going to start noticing the velocity of the repetition is starting to slow down, so your ability to sort of move the weight through space is going to start slowing down. You're going to subjectively, even though you can see that you're holding like a 15-lb or 10-lb, you know, weight, it's going to start feeling like 20 or 25. Like your subjective perception of the weight is going to be um increasing. You know, if you were to rate it out of 10, you would rate your effort like eight or nine out of 10.

And men and women, because they have different anatomies, should be doing slightly different exercises?

I think that that's more a matter of preference and goals. But is my anatomy and your anatomy the same?

Our anatomy is not the same. No. So, when we think about the way that we move through, let's say if you and I were to squat together or you were and I were to lunge together, there's going to be some differences in terms of how we look. And so, we'll pull up some props here if we can. So, this is a female pelvis and this is this little guy who doesn't want to stand up today is a is a male pelvis. So, when we sort of look at the difference between them, the female pelvis is wider and it's more shallow. The male pelvis is more narrow and the reason that we have more of the sort of if you sort of look at the two this looks like a little bit more like a heart shape. And this looks a little bit more like an oval shape. And the reason for that is to allow a baby to pass through. Why this is so important is this is going to shape the stressors that happen in our knees and our ankles. So, in particular we have something called the Q angle which I believe I believe I have a Yeah, I have something Yeah, yeah. So, here is the Q angle. So, what a Q angle is is basically you take a measurement from the hip and you draw it all the way down to the kneecap or the patella and then you take like another little line from the tibial tubercle and and draw it upward. So, that's just for all the nerds that are listening if you want to measure this it's the anterior superior iliac spine all the way down to the uh to the patella and then the tibial tubercle. And what you'll see for women here in pink because the pelvis is wider, the femur has to more aggressively come in medially. It has to come more to the center. So, this makes women when we compare women and men, um it makes us more knock-kneed. Which just means that the knees are coming more together. So, this is going to impact literally every how we move. So, it's going to affect how we walk, how we

Speaker A: jump, how we squat, how we lunge, how we run. And so, it's important to for women to understand how we're different because often the queuing and the instruction that women get are sort of very they're based off of a male pelvis, let's say. And so, we can run into feeling like squats are not comfortable, that lunges are not comfortable, or we start to even shy away from some of these motions because we don't think that they're meant for us. You just need to know how to adapt your training so that you can support some of those sheer motions as you as you're moving. Because what ends up happening for women is as we are let's say lunging or squatting, as the knee comes down, we will start to see more sheer forces being placed through the medial or through the inside part of the knee. Right? So, that puts us at a greater risk for uh ligamentous injuries. So, in the knee, the big one is the ACL that we often worry about. So, as you're getting tired, you need to be aware that you're going to have a tendency for that knee to come in. And there's nothing wrong with the knee coming in as long as you have muscles that can kind of support it. If I were to grab this back here so we can sort of think about superimposing it. If we were to look at the leg here, the muscles that are going to be helping to control the way that the hip moves it are the glutes. So, you have the glute max, but in particular the gluteus medius, which is often called like the upper shelf uh muscle, that's actually going to help the femur or counteract the femur being pulled inwardly.

Speaker B: Mhm. Yeah. [clears throat] Yeah. So, we do have different anatomical differences that women need to be aware of so that we can bias training that will provide mobility and stability for us. So, that's another reason why I mean, yes, glutes look amazing in jeans, but it's also because they are providing such a driving force of stability for the spine, for the knees, for the ankles, literally for the entire body.

Speaker A: And so, with squatting, men and women should squat differently?

Speaker B: Yeah, not all women and men should squat differently. There are women that can squat in these sort of traditional cueing.

Speaker A: Can you show me this?

Speaker B: I can. Yeah, I'll have to take my heels off, but I'm happy to. Yes. Do you want to do it now?

Speaker A: Sure.

Speaker B: Yeah, okay. Let's do it.

Speaker A: So, tell me how the anatomy of a woman and a man determines how we should be squatting.

Speaker B: So, I'll say first that you have to play and see what feels good for you. So, there's going to be some women that are going to be able to squat just like the traditional cues that I'm about to give you. Most women prefer a little bit of a wider squat and I'll show that. So, the typical squat that were the way [snorts] that we're often cued is feet are hip-width apart, toes facing forward, and then we're going to come down, and then I'm just like I can't actually get I'm trying I'm collapsing my chest at this point. So, for women, what a lot of women find is more comfortable can actually get the range of motion that you just demonstrated is taking your feet a little bit wider, and then you're going to turn the feet out. So, because the female femur tends to sit a little bit more spun inwards or in internally rotated, now with this external rotation, we can actually just get by all of that, and we can come all the way down into a squat. So, and we can hang out here like I can we can probably do the rest of the podcast like this if you'd like.

Speaker A: I'd rather not. I'd rather [laughter] not.

Speaker B: So, so that's the squat. Is there anything else I need to know about the squat, the variance between men men and women with squatting?

Speaker A: The other thing that you can think about whether it's a squat with two feet or a lunge or a split squat with one is with a woman when she's coming down when she's decelerating like she's coming down into the into the lunge or into the split squat, everything and your this is true for you as well. Everything is going to be internally rotating. So, the femur, the leg bone is coming in, the tibia is coming in, the foot on the inside you're actually rolling onto the you're flattening of the arch. It's called pronation, which everybody says is a bad thing by the way, but it's you need it to be able to load the spring. And then for women like if you and I were to squat with the same leg forward, you'll probably be able to see that as I'm coming down, like my knee come my knee tracks a little bit inward. versus your stays a little bit more straight. There's nothing wrong with that. It's just a matter of whether or not I have sufficient control with my hip stabilizer muscles to in order to make sure that I'm not putting excess shearing forces on the on the knee.

Speaker B: So, you need to strengthen your hip stabilizer.

