臣服的艺术:打破控制与焦虑的恶性循环
每一场演讲,我都有个惯例。我会提前到场做音响测试。拿到麦克风后,我会走到走廊里转悠,观察听众,感受现场的气氛。随后,我的思绪便会转向:准备。在后台坐下时,我开始想那些我希望有所不同的事——那些如果按我的方式来会更好的事情。比如,我希望房间能再凉快一点,舞台能再大一点,听众看起来别那么像宿醉未醒——开玩笑,你们状态很好,不是说你们。但有时候听众确实看起来宿醉,这让我感到焦虑,于是我开始关注所有我无法控制的事情,因为说到底,我只是想把工作做好。作为主旨演讲者,我被聘请来表演并带来成果,我担心这些不可控的因素会阻碍我实现目标。
对于领导者来说,你们可能会深有体会,因为面对压力时,这是一种非常自然的应对机制。身为领导者,你必须交出成绩,而如今要取得成果比以往任何时候都要困难。在股东期望不断提高的同时,员工的期望也在攀升,变革步伐极快,劳动力转移迅速。然而,作为领导者,你仍然必须获得那些成果。因此,领导者往往会专注于他们必须做些什么才能让事情运转起来。他们考虑自己需要管理什么,需要调整每一个细节,包括流程和人员——他们需要做出哪些改变。但现实是,控制只是一种幻觉。你无法控制自身之外的任何事情。你唯一能控制的,就是你展现自我的方式。
那么,如果与其强求世界符合我们的心愿,不如尝试一些激进且非常规的做法呢?比如尝试臣服。在谈论领导者创造业绩时,“臣服”可能听起来有些过于感性。但让我在这场演讲中展示一下臣服,好吗?我现在就准备臣服。我将停止说话并保持沉默,直到有人喊“现在”(now)。
(沉默片刻)
“现在?”噢,真快。非常感谢。这比我想象的要容易得多。而这也正是臣服的意义所在。我本以为你们可能会花个30秒,让我尴尬地站在那里,而臣服确实是令人难受的。这正是它的一部分意义,也是为什么臣服如此困难的原因。但在那个瞬间发生了什么?我退后了一步,而您站了出来,一种新的动态关系诞生了。我们做了一些不同的事情,共同创造了这一刻。
Original English Source
Every time I give one of these talks, I have a routine. I start by showing up early, and I do the sound check. I get the mic, and then I go in the halls, and I walk around, and I look at the audience because I want to get a sense of the vibe. And really, where my mind starts to go is: prepare. I get backstage, I sit down, and I start to think about all the things that I wish were a little bit different -- the things that would be better if they were my way. So I wish the room was a little bit cooler. I wish the stage was a little bit bigger. I wish that the audience didn’t look so hungover -- no, you guys look great, not you. Sometimes, though, they look hungover, and I get worried, and I start focusing on all of the things that I can't control because ultimately, I want to do a good job. You know, I’m a keynote speaker, and I've been hired to show up and perform and drive results. And I'm worried that all these things might prevent me from doing that. For leaders, you can probably relate because this is actually a very natural coping mechanism to being under pressure. You as a leader have to drive results, [and] it is harder than it ever has been to get results right now. You have increasing shareholder expectations at the same time as employee expectations are increasing, the rapid pace of change, the workforce generally is shifting so quickly, and yet you as a leader, you've still got to get those results. And so leaders tend to focus on what it is that they have to do to make it work. And they think about what they have to manage, every detail that they need to adjust, the processes and the people -- what they need to do differently. But the reality is, control is an illusion. You can't control anything outside of yourself. The only thing you can control is the way that you show up. So what if instead of trying to force the world to fit into the way that you would like it to be, we tried something radical and unconventional. We tried surrender. Now surrender can feel like a touchy-feely word, especially when we're talking about leaders driving results. But let me demonstrate surrender right now in this talk, OK? I am going to surrender. I'm going to stop talking and be quiet until someone says, "now." Now? Oh, that was fast. Well thank you. It was so much easier than I thought it was going to be. And that's kind of the point of surrender. I was thinking you guys might take 30 seconds and make me stand here quietly, and it's uncomfortable to surrender. That's part of the point. That's part of why it's so hard to surrender. But what happened in that moment? I stepped back and you, sir, you stepped in and a new dynamic was created. And we did something different. And we co-created this moment together.适应性胜于控制:通过体验重塑团队信念
