政策转向：特警执法权与公共毒品危机的冲突
安大略省政府近期宣布计划赋予特警（Special Constables：拥有特定执法权限的非警察官员）更大的权力，允许他们对在公共交通系统内吸食非法毒品的行为进行罚款或逮捕。这一决策源于公众对地铁安全感持续下降的强烈担忧。省长道格·福特（Doug Ford）曾直言不讳地指出，乘客们在地铁上目睹他人注射毒品的现象是“荒谬且令人恐惧的”。新政策不仅涉及法律定性（从联邦犯罪转为省控罪名），更重要的是引入了高达 10,000 加元的罚款以及最高六个月的监禁。然而，交通权益组织 TTC Riders 的执行主任安德鲁·普尔西弗（Andrew Pulsifer）认为，这种做法实际上是在将由于政府政策缺失导致的健康危机“刑事化”。他指出，特警原本就具备逮捕权，新规更多是强化了惩罚力度，而这可能会让一些易受伤害的群体感到更加不安。
Original English Source
Premier Doug Ford back in February, talking about the TTC and concerns about public drug use. "When you're sitting there and some guys drugged out, he has a needle in his arm jacking it into his arm. It's ridiculous. They need to get off the subways and make the subway the safest subways." Now he says he's going to take action by giving special constables the power to make arrests for drug use on transit.
Andrew, the Ontario government plans to give special constables powers to ticket and arrest people who use illegal illicit drugs on transit. Is this different from what they can previously do? "Well, yeah, you're right. Special constables do already have the ability to arrest people who are using drugs on transit. This changes whether it's a federal crime or provincial one. What we're really talking about here is it allows them to issue fines of up to $10,000, six months in prison. And I will say that safety is a real concern on public transit. But what this is doing is more criminalizing a health crisis that is of Doug Ford's own making."
执法与关怀的平衡：治理范式的多维争论
在治理交通安全的问题上，不同背景的专家提出了截然不同的范式。A Better City 的董事会成员凯莉·艾兹科维茨（Kelly Aizicowitz）代表了许多乘客的立场，呼吁对毒品使用采取“零容忍政策”。她认为，人道关怀（Compassionate Approach：基于同情与支持的干预方式）与强力执法并非互斥，但在问题迅速恶化的当下，必须采取果断行动。独立咨询顾问大卫·库珀（David Cooper）则从更广泛的北美视角指出， transit 机构一直非常清楚，安全需要“两手抓”：一方面需要加强社会服务外展（Outreach），作为通往医疗、减害（Harm Reduction）和住房支持的门户；另一方面也确实需要执法力量来维护系统内的基本秩序。他强调，这种双重需求在整个北美交通行业中已达成共识，单纯依靠其中任何一种手段都无法解决复杂的社会问题。
Original English Source
Andrew: "We don't want to see more enforcement on public transit. We have to recognize that there are a lot of people that feel less safe by increased enforcement on public transit. So we would rather see a compassionate approach, more care workers on the system, helping people find treatment, helping people find housing."
David: "I think what the transit agencies have always been clear about is that we need the compassionate approach from an outreach perspective. But transit agencies have also been very clear that we also need enforcement... We actually need both."
Kelly: "Well, we've called for a zero tolerance policy for drug use on the TTC. So when we saw the Premier's announcement, we thought it was a step in the right direction. Compassion and enforcement are not mutually exclusive, but I think this problem is ballooning and we can't not take action."
数据与感知的鸿沟：被掩盖的日常风险
多伦多市 2026 年 4 月的最新数据显示，每百万乘客中针对乘客的犯罪率为 1.71，而每百名员工中针对员工的犯罪率为 6.25。尽管存在大量的服务请求和减害互动（如分发纳洛酮工具包），但乘客满意度调查显示，仅有 59% 的乘客在乘坐交通工具时感到安全。凯莉分享了一个极具代表性的亲身经历：她和女儿在斯帕迪纳（Spadina）站出站时，遇到一名男子正疯狂咆哮并用话筒猛砸公用电话。在那一刻，她能做的只有迅速带孩子逃离，而根本无暇通过 311 或 App 进行报案。她认为，官方数据并不能完全反映这种“被低估的风险”。社交媒体上充斥着在街车上吸食冰毒或留宿的视频，这些现象极大地打击了公众对交通系统的信心。与此同时，安德鲁指出，由于省政府关闭了大量的安全消费点（Safe Consumption Sites：提供医疗监督的毒品使用场所），导致毒品吸食行为从室内转向了地铁等公共空间，从而引发了更多的过度吸食和紧急情况。
Original English Source
The number of offenses against customers per million is 1.71. Offenses against TTC employees are 6.25 per 100. There were 1012 calls for service about safety issues. The monthly customer satisfaction survey showed 59% of riders feel personally safe on transit.
Kelly: "I think there are some questions about self-reported. Is it actually accurate? Just yesterday, my daughter and I got off the subway at Spadina station and we were greeted by a screaming man beating a payphone with its receiver. In that moment, I needed to get her out of the subway... most transit riders don't have time to report because they're on their way somewhere. It's not really surprising when you look over the last couple of weeks at videos that have surfaced all over social media of meth use on transit, people in sleeping bags at the back of streetcars. We think that's unacceptable."
Andrew: "Doug Ford has been in the process of shutting down safe consumption sites throughout the province. More are closing this month, and you're seeing that manifest in more public drug use across Toronto, including on the TTC. We need to reopen safe consumption sites because we're not just seeing public drug use spike, we're seeing overdoses."
根源治理与未来建议：从“移动问题”到系统解决
在关于如何 GUARD 弱势群体（如少数族裔或无家可归者）免受过度执法影响的讨论中，专家们一致认为问题的根源在于交通系统之外。安德鲁直言，“住房”是唯一的硬道理，交通系统承载了过多的社会弊病，是因为收容所容量早已饱和。目前的执法往往只是将问题从地铁“移动”到附近的公园或监狱，这种移动策略（Move-along Strategies）并不能根除问题。他建议大规模推广多伦多社区危机服务（Toronto Community Crisis Service：受过去升级训练的非警务危机干预团队）试点项目。大卫则引用了卡尔加里（Calgary）的成功案例，该市通过显著扩大外展团队并强化与警方的合作关系取得了积极成效。最终，凯莉强调多伦多市民不应被迫接受现状，必须通过市政厅和市长的领导力，重建交通系统的信誉，让 TTC 重新成为人们出行的首选方案。
Original English Source
How can government authorities guard against unfair targeting of racialized people or unhoused? "Well, I can't just entirely be up to the TTC right to solve every societal issue, but governments can provide more housing, basically. We just need more supports for folks. The move along strategies don't really work. It's just that's where police patrol the TTC and just kick people off. And then they end up going somewhere else."
David: "We've seen some really positive results in Calgary. They've significantly expanded their outreach team. They've also significantly expanded their equivalent of special constables and strengthened their relationship with the Calgary Police Service."
Andrew: "Having more proactive staff like streets to homes workers, the loft community workers, the Toronto Community Crisis Service workers... seeing an increase in service, fixing our state of good repair backlog so our streetcars can run on time would be a huge boost to safety as well."
Kelly: "We don't have to accept this as our status quo. We can demand better. The TTC can become the better way again. And that is going to take leadership from City Hall, from the mayor, from council."
📌 文中提及的人物和组织
公司/组织: TTC, OC Transpo, Ontario Government, TTC Riders, A Better City