Speaker A: Yep.

Speaker B: Okay. The peach. Cuz I I read something about I think it was about the World Cup, the women's World Cup, where they said that if something like 12 women had got ACL injury injuries in the lead up to the World Cup.

Speaker A: Cuz I I read something about I think it was about the World Cup, the women's World Cup, where they said that if something like 12 women had got ACL injury injuries in the lead up to the World Cup. So, when we're thinking about why that happens, it usually happens when the athlete is tired. So, if it's leading up to the World Cup, they've probably over trained, they're not recovering, uh, and then it can be just that they're training one day and she takes a weird step, the shearing forces happen just before her ligaments and her tendons are able to stabilize it.

Speaker B: And is there is there true that there's a connection between like your brain and your mechanics that often result in injury? Like so, I can't remember what it was, but I think someone it was a sleep doctor telling me that when you're underslept, one of the reasons why you get so many injuries is because when you do like jump, your brain and your time is slow. Yeah.

Speaker A: And you see a lot of athletes doing this before games because they're almost like practicing landing. actually a little bit of deceleration. So, what that is is basically a stick and land, right? So, they're jumping and they're holding it so that the forces are not dumped into the joints, but rather absorbed into the connective tissue, so the ligaments and the tendons.

Speaker B: And why is deceleration why is it important even for everybody even non-athletes to do that? Well, if you are not an athlete and you're just somebody who doesn't want to fall and break a hip, you know, I think that that's really important. You know, if you're thinking about falling, what you need to be able to do is get the hip flexor up in front of you, right? And then stop the fall. So, there's a couple muscles. So, we have the hip flexor muscle that has to come up quickly in order to get ahead of the fall. We have the tibialis anterior, which is just this muscle in the front of the tibia that is involved in what's called uh dorsiflexion, which is just nerd speak for toes come up, right? So, you need to be able to clear the floor, and then you need to have glutes to sort of absorb and brake, right? And then we were talking a little bit about the hourglass figure before when we were talking about the adductors or the inner thigh muscles. One of the things that the inner thigh muscles will do is they'll actually pull the leg back underneath you, right? So, they'll also help to stabilize that fall. And the adductors or the outside muscle group like the side of the glutes, they're also going to help brake. So, there's a couple like when you're falling, it's like you got to get the leg up, you got to have the toe clear the floor, and then if you're falling off to the side, you need the adductors and the abductors to be able to um to stabilize so that you don't trip over it.

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Speaker A: So, let's talk about um let's talk about supplementation. Do you take supplements?

Speaker B: I do. I'll pre-frame this by saying that I am a special category of nerd. So, I take a lot of the foundational supplements and then there are other ones that I take because I'm just very, very interested in the research and the research excites me. But for I would say for the general population, for women that are listening, if they're thinking like I got to supplement, there's a couple of sort of tier one, we'll say, supplements that we want to be thinking about. So, I will find my magnesium first. This is our tried and true bestie, okay? So, I love a magnesium glycinate. There's lots of different kinds, uh but glycinate's just the easiest to absorb for most people. It tends to help with relaxation, helps with sleep, helps with muscle recovery. So, this is something that I love. I'll usually take one like 250 megs at lunchtime, and then another one in the evening. So, magnesium for everyone.

Speaker B: I tend to habit stack them. 所以，我总知道在准备午餐的时候，我会把我的镁放在盐和胡椒旁边。所以，当我像给食物加盐一样时，我就想，哦，对了，有镁，我要吃它。而我在楼上的浴室里还有另一个瓶子。所以在准备睡觉的时候，我梳头发、做皮肤护理，随便什么，我也会在那边吃一个。

Speaker A: So, you put it in the way.

Speaker A: of other habits.

Speaker B: Cuz otherwise, if I put it in a really beautiful supplement closet, it's just going to...

Speaker B: Yeah, same. stay there.

Speaker A: I have to put it on my desk. And also, when I travel, it's on the hotel desk.

Speaker A: Yeah. You're already doing something else, so just put the thing next to the thing you're already doing, and your compliance and your adherence is going to go up, right?

Speaker A: [snorts] Um what else we got in here? Ooh, omega-3s. Okay. These are so well established in the literature. They reduce inflammation, they help with cognition. Something like 2 to 4 g a day.

Speaker A: I didn't know you needed to keep it in the fridge. I've been keeping it in a hot cupboard for the longest time.

Speaker A: Yeah. I mean probably spoils.

Speaker A: So, as you're opening up the fridge, put it in front of, you know, the thing that the thing that you would most commonly reach for. So, you go for fruits in the morning, you put them right beside your fruits.

Speaker A: Uh what other goodies do we have in here? Vitamin D, for sure. Uh D3 with a K2. Uh 4,000 IU minimum uh per day, I would say. Most people should be taking that. They call it a vitamin, it's not really a vitamin. It's more of like a prohormone or prehormone. So, this is really important for sex hormone, reproductive hormone production, uh again, inflammation, cognition.

Speaker A: Every day? Every day. I went to the doctor, and he said I was deficient in vitamin D and omega-3. So, there's know how many Even if you live in a sunny I can't tell you I've had patients who live in, you know, Florida, let's say, where it's you think that you're getting a lot of sun exposure because the temperature is uh inimical to that, and you run their vitamin D.

Speaker A: It's crazy. Yeah. Crazy.

Speaker A: Ooh, I'm so happy you have this one here, creatine. Uh I know you just had Dr. Darren Candow on the show. He was actually on my podcast as well. For women, you know, I think creatine used to be this um like bro supplement, you know, it's like these the bodybuilders with the scary, you know, noises and the, you know, weird t-shirts and stuff. But the creatine is really, really important for women. The way that Dr. Candow uh described it to me was he said, you know, lifting weights builds the cake, and this is like the icing on top of it, right? So, you're not going to, you know, enhance performance, you're not going to build strength if you're just doing the creatine. You have to be pairing it with the mechanical signal of resistance training, but I think every woman can be taking 5 g, 3 to 5 g of this every single day.