控制型思维的问题在于,它并不能带来好的成果,因为它会扼杀适应力。最终获胜的是适应性文化(Adaptive Culture:能够根据外部环境变化快速自我调整的企业文化),而非控制型文化。几年前,我与斯坦福大学商学院(Stanford Graduate School of Business)合作进行了一项研究。我们调查了243家公司——分析了它们的使命、战略、文化,当然还有它们的业绩。我们想知道什么样的公司能胜出。结果表明,表现超越所有其他类型公司的是那些具备适应性的公司。在三年时间里,它们的表现比控制型公司优秀了三倍,其营收增长也明显更高。
那么,你该如何创造一种适应性文化呢?这正是问题的关键。显然,你不能通过强行命令每个人“我们现在要变得有适应性”,并去控制整个房间的适应力来实现,对吧?创造适应性文化的方法,在于理解你在共同创造它时所扮演的角色。因此,臣服并非消极被动,也不是放弃,而是对你在那一刻必须做出的、且真正能控制的行为的主动接纳(Radical Acceptance)。
我们知道成果源于行动。人们试图通过关注员工采取的具体行动来驱动业绩,这依然是控制的心态。但大多数领导者认为,如果他们想改变这些行动,就必须推行一堆流程、规章和新的工作流,对吧?开一大堆会,制定KPI和仪表盘。当你采取这种方法时,你依然陷在控制型思维中。在我20年的咨询生涯中,我发现人们不会因为你推行了新流程就发生改变。人们的行动始终与他们的信念保持一致。因此,如果你想改变他们的行为,你必须转变他们的信念。然而,我同样无法直接控制你的信念,对吧?我不能说:“好了,你现在开始对承担风险感到安全了,谢谢。”这根本不会发生。但我能做的是,去创造一个由我掌控的体验(Experience),通过这个体验来转变你的信念。当信念发生转变时,你便会主动选择采取新的行动,进而带来成果。
Original English Source
Now the problem with the control mindset is that it doesn't drive results because it chokes adaptability. And adaptive cultures win, not control cultures. I studied this with Stanford Graduate Business School a couple years ago. We looked at 243 companies -- ... their purpose and their strategy, their culture and obviously their results. And we wanted to know which kinds of companies won. And the companies that outperformed all other types were the adaptive companies. They outperformed control companies three times over the course of three years. Their revenue growth was significantly higher. So how do you create an adaptive culture? That is the question. Well, it's not by telling everyone that we're going to be adaptive now and controlling the adaptability of the room, right? The way that you create an adaptive culture is by understanding your role in the co-creation of it. So to surrender is not passive. It is not giving up. It is a radical acceptance of what you need to do in that moment that you actually have control of. Now we know that results come from actions. People are trying to drive results by focusing on the actions that people are taking, which is that control mentality. But most leaders, they think that if they want to change those actions, they have to implement a bunch of processes and procedures and maybe new workflows, right? Have a bunch of meetings, do KPIs and dashboards. And when you take that approach, you are in that control mindset. And what I found in 20 years of consulting is that people don't change because you implemented new processes. People will act in alignment with what they believe. And so if you want to change their behavior, you have to shift what it is that they believe. And once again, I can't control your beliefs, right? I can’t say, OK, you’re now going to be comfortable with risk-taking, thank you. That doesn't happen. But what I can do is I can create an experience which I control, that will shift your belief. And that belief will have you then proactively choose to take a new action which will drive a result.真实的力量:坦诚沟通与企业自愈实践
具体在行动中这看起来像什么?我来分享一个多年前的例子。当时我受聘担任一家科技公司的首席人力资源官(CHRO)。那时我刚刚经历了个人生活的转变,开始在生活中拥抱臣服,并想在工作中也尝试一下。所以我得到了这份新工作,参加了我的第一次董事会会议,感觉非常荣幸。但董事会随即通知我们,必须裁减20%的员工,而我正是负责人。
臣服的时刻到了。
我开始琢磨该怎么做。让我告诉你美国企业界通常是如何裁员的。高管们比其他所有人提前几个月就知道裁员的消息,并且牢牢控制着整个流程。他们控制着舆论导向,关起门来开会讨论裁员名单、人数、这会如何影响预算,以及如何控制负面言论。然后选定时间宣布,接着去应对余波。
但我想要尝试臣服。我问自己,在这个时刻,臣服意味着什么?不是去控制所有人,而是选择我可以创造的体验。于是第二天上班时,也就是董事会会议的第二天,我召集了全体员工并说道:“我刚刚被告知,我们需要裁减20%的员工。我现在还不知道裁谁,也不知道确切的裁员时间,但我们会逐步理清,并且在这个过程中的每一步,我都会让大家知道。”
这是我在那一刻创造的体验,它改变了团队员工的信念。一些人的信念转变为“我得赶紧找份工作了”,他们开始申请新工作并陆续离职。但另一些人则对这种透明度深表感激,这是他们以前从未体验过的。于是他们说:“我想留下来,与一个会告诉我真相并带我堂堂正正面对困难的人一起工作。”你无法对真相进行错误管理(You can't mismanage the truth)。
