Joe Liemandt:重构 AI 时代的教育,让孩子在两小时内掌握全天知识 The Knowledge Project Podcast 2026-03-31

教育体系为何在 AI 时代彻底失灵?

[主持人]: AI 世界正在到来,我们都对其影响感到恐惧。为什么教育在今天看来从根本上崩溃了,而 30 年前却并非如此?

Original English

[Host]: This AI world is coming and we're all terrified of what it means. Why does education seem fundamentally broken today when it didn't 30 years ago?

Joe Liemandt: 我认为在家长眼中,求变的焦虑源于 AI 世界的逼近,而我们都不知道它具体意味着什么。但有一点是肯定的:我们经历过的那套教育体系,无法让孩子为那个世界做好准备。这成了变革的催化剂。如果你和幼儿园孩子的家长聊天,他们会想,如果我让孩子接受标准的传统教育,十二年后他们能适应 AI 时代吗?答案显然是否定的。

其实早在十年前,甚至在 AI 出现之前,学校就已经在衰落了。如果撇开 AI 不谈,只看纯粹的学术成绩,你会发现测试分数每年都在下降。

Original English

Joe Liemandt: The the biggest picture I think if you talk to parents of like why there's agitation for change is this AI world is coming and we're all terrified of what it means. But what we do know, and we don't know exactly what it means, but what we do know is the education system that we all went through isn't going to prepare the kids for that world, right? And I feel that as a catalyst for people to say the old system wasn't working or the old system needs to change... Well, and and schools are failing. You know that if you look at, you know, just pure academic results, just take academic results independent of AI. You're you're right. Uh test scores keep going down every year.

[主持人]: 这怎么可能?我们投入的资金明明越来越多。

Original English

[Host]: How is that possible? We keep spending more and more money.

Joe Liemandt: 原因很多。学校是一个复杂的组合体,学术表现只是其中一个元素。而学校基本上已经认为学术不再那么重要,整个生态系统的参与者都愿意让标准下降。

这源于我们体系构建的两个固有局限:第一,它是一个基于时间的体系,学生每年升级,老师坐在教室前面讲课。这种体系只适合两类人:一是高 IQ 的孩子,二是大五人格中尽责性(Conscientiousness)极强、天生勤奋的孩子。如果孩子不具备这两点,体系就不会为他们调整。第二,在资源维度上,一个人的受教育程度和学到的知识多寡,在很大程度上取决于其家庭收入。如果你不去改变这些底层要素,无论投入多少钱,都无法提高孩子的 IQ 或尽责性,也就无法解决根本问题。

Original English

Joe Liemandt: It's you know uh you know there's there's a lot of reasons around it... The first is the way it's structured is a timebased system where you move up every year and you have a teacher in front of a classroom. There's basically you have two attributes for people who do well in that system. One, it's IQ coded, which is higher IQ better is better. And second, it's big five conscientiousness coded. If are you a natural grinder... And the system doesn't adapt for anybody who doesn't do well in those two elements... and then the second dimension over here is fundamentally about resources and factually... one of the strongest determinations of whether you learn your educational outcome and how much you know is based on your family's income... If you have a timebased system that's based on IQ and conscientious, you can pour all the money you want into it and it doesn't change those, right? It doesn't make kids more give them higher IQ, give them more conscientiousness, and so it doesn't fix the problem.

美国教育的特有矛盾与“两小时学习法”

Joe Liemandt: 这里还涉及美国与全球的不同。美国社会普遍承认学校很糟糕,成绩和等级都在下滑,由于成绩通胀,哈佛大学 80% 的学生都能拿 A。

但美国的不同之处在于,受教育程度与赚钱潜力之间的关联度并不像世界其他地方那么紧密。因此,很多家长觉得学术没那么重要,生活技能(Life skills)反而更关键。

三年前我担任校长时,我们将第一个产品定位为“2 倍速学习”。结果我遭到了家长的强烈抵制。在数百场家长会上,我解释说,小明没能实现 2 倍速学习,是因为当他答错题时,他直接跳过了讲解视频。家长却会反问:“你为什么要给孩子这么大压力?”

这让我意识到,大部分家长并不看重学术效率。后来我们做了巨大的定位转型:我们不再强调学得更多,而是强调“两小时学习法”——每天只花两小时完成学业,剩下的时间可以去做酷毙了的事情。这时候,家长的态度变了,他们会训斥孩子:“你怎么回事?难道不想早点完成学习出去玩吗?”我们仍然教授同样高强度的内容,但重点变成了“把时间还给孩子”。

Original English

Joe Liemandt: at 80% of the great inflation everybody knows you like you know 80% of people at Harvard get A's now... in the US there's a big disconnect between educational outcomes and your earning potential... And so there's a big thing among parents who are just like the academics don't matter that much. There's all these other things, the life skills and all these other skills that matter more than the academics... three years ago... our first product the way I positioned it you know was 2x learning... I got incredible push back from parents about that... I'm going to change this message... Look, I'm trying to get Johnny out of here in two hours so he can go do all the cool stuff the rest of the day... And then mom's like, "Johnny, what's wrong with you? Don't you want to get out of here?"... we literally took we It was 2x and two hours. And I'm like, let's just drop it and call it two-hour learning where you learn 2x in parenthesis.