Speaker A: How much are you taking?

Speaker A: Sometimes you take a bit more than five. So, when you have been, and this is this is the little perimenopausal hack because I am in fully in the throes of it right now, there are nights where I don't sleep well. So, [snorts] taking a higher dose of creatine that day will help with your cognition, your awareness, and your alertness. So, something like a 10-g dose because it's a little bit harder to get if my understanding of it is it's harder to get across the blood-brain barrier, so you need a higher dose in order to facilitate that. But yeah, 10 g.

Speaker A: When I haven't slept well, yeah, definitely if I take it in the morning, it definitely wakes me up. I would say that when I am not taking regular like I'm not taking the 3 to 5 g or, you know, for some reason I start forgetting, um muscles look a little less swole, you know, they look a little less full. Um don't have as much energy in the tank when I'm doing like a really intense workout.

Speaker A: Mhm. There's a performance degradation when I am when I'm not on it.

Speaker A: And then collagen. I love this one because it gets so much hate online, so we're going to go against the grain and talk about how great collagen is. A lot of the criticism for collagen often comes from this idea that, well, it's terrible. It doesn't have any leucine or has less than 3% of leucine, which is an amino acid that stimulates protein synthesis. And yes, that's true. It is a terrible driver for muscle protein, but this that's not like the whole goal for women is not just muscle, right? We have other tissues that go to the gym alongside our muscle that train, like our tendons, our ligaments, our joints. And so collagen is just like muscle is a very expensive process, so it's very expensive, you know, I mean, from a mechanistic point of view to create collagen. So taking collagen is great for what I like to call the JTL, your joints, your tendons, and your ligaments. So I will typically take something like 10 to 15 g of this a day. People will probably come at me. I put this in my coffee sometimes, which I know the heat, I get it, but if I don't, I won't take it.

There's so many collagen products out there at the moment, isn't there?

Yeah. Yeah.

Collagen drinks, collagen collagen's in everything.

Mhm.

Someone's going to figure out how to like put it in the air or something.

Yeah, right. Yeah.

Is that all a fad? They're saying it's good for skin, it's good for nails, it's good for hair, it's good for everything.

It's good for fascia, it's good for I mean, collagen is the primary compound in joints, tendons, ligaments, fascia, skin, hair, and nails.

type of collagen?

Hydrolyzed. Hydrolyzed type 1, 2, and 3.

Okay.

Yeah.

Fine. What else?

Electrolytes. I take electrolytes not as consistently, again, in the vein of transparency and honesty, I typically will take this on a very heavy cardio day. So, I have recently taken up tennis. I'm terrible at it, but being outside tennis, you're in the heat, you're running left and right, and you're doing it for hours on end, you know, you can when you're sweating a lot, electrolytes are really great.

Okay.

Yeah. So, like electrolytes, don't take them all the time. And with our last puppy here. Oh, vitamin C. Vitamin C I actually like to take with the um the collagen because it can enhance its absorption. And then this is just a general antioxidant that I think, you know, there's no harm in taking vitamin C, right? It's water soluble, you take too much, you pee it out. Um but good as an antioxidant, good as an anti-inflammatory, helps with the absorption um of collagen as well.

What about protein? How do you think about protein? Do you do you take protein shakes or anything?

I do when I'm traveling. So, I typically in my day-to-day um diet, I typically don't. I will if I'm falling a bit short, but for me, my most of my protein is coming from whole foods.

What about cardio? Because we have we've talked a lot about doing resistance training and the importance of building muscle. Um what where does cardiovascular exercises, running, sprinting, stair master fit into all of this?

It's life. It's everything. Cardio is is fantastic as well. Um I think that again, you know, when I think about my Overwhelmed Ophelia, you you know, she's online and she has people that are saying things like, you should only lift weights and walk. And then there's other people that are doing, you know, the chronic cardio and the people who are kind of overdoing it that and not doing enough weights. I sort of think about her as we start this discussion. So, we want to be thinking about cardio not as a punishment for what you ate and not because you're trying to get skinny, but because we want to have other goals around our health span and our life span. So, living a longer life and spending more of those years healthy.

A lot of women have PCOS, including my partner.

Yeah. So the first thing I want to dismantle in that comment is that cortisol spikes are bad.

[snorts]

It really context really matters. So without so I'll just say this way. Without cortisol you won't wake up in the morning. You know like we need cortisol. There's something called the cortisol awakening response where it tends to peak, you know, somewhere you know, right right around the time that you wake up and then it sort of looks like a ski slope and it, you know, gradually exits the chat, right? So cortisol is a normal process. A cortisol spike is a normal process. Just like when you train, so when she was saying like I train when I do resistance training, if she were to be monitoring her hormones, she would see both a glucose spike and a cortisol spike when she's training because though it to be able to train with enough intensity and effort, you need to be you need to get into something called sympathetic drive. You need to be in like stress physiology. So her cortisol spiking when she's training as well. So I want to really caution women away from being scared of normal and predicted, you know, uh spikes, right? Like glucose spikes, cortisol spikes. So that that's what I would say just to start off that conversation.

Women with P-M-O-S, it used to be known as PCOS, now it's polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome. Her body typically behaves more like someone who is diabetic, like a type two diabetic, where she has issues with glucose disposal, she has issues with insulin sensitivity. So specific recommendations for someone who has PCOS is absolutely she should be training cuz every time she's contracting her muscles, she's actually helping whether insulin is present is present or not for her to pull that glucose into the muscle cell and to be able to make energy. So, that's really fantastic.