在接下来的几个月里,随着大家陆续主动离开,你们猜发生了什么?我们意识到我们甚至不需要进行裁员,因为公司已经自行调整到了合适的规模。离开的人是自愿且按照自己的意愿离开的;而留下的人,是真心与我们站在一起的。因为他们知道我们保护着他们,所以他们准备好去适应业务环境的变化。
Original English Source
What does it look like in action? I will give you an example from years ago. I was hired to be the CHRO, the head of HR for a technology company. And I had just had this personal moment of transformation in which I was embracing surrender in life, and I wanted to try it at work. And so what happened was I got this new job, I went to my first board meeting, I felt very special being there, and the board let us know that we had to lay off 20 percent of the workforce, and I was in charge. Surrender. So I show up and I'm trying to figure out what to do. And let me tell you how layoffs typically go in corporate America. The executives know that it's happening months before anyone else, and they control the process. They control the narrative, they get into rooms and they meet and discuss who are we going to lay off and how many people and how is that going to affect the budget and how are we going to control the narrative? And then when are we going to announce it? And then they drop the ax and then they deal with the fallout. But I wanted to surrender. And so I asked myself what surrender would look like in that moment, not controlling everyone else, but making a choice about the experience that I could create. And so I showed up the next day at work, the day after the board meeting, and I gathered everyone together and I said, "I've just been told that we need to lay off 20 percent of the workforce. And I don't know who yet, and I don't know when exactly, but we're going to be figuring that out, and I'm going to let you know every step of the way." That was an experience that I created in that moment that shifted the beliefs of the people that worked on that team. Now some of the people’s beliefs that shifted were, "I've got to go get a job." They started applying for jobs and then they left. Other people, though, were really grateful for the transparency, and it was something that they hadn't experienced before. And so they said, "You know what? I want to stay here and work with someone who’s going to tell me the truth and walk through the front door.” You can't mismanage the truth. And you know what happened after the next couple of months as we watched people leave the organization? We realized we didn't even have to do layoffs because the company had rightsized itself. And people who left, they left of their own accord -- on their own terms. And the people who stayed, they were with us. They were ready to adapt to the business circumstances because they knew that we had them.锯断特权之牌:用象征性体验瓦解防御与重建信任
这里还有另一个例子,来自我们的客户优鲜沛(Ocean Spray)。这是多年前的事了。他们有多家工厂,其中一家位于威斯康星州的肯诺沙(Kenosha),是整个公司中表现最差的工厂。于是他们聘请了一位名叫蒂姆(Tim)的人来担任厂长,他的任务是扭转局面。蒂姆就是一位选择臣服的领导者,他对那种“命令与控制”(Command-and-control)的方法毫无兴趣。
他到任后面对的是高昂的系统成本、高工伤率,以及充满敌意的工会关系。蒂姆走进来问自己:“我能做些什么来改变这个局面?”许多厂长来到这里可能会开始说你们需要做出哪些改变:“你们必须表现好一点,如果不扭转局面,我们就要关闭工厂。我们要实施一堆新的流程和步骤。我们要开会确保你们走上正轨。”这就是命令与控制的方法。
但蒂姆选择了臣服,他问自己:“这家工厂的员工有哪些信念需要转变?”他识别出的信念主要是怨恨。员工与领导者之间存在着极深的不信任。他很理解为什么会这样:因为工厂员工早上来上班时,不得不走过一排排空着的“经理专用”停车位——而这些经理甚至还没来上班,因为办公室要到上午9点才开始工作。想象一下这给工厂员工创造的体验。
于是蒂姆把大家召集到户外说:“大家都出来,我们在外面开个会。”他走到停车场,真的带了一把链锯(Chainsaw),锯倒了每一个“经理专用”的停车牌。然后他看着大家说:“随便停在哪儿都行,我们回去工作吧。”
那是一个强大的臣服“链锯时刻”,对吧?它所做的是扭转人们的信念。当然,后面还有很多工作要做,但信念已经开始改变,人们开始觉得:“好吧,这不一样。这些领导,我可以信任这个家伙。让我看看我能做些什么来扭转局面。”最终,他们成功将工伤事故减少了75%,成本也降低了,这家工厂从一个濒临关闭的最差工厂,一跃成为整个优鲜沛生态系统中排名第一的工厂——这完全是因为蒂姆选择了臣服。他没有一上来就指责:“你们得做点不一样的。我该怎么做才能让这里变得更合我意?”