Alpha School:从底层重构教育

[主持人]: 什么是 Alpha School

Original English

[Host]: Well, let's talk about alpha school. What is Alpha School?

Joe Liemandt: 它是一所正在全美扩张的高端私立学校。你可以把它理解为对教育系统的重新审视:如果我们要为十年后 AI 主导的世界建立一套教育体系,完全抛弃我们经历过的那些(每天 6 小时课时、繁重作业),我们会怎么做?

我们的核心原则只有一条:孩子必须热爱学校。如果做不到这一点,其他一切尝试都毫无意义。我们每八周调研一次,96% 的学生表示热爱学校。后来我们把指标提高了:你热爱学校胜过度假吗?目前大约 40% 到 60% 的学生给出了肯定回答。今年五月,三分之二的高中生甚至发消息给我,问能不能在暑假也保持学校开放,因为他们不想放暑假。

Original English

Joe Liemandt: So, Alpha School is a uh high-end private school um expanding nationwide... building an educational system that's going to be ready for when AI comes... Just ground up rewrite. Ignore everything you and I went through... if you're going to redo school... the number one rule is kids must love school... And we got our ranking like I think it was like 96 the last we survey our kids every eight weeks... we added a second question which was do you love school more than vacation... highlight of my time as principal three years ago was when I started uh in May of this year twothirds of our high school kids sent me a note and they're like Miss Liont can we keep the school open this summer cuz we don't want a summer break.

精通式学习与 10 倍速的学术成果

Joe Liemandt: 在学术上,我们是全美表现最好的学校。我们推崇标准化测试,因为人们很难相信每天只学两小时能学到什么。但当我们的学生在 SAT 数学考试中拿到 790 或 800 分,在 NWEA MAP 测试中进入全美前 1% 时,事实就摆在那儿了。

在我们的系统中,每个年级每门学科的知识掌握,通常只需要 20 到 30 小时。这意味着学生在九月就能完成一整年的标准学业。我们不仅筛选好学生,更致力于让中后部的学生进入前 1%。我们的增长率是其他学校的四个标准差之外。比如三四年级的孩子,有些人的分数已经超过了全美 50% 的高中毕业生。

Original English

Joe Liemandt: academically, we're the best academic performing school in the country just bar none... even you know a lot of parents don't believe in standardized tests... but when they score, you know, top of 790 and 800 math SAT... or on stand NA MAP test... top 1%. Every single class, every single subject is top 1%... take seventh grade science. In a normal standard school, you have 180 school days... average kid in our system with time back... learns it in 22 hours to mastery... You should think between 20 and 30 hours per grade level per subject... That means you can basically be done school in September... Analyze the growth rate of alpha versus any other school in the country and it's like it's like four standard deviations off the track... I have third and fourth graders who outscore 50% of the high school graduates of this country.

AI 导师如何打破 IQ 的神话?

[主持人]: 这种**精通式 AI 导师(Mastery-based AI tutor)**具体是如何运作的?

Original English

[Host]: explain the mastery based AI tutor.

Joe Liemandt: 传统的老师站在讲台前,必须面对从 1% 到 99% 分位各种程度的学生,这几乎是不可能完成的任务。如果学生在五年级时留下了知识漏洞,到高中数学必然崩溃。

我们的 AI 系统基于精通式学习理念:只有当你彻底掌握了基础,才能进入下一阶段。这使得学习不再取决于 IQ,而取决于努力程度。我们有一个“100 for 100”计划:如果学生在标准化测试中拿到 100 分,我们就奖励 100 美元。即使是一个七年级的学生,也可以从三年级的测试开始,补齐知识漏洞。AI 会精确诊断你的知识盲区,生成个性化课程。

学习科学告诉我们,理想的状态是让孩子处于“最近发展区(Zone of Proximal Development)”,即准确率保持在 80% 到 85% 之间。太简单会无聊,太难会放弃。AI 导师能提供源源不断的、难度精准匹配的问题。

Original English

Joe Liemandt: The problem with the kids learning isn't the kid, it's the system... We've built a system that breaks those two things which is if you have a masterybased AI tutor, right, that only allows you to advance after you've mastered the material... That makes it effort-based, not IQ based... 100 for 100... Pick your grade level... AI tutor... Assessments... The zone approximal development, like give them questions where they're getting them 80 to 85% correct... Every video game developer knows this. Keep the kid engaged.

动力问题:还给孩子的时间与“浪费计”

Joe Liemandt: 所有的教育者都会告诉你,教育需要两样东西:有动力的学生和难度适中的课程。AI 解决了后者,但动力呢?