I also think that whether you have PCOS or you're, you know, type 2 diabetic, I think that zone 2 cardio is fantastic again for endurance, but you can also benefit from the very high intensity cardio that, you know, might be categorized as high intensity interval training or hit or sprint interval training sometimes called sit. This is like sit is basically like 10 to 20 seconds all out ovaries to the wall 100% effort uh and then you recover and then you do that, you know, four five six times if you're feeling, you know, particularly, you [laughter] know, energetic. Uh and that can also that stress, that cortisol spike and all the, you know, the physiological cascade that happens from that is going to make you stronger and a better glucose disposal agent, right? Which is what she wants if she has PCOS over the long term.

Are there any particular exercises that women and people generally tend to stop doing as they age because it's kind of like it becomes harder as you age, but they should definitely not stop doing?

Sprinting 100%. I think that everybody should be sprinting. Why? You are going to be increasing something called your VO2 max, which is uh just again nerd speak for how much oxygen can you take into the lungs and distribute to the cells, right? That along with we've all heard the stat muscle declines 1% per year if you're not doing anything, VO2 max is the same. So, you will decline your VO2 max capacity 10% per decade if you're not actively working on it.

I'll put some graphs on the screen that show that decline over time. Yeah, great. I can think of family members, you know, going up the stairs or down the stairs or trying to get groceries and bringing them into the house that are huffed and puffed, right? That they're they've lost their breath from going up a flight or two of stairs.

think, you know, they say that that's just getting older. Absolutely not. It's absolutely not a function of aging. It's just a loss of capacity.

Can you sprint? I sprint all the time. Yeah, but there's So I wanted what I wanted to say was there's a couple of different ways that we can sprint. So you can sprint in a on a track. So I used to be a track sprinter, so that's like my love. But you can also sprint on a cardio machine in the gym. So in the wintertime, so I live on the East Coast where I can't always sprint on the track, so I will take my sprinting indoors and I will do something called the Norwegian 4x4 on a bike. Have you ever heard of a Norwegian 4x4?

I sprint all the time. Yeah, but there's So I wanted what I wanted to say was there's a couple of different ways that we can sprint. So you can sprint in a on a track. So I used to be a track sprinter, so that's like my love. But you can also sprint on a cardio machine in the gym. So in the wintertime, so I live on the East Coast where I can't always sprint on the track, so I will take my sprinting indoors and I will do something called the Norwegian 4x4 on a bike. Have you ever heard of a Norwegian 4x4?

Speaker A: that you have ever achieved. 85% of that for 4 minutes. It's a long 4 minutes. And then you take a 3-minute break. And then you do that again four times, hence the name four minutes four times.

Speaker B: Lots of really cool studies on looking at VO2 max capacity. There's one that I'm thinking of where they looked at women. The average age of the women were 58. So they were a lot of them were in like postmenopausal, let's say. And they put them on a sprinting protocol. What they found was that in a period of 8 weeks, they were able to increase their VO2 max by 10% in 2 months. Which is wild when you think about how quickly you can lose it, and you can get 10% back in 2 months, which is which is phenomenal.

Speaker A: And the other really cool thing about that study was they actually took that cohort. So, that was the we'll call them like the the well-lived or the older cohort, let's say, and they compared it to 18 to 30-year-olds, and they found that the gains that happened in the older cohort were they had mitochondrial efficiency improvements of 69%.

Speaker B: Mhm. Whereas the younger cohort, their mitochondrial gains were 49%. So, all that to say, a lot of people will frame aging as it's like, "Well, now you're getting wrinkles, now you're getting old, and now you're just past you're over the hill, it's past your prime." These women had maybe the gap was bigger for them, but they had so much more upside to gain, right? Which is so that I mean that makes me so excited because it's never ever ever too late. Like you can like the best time to start was 10 years ago, fine, but the second best time is today. Like you're not behind. You can totally do it now.

Speaker A: One of the top comments in your recent video as well was one saying jumping or hopping is a good way to strengthen your bones and knees, and you should not stop doing that as we age.

Speaker B: True. Cuz a lot of people start thinking, "Oh, I I can't run anymore because it's not good for my hips and my knees, and I've you know, I've had injuries and stuff like that." So, running is one of those things that people stop doing cuz they're scared of joint issues.

Speaker A: Yeah, I think the old adage of use it or lose it is really, really key here. Like if you stop doing it, you're going to definitely stop your ability to like you're not going to be able to do it, right? Your body is going to prioritize the things that it does. So, So, you want to be able to jump, you want to be able to sprint, you want to be able to squat, age is is absolutely inconsequential to that. So, in that in that particular comment, if somebody wanted to improve their bone density, yeah, for sure, you can strap on a weighted vest, do some plyometrics, add some weight to your jump. Like, that's going to, you know, increase that strain magnitude and strain rate on the bone, which is going to drive that positive bone reformation. That's awesome. But, yeah, it's if you don't jump, you're going to lose your ability to jump.

Speaker B: Do you jump? I do it all the time. Well, sprinting is jumping, right? Do you like is there such a thing as jump training? Like plyos? Plyometrics? Oh, is that what plyo is? 100%. do that? Yes. Even if it's just isometric holds, let's say. Like, maybe somebody can't jump, but they can stand with their with their heels elevated, so that the Achilles tendon and the calf, like the gastrocnemius, is contracting. Just to give you a little bit of a visual here, so what I'm talking about. Maybe one of the most famous tendons in the body is the Achilles. It is the extension of the calf muscles here, and then it sort of wraps around the heel and attaches into the um into the uh inferior part of the calcaneus, which is just uh your heel bone. So, maybe you can't quite jump yet, but you can actually this uh mannequin is doing a really good job. They're just coming up on their toes, contracting the gastrocnemius, and this is called an isometric hold. So, that tension in the muscles and in the tendon, we have these little mechanoreceptors that sort of detect stretch. So, they will detect that whether something's being contracted or whether something's stretching, and they will say, "Oh, we need to remodel in order to meet the demand of this this activity." And then you can progress to doing little hops, you can progress to doing jumps, etc.