Original English Source
Here's another example. This was from one of our clients: Ocean Spray. This was years ago. They had multiple plants and one plant was in Kenosha, Wisconsin, and it was the worst-performing plant in the entire company. So they hired a new guy named Tim to come in. He was the plant manager, and his job was to turn it around. And Tim was the surrendered leader. So he was not interested in the command-and-control approach. And he showed up and he was looking at -- I mean, they had the highest costs in the system, they had high injury rates, they had hostile union relations. And Tim came in and he said, "What can I do to change the situation?" A lot of plant managers would come in and start talking about what you guys need to do differently. "You guys have to act right, if we don't turn this around, we're going to have to close the plant. We're going to implement a bunch of new processes and procedures. We're going to have meetings and make sure that you're on track." That's the command-and-control approach. But Tim surrendered, and he asked himself, "What are the beliefs that people have at this plant that need to shift?" And the belief that he identified was largely resentment. I mean, there was distrust between the employees and the leaders. And he could understand why. Because when the plant workers would show up in the morning, they would walk past all of the empty parking spaces that were "reserved for managers" that weren't even there yet, because they don’t show up until 9am when the office day started. So imagine that experience that's being created for those plant workers. So Tim gets everyone outside and he says, "Come on, everyone, we have a meeting outside," goes in the parking lot, literally brings a chainsaw and chainsaws down every single "reserved for manager" parking sign. And then he looked at them and he said, "Park wherever you want. Let's go back to work." That was a powerful chainsaw moment of surrender, right? And what it did was it shifted the beliefs. There was more work to be done, obviously, but the belief began to shift in which people said, "OK, this is different. These leaders, they do not -- I can trust them," right? "I can trust this guy. Let me see what I can do to adapt to turn this around." They ended up reducing injuries by 75 percent, their costs went down, they went from the worst, almost-shutting-down plant, to the number-one plant in the entire Ocean Spray ecosystem -- because Tim surrendered. He didn't show up and say, "What do you guys got to do differently? How do I wish it was different than the way that it was?"掌控可控者:借鉴特种部队的行动哲学
想想你花了多少精力在抱怨现状、希望事情如你所愿从而让自己更舒适上。有很多人不喜欢“臣服”这个词,因为这听起来有点软弱,对吧?尤其是军人。它会让人联想到挥舞白旗并放弃。但我并不是建议你放弃,我是建议你放弃对控制的幻觉——这种控制你本来就不曾真正拥有过。你应该把花在控制上的所有精力,转向掌控自我:你的回应方式,你的展现方式,尤其作为领导者,当你承担着通过创造体验来塑造周围人信念的责任时。
美国海军陆战队特种部队(Navy SEALs)有一句格言叫做“控制可控者”(Control the controllables)。但其隐藏的心法其实是:“停止试图控制不可控的事物”。特种部队队员知道他们无法控制战友的行为,无法控制收到的命令,无法控制设备是否会发生故障,也无法控制敌人的行动。当直升机在敌方领土坠落时,他们不会躺在那里想:“唉,我希望情况不是这样。等一下,我们不该在这儿。”他们专注于“在这一刻我需要做些什么来适应、回应并展现自我?”他们是臣服的专家。
因此,我的邀请是去尝试臣服,放下对控制的幻觉,专注于你所创造的体验,去影响并支持你周围的人,重塑他们的信念。这将最终允许他们对于自己想采取的行动做出不同的选择,因为他们拥有自由意志,你无法控制他们。
我知道对于管理者和总监们来说,这很难理解,因为你们被赋予了这些头衔,感觉自己的工作就是告诉每个人该做什么。但归根结底,他们只有在自己相信的时候才会去做。这就是你在组织团队中驱动业绩的方式。
所以,尝试臣服吧——它有时会让人感到不适,甚至像是一种冒险。但每一次伟大的突破,都源于有人愿意承担风险。所以,今天就去冒险吧。臣服以启领导(Surrender to lead)。最后,在结束这次演讲之际,我想把这个问题留给你们:你们会用它来做些什么?谢谢。