这就是我们“归还时间(Timeback)”设计的巧妙之处。如果孩子在屏幕前转转椅而不投入,原本两小时能学完的内容会变成三小时。我们在屏幕角落设计了一个“浪费计(Waste Meter)”,实时提醒孩子:“哥们,你正在浪费 50% 的时间。”一旦指示灯变绿,他们就可以去打篮球、踢足球或者做任何想做的事。

我们甚至可以根据孩子的兴趣生成内容。如果一个三年级的男孩讨厌看书但喜欢《复仇者联盟》,AI 就能生成一个让他和朋友们一起拯救世界的“互动冒险”故事,同时把阅读难度控制在略高于他水平 10% 的范围内。

Original English

Joe Liemandt: AI does that second part well... But how do you solve motivation?... we basically negotiated two hours... If I gave you the four hours back to go do awesome stuff... how we got the engine and the waste meter. So for if you're a student... you're wasting 50% of your time, dude... change these behaviors and you'll get out of here in 2 hours... The unlock is like at the sports academy... until it goes green. And then they get to go play... choose your own adventure where you and your buddies are saving the world. And that kid will click page by page for an hour... funnel new vocabulary words to him...

导师的角色:从“授课者”到“教练”

[主持人]: 你们的“引导员(Guides)”和传统老师有什么不同?

Original English

[Host]: It sounds like guides and teachers are very different. What makes for a good guide?

Joe Liemandt: 传统教师的任职标准极其苛刻:你得是领域专家,得擅长教学法,得能激励学生,得能对付家长,还得处理行政事务。结果就是我们给的钱少,要求高,导致了教师流失。

在 Alpha,我们将角色拆分了。老师不需要懂七年级科学,也不需要懂复杂的学习科学,因为 AI 导师代劳了。引导员的任务只有一个:建立连接并激励孩子。他们要像顶尖教练一样,维持高标准(High Standards)并提供高情感支持(High Support)

我们甚至有专门负责家长的教务长(Dean of Parents),让引导员能全心全意关注孩子。当我的大女儿申请斯坦福大学时,她拒绝让我看她的文书,因为青少年不想被父母评判。但她完全信任她的引导员 Khloe,因为她知道 Khloe 会坚持哈佛级别的严苛标准,同时给予她支持。

Original English

Joe Liemandt: there's five things really if you're going to be a teacher... domain expert... good at teaching... connect and motivate... deal with parents... administration... we narrow the scope... AI does that... world's best at connecting and motivating kids... hold high standards and high support... dean of parents... Kids, adolescence do not want parents judging on them... Kate, my daughter, has a great such a relationship with Khloe. She trusts her and she trusts her to get her in...

杰克·韦尔奇的启示:ROI 与高标准

[主持人]: 听说你的父亲曾是**杰克·韦尔奇(Jack Welch)**的战略规划师,这段背景对你有什么影响?

Original English

[Host]: And so he used to work for Jack Walsh, right?

Joe Liemandt: 杰克是我的导师。从他那里,我学到了最深刻的道理:高标准即是爱

1997 年,我的公司赢得了年度电子商务产品奖,我很得意地去见杰克。他却告诉我:“Joe,我不在乎你的产品是不是天上掉下来的,如果 GE 没从中获得 ROI(投资回报率),你和你的公司就很烂。”

这彻底改变了我的价值观。在教育领域,学校往往认为自己的工作只是把孩子塞进学校。而我认为,如果孩子没学到东西,那是系统的错,是我的错。我们要对结果负责:孩子必须热爱学校,且必须学到东西。

我还记得杰克在我登上《福布斯》封面后对我说:“Joe,你要决定这到底是你人生的第一步,还是最后一步。你是打算余生都在吹嘘自己赢了比赛,还是意识到你才刚刚站上起跑线?”这番话让我写下了一百件待办事项,促使我不断向前。

Original English

Joe Liemandt: I spent a lot of time with Jack... Jack's like, "Greg, our kids are going to be first and second in the race, so they're going to have to work really hard... Wasn't it worth it?"... high standards... Jack was both super, you know, harsh... young self-made member of the Forbes 400... Is this your first step or your last step?... Joe, I don't care if it comes from heaven above. If GE doesn't get an ROI, your product, you and your company suck... nothing matters... resetting me of are they getting value out of what you're doing?

愿景:让此刻成为成为 5 岁孩子的最佳时代

[主持人]: 对你来说,成功是什么?

Original English

[Host]: what is success for you?

Joe Liemandt: 为全球 10 亿孩子彻底变革教育。我常挂在嘴边的一句话是:我们的工作,是让现在成为人类历史上成为 5 岁孩子的最佳时代

Original English

Joe Liemandt: Um that we transform education for 1 billion kids. So that's nothing like what we had. And the the tagline, if I had to give my tagline, is our job is to make this the best time in history to be a 5-year-old.

[主持人]: 这是一个完美的答案。非常感谢你今天的分享。

Joe Liemandt: 很有趣,谢谢。

📌 文中提及的人物和组织

人物: Jack Welch

公司/组织: Alpha School, GE

产品/模型: Timeback, Math Academy, Physics Graph

媒体/书籍: The Knowledge Project

关键字: mastery-based-learning personalized-education ai-tutor educational-innovation cognitive-load-theory