Speaker A: Very easy to do. You don't need to You don't need a gym or anything like that. I've heard you say that um deceleration is important for mobility. Yeah. Deceleration is the opposite of acceleration. So, we think of acceleration, it's speeding up and getting fast. Deceleration is coming to a stop. So, in order to come to a stop without dumping all of the forces in your joints, again, the tendons and the ligaments need to be able to absorb that kinetic energy. And from a sport perspective, your ability to decelerate, so coming to a complete stop and then changing direction, so change of direction training, is actually more predictive of whether you'll go pro than your vertical jump, your acceleration speed, or if you're doing things like beep tests or whatever. Um it's also really important for us as we age. You might trip on, you know, something on the floor or, you know, the corner of a rug, or you might lose your footing on the stairs. You need to be able to get your foot in front of you and then be able to stop the motion before you fall.

Speaker B: Are there any Are there exercises that are like really, really simple and underrated that one can do without equipment? I have so many to show you. Yes. Okay. So, the one that I love, this is almost like a diagnosis, but then it, you know, the diagnosis almost becomes the plan, like the care plan. Uh something that um I just call the X plank. It's very difficult to do, but it is a test for stability and mobility of the hip. So, we were talking about the Q angle before. This is directly challenging the muscles on the side of the hip and whether or not you can stay stable. So, uh this is a great exercise. Yeah, I can show it to you. So, this is, again, like I was saying, it's the prescrip It's the test, but then it also becomes the care plan. So, um maybe what we'll do So, I'll show it to you and then maybe we'll have you try.

Speaker A: I'll I'm going to be over here. Yeah, okay. [laughter] So, you're basically going to come into a side plank. So, where your wrist and your shoulders are all aligned. Toes are facing forward. Hand comes up and then you're going to lift the arm up and you're going to try and see if you can hold this for 30 seconds. It is not easy, and so this is really testing the stability and the mobility of your hips. It's also testing the integrity of your ability to stay ab-ducted, which is what my leg is doing right now. So, if someone has a timer, hopefully I'm close to 30 seconds, but we'll call it maybe now. [laughter] Probably about 30 seconds there. Yeah. Uh so, that's a that's a really great test for anybody to do. And it's also there's core work, there's shoulder work, it's a really whole body workout.

Speaker B: Yeah, my my turn. Why don't you try? Yeah, see. Okay. So, on your side, toes stacked on top of each other, wrist is kind of tucked under the shoulder. Yeah, hands waving hello. And now try to lift to your top leg. Oh gosh, okay. Let me just call somebody. [laughter] I need one of my friends. Okay, I'm going to stand on my It my my feet hurt. So, in this case, if you're not able to do it, this becomes the thing that you train. My mean, the the pressure of putting my foot on my other foot and putting all the weight on this foot here. Okay. Or maybe I'll put my foot on the mat. Yeah, yeah, like maybe you need a little bit of grip. Yeah. That's no better. [laughter] I think it's actually just me being weak. Okay. So, like this? Yeah. And then lifting this leg up. Lifting the leg up, there you go. Okay. Yeah. Okay, I get it. Yeah. Yeah. So, now you're just going to work your yourself up to 10 seconds, 15 seconds, 20 seconds, and over time you'll just

be doing this at the airport.

Where does this arm go?

Just Just on top. Yeah, just on top.

I think I've got more of a balancing issue, is it?

Yeah, it's also it's a really strong balance test, yeah. This is a This is one of those exercises that literally tests almost every system in the body. So, I love it as a diagnostic.

Okay. Is there like a an entry to this exercise that's a little bit more amateur?

For For Yeah, well Oh, if there's me you can maybe instead of doing it on both feet, you can maybe do it on your knees. So, um I'll demo that real quick. So, if you want to just come here, so you're stacking the knees on top of each other, and then you can do it this way.

Okay. So, there's still you're still having to recruit the glute medius um here, but it's just less less stress.

You want to try that? See how that one feels.

Okay. I got it.

Yeah, you got it. Okay. Take your Is there anything else that you can show me that you think's pertinent to the conversation we just had? You know what? Well, yeah, this one actually relates to um mobility a little bit, which we did talk about. So, in cultures where people sit on the floor, they eat on the floor, um you know, they toilet on the floor, they their fall risk is literally almost zero. So, I think as North Americans or Western, we can do more sitting on the floor. So, one of the big tests um I'll you I'll usually won't start on the floor, but I'll have if it's an elderly person, maybe they're sitting on a chair. Can they stand up unassisted, like without using their hands? And this is the hardest part of the test. So, what you'll do is your feet crossed, and we'll do it with both feet to see. Without using your hands, you can use a little bit of momentum if you want. Um but you're going to see if you can get up without using your hands. There you go.

Ooh, that was Well done. Nicely done. All right, let's get back down. Let's try to cross our feet the other way. The wrong way.

The other way. Yeah. Cuz you always typically cross your feet one way, right? So, [clears throat] I don't do this one as well as I do the other one, so I'm working on it as well. So, again, no um hands. You can use a little bit of momentum if you want, and you're going to come all the way up. That one was not as pretty.

Okay. It was really well. What is that I do you know what is what what muscles am I using there?

You're using every you're you are recruiting mobility in your ankles, you are recruiting your quads to be able to extend your knee, your glutes to extend your hip, like it's the whole leg. Mhm, great. Thank you so much. We don't...

Any others that you love? Oh, goodness. can do without equipment at home? Push-ups, body weight squats, which I think you should eventually progress to weights, but so many people have terrible technique, so you can actually have a fantastic workout with just your body weight. Um, glute bridges I think are fantastic. So many. You can pick up like a big um bag of cat food or dog food and, you know, do walking lunges down your, you know, wherever.

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One of the I mean, I looked at lots of the comments and a lot of them also talked about the specific issues mothers face after they have a child. Mhm. Um I saw comments about prolapse and pelvic floors, etc. Yeah. You've had two children. Mhm. What are and you speak to many, many mothers?

Yeah. As someone that's not given birth to a child. So, you know, we talked about how the um the hips are different for men and women. The pelvic floor is also very different for men and women as well. So, just from a What is the pelvic floor?

The pelvic floor is like a hammock of muscles that goes from the pubic bone. So, um if we were to think about So, here is the uh female pelvis. We have the pubic bone here. Mhm. And then it's it's like a sling of muscles that come around and then attach to the coccyx or what's known as the tailbone. And these are called the pubococcygeal. So, pubic, coccyx, pubococcygeal muscles or PC muscles. And they're different than, let's say, your quadriceps or your glutes, because they are literally working all the time. They are working to keep your organs in the pelvis, so that they don't just fall out. And for women, this is another area where we are different, because we have more I mean, first of all, we have more openings, right? So, if you think about the sling of muscles for a woman, you're going to have a hole at the urethra, at the opening of the vulva into the vagina, and then also the anus. So, there's three holes, and so already you have less surface area for that for those muscles to be able to contract and support, right? Versus a male, uh those PC muscles just have to deal with one. So, it's mechanically much simpler for a man. And then you layer on hormonal fluctuations over the course of a, you know, woman as she's menstruating, if she becomes pregnant, under the influence of different hormones like relaxin, uh the weight of the baby, you know, constantly pushing down, um and then birth, as I've mentioned before, uh these can significantly alter the strength and the ability for the for the PC muscles to um absorb load appropriately. So, for women who've had babies, first you have to obviously be working with your OBGYN or your midwife or whoever is managing your care plan to be able to clear you for exercise. And once they do, you don't want to necessarily go back to extremely heavy loads with lots of intensity right away, because you haven't you haven't necessarily yet completely healed, right? So, this is where we get into thinking about, okay, so what are some ways that

Speaker A: we can connect with um with the pelvic floor. So, the famous exercise that everybody's probably heard of is Kegels. You probably heard of Kegels. So, those are wonderful if you're someone who has a weak uh pelvic floor, not so much if you have the >> Wouldn't just sit and contract and and you say >> Yeah, it's it's literally like you are for men the way that I've often um sort of queued men is like, imagine you're like zipping up a zipper. Like you're just kind of coming up and you're sort of holding it and then you're relaxing. You don't necessarily have to move and jump, but you're literally just sort of connecting as much as you can. It's hard because our uh neuromuscular connection to the pelvic floor sometimes is not really strong, but often just closing your eyes and just think like just coming up, holding, and then coming down. And you can do all you can do these all day long free, you know, no one's going to know that you're doing it. Um so that that if you have a weak pelvic floor, that would be something that you might explore. So pelvic floor physiotherapist would be someone who'd be able to diagnose that and give you a bit more counsel there. But weak pelvic floors, Kegels are great. They can actually if you have if you have a tight pelvic floor where you actually have trouble relaxing, Kegels can actually make things a little bit worse for you.

Speaker B: on your book the Betty Body, the last word on the subtitle is the word sex. A geeky goddess guide to intuitive eating, balanced hormones, and transformative sex.

Speaker A: Yeah. Why did you include transformative sex?

Speaker A: I'm thinking of this one patient that I had um and she actually was part of the reason why I included it in this first book. She'd come in to my clinic she'd come in for low back pain. It was like the most typical like I'm have you know, mechanical low back pain, right? And so we were giving her adjustments, we were giving her strengthening exercises, we were doing the rehab, all the things. Nothing out of the ordinary. At her reevaluation appointment, >> [snorts] >> she said, I want like, Dr. Stef, I want to I want to talk to you privately. I was like, okay, fine. Let's go into this room, close the door, all the things. And she said, um do you know the real reason why I came in to see you? And I said, yes, it was mechanical low back pain. And she said, no. Uh it's because when I was with my husband, you know, getting on top of him while we were being intimate, was really hurting me. My back was killing me, my pelvis was killing me, my joints felt like they were rubbing on top of each other. I mean, I was lucky enough that this patient trusted me enough and we had enough rapport for her to basically say, yeah, I um I want to ride my husband and I can't. I couldn't before and now I can. And so I think that there is a quiet, um taboo, we'll say, around women not enjoying sex and I want to give women permission to. So whether you have low back pain and that needs to be corrected, if there's a hormonal input to that,

Speaker B: Okay. Stephanie, what's the most um what's the most important thing we haven't talked about that we should have talked about?

Speaker A: Oh my goodness. Well, we didn't talk about GLP-1s. That's all the new rage at the moment, isn't it?

Speaker B: The Yeah, GLP-1s are Yeah, they're interesting, for sure. I do think with all medications, and I am including hormone therapy in here as well, um at the risk of getting shot down by some people, is I think that we often marry ourselves to what we feel the benefits might be and we will divorce ourselves from the possible side effects, right? Hormones are going to help with your for sure, your sleep, your mood. Uh if you're experiencing some of the thermoregulatory problems, like the night sweats and the hot flashes and all the things, but it's not going to go to the gym and lift weights with you. It's not going to build a healthy plate. It's not going to set boundaries with your boss, you know, like those things you have to do those things, right? So there's this beautiful opportunity where we see more women taking MHT to or hormone replacement therapy, menopause hormone therapy to blend that with lifestyle medicine. You can't It's not There's no easy button here. You know, you have to also put in the work.

Speaker A: And lifestyle medicine meeting? Training, br- managing your stress, recovering, doing the cardio that we've been talking about. On that recovery point you just said, what are the recovery protocols that you think all women should be doing?

Speaker B: The best one that I can tell you is sleep, which can be a challenge in perimenopause, I understand, but that is where you have things like uh growth hormone and IGF-1 tend to surge, muscles grow when you're sleeping, brain cleans itself out. Sleep is Sleep is the number one thing that everybody should be prioritizing. That's wonderful. That's like sort of tier one. Like if there's like an S tier, sleep is an S tier. Um under that, I would say if you have access to something like a sauna, that might be something that you can think of for recovery, whether that's an infrared sauna or it's a traditional Finnish sauna. I often call it lazy cardio. So if you don't feel like doing a really intense cardio session, get yourself into a sauna if you have access to one. Not necessary, but really really like there's a lot of really cool uh studies that have come out of Finland, which by the way, sauna is the only word in English that we've borrowed from Fin-from Finnish. Just a little little fun little tidbit there, but um electrolytes we've talked about. I think that if you are really pushing uh yourself and you're sweating a lot, helping to recover and replenish those. As we lose estrogen in in midlife, our ability to regulate salt also starts to decline as well.

Speaker A: So, what is what should we have talked about that we didn't talk about as it relates to the most pressing questions you get asked by the people that consume the content you make?

Speaker B: The only other thing I would say that we didn't really go on a nerd safari on is the joints, tendons, and ligaments. So, like the connective tissue capacity. We've talked a lot about muscle. I love muscle. I train muscle. Um, muscle's like the popular girl at the party. She gets a lot of attention. You know, if you think about a superstar like, I don't know, like Beyoncé or something, right? She's beautiful to look at. The pump is great. All of that. But, if you put Beyoncé on a rotting stage or you put her on a stage that can't handle her, she's just going to fall right through it. And then you have no concert, right? So, I think that the forgotten tendons and ligaments and joints, we have to be thinking about those as we age because you you can't squat if you don't have good knees.

Speaker A: How do I get great ligaments and tendons?

Speaker B: So, the way that you encourage them to become stronger over time is how you train in the gym. So, there's a couple of different ways that you can bias for more tendon strength and more ligament strength. One of them is when you are lifting, you can bias what's called the eccentric portion of the lift. So, concentric, muscle gets shorter, bones come together. Eccentric is stretch. When you start stretching the tendon, the tendon's like, I'm being stretched. Okay, we have to now create more tensile strength to be able to meet that demand.

Speaker A: Okay, so stretching.

Speaker B: So, stretching under load.

Speaker A: Okay.

Speaker B: Not just stretching.

Speaker A: Pilates.

Speaker B: Not Pilates. No. So, Pilates, again, love Pilates, do it twice a week.

Speaker A: got a bee in your bonnet about Pilates. You really don't like Pilates.

Speaker B: what it Do you know what it is? No, no, no. It's not that. It's people confuse muscle endurance. So, in Pilates you [TRANSCRIPT_CHUNK_END]

关于肌肉量和健康构建的讨论

Speaker A: 有些人喜欢非常高的重复次数。这会灼伤肌肉。嗯，这对我们之前谈到的骨盆底肌来说是极好的。对于女性的健康、骨盆底肌的健康以及那种姿势来说，它是非凡的。

Speaker B: 但你说普拉提不足以建立足够的肌肉量吗？

Speaker A: 这是主要观点，这也是我认为人们会这样想：“你敢谈这个事吗？我喜欢普拉提。我做普拉提。我可能在你的普拉提课上。”然而，我也每周训练四到五次。我有时冲刺一次，你知道的，有时两次，但大部分是每周一次。我在打网球。我做所有这些其他事情，而普拉提带给我很多快乐，对吧？但我总觉得我做完普拉提后感觉非常开心。我不知道为什么。它让我真的很高兴。

Speaker B: 但有些人只是做普拉提，不是吗？

Speaker A: 是的。所以如果你只是做普拉提，我担心你看着我，我是苗条的，你知道吗？如果你现在能穿这件衣服，但你没有适当加载你的骨骼，你没有建立足够的肌肉，你的肌腱和韧带是虚弱的，等你年纪大了，你就会患骨病或失去负荷能力。

社交媒体上的常见问题与自我认知

Speaker B: 女性在Instagram上通常问你什么？

Speaker A: 通常是告诉我你的护肤程序。

Speaker B: 呃，或者你知道，你运动服是什么样的？所有那些小问题。但我是怎么增肌减脂的呢？这是个大问题。

护肤和抗衰老成分的分享

Speaker A: 那告诉我你的护肤程序。

Speaker B: 是的。呃，这很基本。我从我的皮肤科朋友那里学到的。所以早上有些维生素C，一些防晒霜，嗯，晚上有一些维生素A。我实际上真的很喜欢NAD。我用另一家公司的产品里有一种叫做尿路素A的东西，据说它有助于清除身体里的衰老细胞。

Speaker A: 那些就是死细胞，对吧？

Speaker B: 是的，它们就像是那些游荡在周围并制造到处炎症的僵尸细胞。

对自我和失败关系的重新定义

Speaker A: 你快五十岁了？

Speaker B: 我快五十岁了，是的。感觉很好吗？

Speaker A: 我感觉棒极了。我现在感觉我正在我的身体里生活，以一种我想在二十岁时做的方式。比如，我当时非常严苛，对自己很糟糕。我会在二十岁、三十岁的时候对我说的一些话，我从来不会大声对别人说。所以现在我对自己感到非常自豪。你知道吗？我开始进行力量训练，就像很多正在观看的女性一样。她们想看起来更好，建立肌肉，减脂。这就是我开始做这件事的原因之一。但我坚持了下来，是因为它为我提供了一条回家的路。比如，它教会了我如何爱自己。它教会了我如何对自己有耐心，对吧？它教会了我当我感觉自己失败时如何原谅自己，对吧？它重新构想了你与失败的关系，我认为这对女性来说是一个非常大的努力。

对信仰和人生意义的探讨

Speaker B: 斯特凡尼医生，我们在这次播客上有一个收尾环节，最后一位嘉宾会为下一个人留下一个问题，不知道留给谁。留给你的问题是？

Speaker A: 你的护肤程序是什么？不，我在开玩笑。

Speaker B: 你相信上帝吗？为什么相信或不相信呢？

Speaker A: 哦，嗯。我相信上帝。我相信存在一个比我们更强大的力量，比我们能解释的更强大，它保护着我们，给我们提供我们需要学习的教训，它会一次又一次地向我们呈现同样的教训，直到我们愿意屈服于学习这个教训为止。

面对生命的终点与传承的意义

Speaker B: 当你到了你最后一天，回顾你的生活，然后你说：“你知道吗？我做到了。”

Speaker A: 嗯。什么会让你有能力说出那句话？

Speaker B: 是我的家人都在身边。我见到了我的孙辈，也许甚至我的曾孙们。他们都围在我床边告诉我：“哦，你要让我哭，史蒂文。”他们告诉我所有他们从我这里学到的东西，以及他们将带给后代的东西，在我的血脉中。

Speaker A: 为什么这对你如此重要？

Speaker B: 我想所有我做这些事的理由，嗯，是为我的孩子。我想让我的孩子们过上更好的生活。我想为他们省去一些我必须艰苦学习的知识。但这并不是说我想剥夺他们自己的学习机会，而是我想把我认为能让世界变得更美好的重要价值观传下去。比如，我只是想让这个世界比我找到它的时候更好。而我想要通过我的家人和我在这里做的工作来实现这一点。

科学的复杂性与经验的价值

Speaker A: 谢谢你。谢谢你做的一切。嗯，我认为这出于许多原因都非常重要。我的意思是，我想有三点。它在你的书的背面说，贝蒂身体（The Betty Body）。随着时间的推移，人们认为女性是小男人。

Speaker B: 嗯。

Speaker A: 嗯，这就是你书背面的内容。它说：“女性不是小男人，但我们对待自己的身体的方式就是这样。”

Speaker B: 是的。而且拥有像你这样有科学支持、善于言辞的声音是件好事，它们在揭示一个极其复杂的世界——健康信息和相互矛盾的信息——中去神秘化了某些东西。你知道，我比任何人都了解它，因为我的受众经常告诉我，我与你强调的所有形象相关联，比如“焦虑的埃米莉亚”、“不知所措的奥利维亚”。

Speaker A: 运动埃米莉亚。不，我经常遇到这个“不知所措的奥利维亚”。

信息的洪流与经验的深度

Speaker B: 我从哪里开始？我不想再失败了。

Speaker A: 是的。是的。所以有很多不知所措的奥利维亚。部分原因在于现在有这么多信息，其中一个好处是人们不必去见一些昂贵的医生，他们可以去看AI，他们可以看播客，随便什么。但随着科学不断发展和各种不同的声音出现，人们经常感到比以往任何时候都更不知所措于他们认为相互矛盾的信息，而我认为你做得非常出色，在揭示这些信息方面。

Speaker B: 非常感谢。因为它是细致入微的，非常人性化，它源于亲身经历，而且正如你所说，你在你的职业生涯中与数千名患者一起度过了这些年。而且事情并不总是那么简单。它们不总是像卖得容易那样简单的。我认为那些畅销的东西通常很简单和简化的。

Speaker A: 是的。但事实往往很复杂，是私人的。是的，它并不总是在实验室里存在。是的，我认为你不能总是在实验室里复制它。而且我从你的工作中也学到的一件事是，它会随着时间而改变。

个人阶段与未来的展望

Speaker B: 我以一个三十三岁的男人，在这个激素和体型阶段，我有我的目标，一件事可能是真的。但也许当我五十岁时，另一组不同的事情将会是真实的。我认为细微差别超级超级重要。如果人们想要更多你的作品，我知道你明年会有一本书出版，叫做《[snorts] Nothing to Lose, Build the Dream Body You Want Today, Gain the Strength and Mobility You'll Need Tomorrow. And you've got this current book here called The Betty Body which I'll link below subtitled A Geeky Goddess. You use the word geeky a lot and nerd. A nerd's safari, [laughter] that's interesting. Used to be used to be sort of a you know, a terrible word to use. I'm like, no, I'm a total nerd. Yeah, special category of nerd. A Geeky Goddess Guide to Intuitive Eating, Balanced Hormones, and Transformative Sex.

寻找更多信息或联系方式

Speaker A: 如果他们想了解更多信息，或者想给你发消息、保持联系，或者想见你？他们去哪里呢？

Speaker B: 我的播客，不像Doac的那么广泛。嗯，但我有一个和Dr. Stephanie一起的播客。我在那里做单人剧集，我会在关于肌腱和韧带以及所有这些事情上的小插曲，然后我还采访那些在科学和健康领域被认为是世界思想领袖的人，我们试图提炼出这对拥有美好生活意味着什么。所以，播客通常是免费的，你可能正在听这个YouTube视频，在所有地方，然后你可以去我的网站dr.stephanieestema.com。

Speaker A: 你还有其他想说的吗？

Speaker B: 我会说，对于那些听我播客的女性来说，我的Olivia感到不知所措，她们感觉自己不知道从哪里开始；还有像Sophia这样害怕举重和像一只鸟一样吃东西的“瘦胖子”；或者像Emily这样的运动者，她们仍在与自己的“恶魔”作斗争。你并不落后。你绝对足够了，不要对自己太苛刻。

Speaker A: 谢谢你。

Speaker B: 谢谢你。YouTube有一个新的疯狂的算法，他们确切知道根据人工智能和你的观看行为，你会想看下一个什么视频，而且算法说这个视频是为你量身定做的完美视频。这对每个人来说都是不同的。现在看看这个视频吧，我敢打赌你会喜欢它的。