亲密关系中的“不自由”
大家好,欢迎来到我的频道。本期视频,我们来聊聊有毒关系(Toxic Relationships: 指对个体心理健康有害的亲密关系),以及人们为何会深陷其中。
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Hello everyone, welcome to my channel. In this video, let's talk about toxic relationships and why people stay in them.
在我认识的网友和朋友中,我经常遇到这样的情况:当事人在日常和社交生活中,都非常理性且正常。
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Among the netizens and friends I know, I often come across this kind of situation. The client's daily and social life are all very rational and normal.
然而,在亲密关系中,他们却常常做出一些看似令人费解的事情。他们明知这段关系充满了伤害和痛苦,却总是难以摆脱。
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However, when it comes to intimacy, they often do things that seem incomprehensible. They know this relationship is full of hurt and pain, but it's always hard to break free.
即便走出了这段关系,但在下一段关系中,又会再次陷入相似的困境。尽管没有外部的限制,但当事人却感到,自己永远无法突破某种无形的障碍。
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Even if they get out of this relationship, they find themselves in a similar situation in the next one. Although there are no external restrictions, the parties feel they can never break through some invisible barrier.
生活似乎陷入了轮回和重复,这是一种深刻的不自由感(Unfreedom: 无法自主选择和行动的状态)。我们曾在关于“真实兴趣”的视频中提到,自由本身可以分为负面自由(Negative Freedom: 指外部世界不对我的行为施加影响,只要没人干涉我的选择,我就是自由的)和正面自由(Positive Freedom: 指我能够掌控自己,实现自我主宰)。
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Life seems to be trapped in reincarnation and repetition, leading to a profound sense of unfreedom. We previously mentioned in a video about true interests that freedom itself can be divided into negative freedom and positive freedom.
负面自由指的是外部世界不对我的行为施加影响,只要没有人干涉我的选择,我就是自由的。
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Negative freedom refers to the outside world having no influence on my behavior; as long as no one interferes with my choice, I am free.
正面自由意味着我能够掌控自己,实现自我主宰。
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Positive freedom means I can control myself, achieving self-mastery.
因为尽管有时没有人干涉我,但我可能受制于自己的本性,例如我所拥有的一些心理创伤等。因此,不自由可以分为两种:即受外部力量控制的不自由,以及受制于内在的不自由。
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Because although sometimes no one interferes with me, I may be constrained by my own nature, for example, by some kind of psychological trauma I have. Therefore, unfreedom can be divided into two types: that is, the lack of freedom controlled by external forces, and inherent unfreedom.
受外部力量控制的不自由是容易识别的,例如你的父母要求你必须按照他们的计划生活。这种不自由是比较容易解决的。
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The lack of freedom controlled by external forces is easy to identify; for example, your parents ask you to live according to their plans. This kind of lack of freedom is relatively easy to solve.
而受制于内在的不自由,它却是具有误导性和欺骗性的。因为这些压迫性的声音,都是以自我的名义发出的。
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However, inherent unfreedom is misleading and deceptive. Because these oppressive voices are all issued in the name of self.
然而,这些自我,只是一个虚假自我(False Self: 心理学概念,指个体为了适应环境或满足他人期望而形成的人格面具,并非真实的内在感受和需求),一个异化自我(Alienated Self: 指个体与自身真实感受、需求和本质相分离的状态),而不是真实的自我。
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However, these selves are just a false self, an alienated self, not the real self.
一个人长期被有毒关系所吸引并受到伤害,这当然是一种严重的不自由。但这通常不能简单地归结为外部的压迫和束缚。
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A person chronically attracted to and hurt by toxic relationships is, of course, experiencing a serious lack of freedom. But this cannot usually be simply attributed to external oppression and restraint.
所以,发现真实的自我,这意味着识别出那些虚假的自我,并觉察到它们存在的心理机制和原因。今天的视频,我们就来简单聊聊这个话题。
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So, discovering your true self means identifying those false selves, and becoming aware of the psychological mechanisms and reasons for their existence. Today's video will briefly discuss this topic.
如果你对今天的视频感兴趣,或者你有什么想和我探讨的话题,可以通过我的邮箱进行预约。那么,我们回到今天的话题。
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If you are interested in today's video, or have any topic you want to discuss with me, you can contact my email to make an appointment. So let's get back to our topic today.
创伤迷恋的案例分析
说到有毒关系,我想到了几位朋友的经历。他们的经历都非常有代表性。
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Speaking of toxic relationships, I thought of the experiences of several friends. Their experiences are very representative.
案例一:寻求危险中的安全感
第一位女性朋友,她有一个非常暴力的男朋友。这个男朋友不理解也不尊重她,不断地对她进行言语上的批评和侮辱。
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The first female friend has a very violent boyfriend. This boyfriend doesn't understand or respect her, constantly criticizing and insulting her verbally.
有时甚至会采取肢体上的行动。这当然给她带来了巨大的精神痛苦。
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Sometimes he would even resort to physical actions. This, of course, caused her a lot of mental pain.
在我看来,这段关系没有任何理由继续下去。然而,在讨论如何分手时,她对男朋友的评价,却出现了微妙的变化。
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In my opinion, there is no reason for this relationship to continue. However, when discussing how to break up, her evaluation of her boyfriend underwent subtle changes.
例如,她会觉得:“男人都这样,谁又能好到哪里去呢?”或者认为这个男人虽然有很多缺点,但他正在成长,而且有时非常有魅力。
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For example, she would think, “Men are all like this; who can be any better?” Or she would think that this man has many shortcomings, but he is growing and sometimes very charming.
这其实是一种变相的夸奖。即便承认他很糟糕,但也没有比他更好的了,所以他就是最优解。
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This is actually a veiled compliment. Even though she admits he's terrible, there's no one better than him, so he is the best solution.
事实上,当事人自己可能并未察觉到其态度中的矛盾。这里存在着一种倒置,那就是那种不安全、危险的亲密关系,反而带给了她一种特殊的安全感。
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In fact, the parties themselves may not be aware of the contradictions in their attitudes. There is a kind of inversion here: that unsafe, dangerous intimacy, instead, gave her a special sense of security.
而那种情绪稳定的恋爱对象,反而可能会让她感到陌生和不安全。这种看似矛盾的心理模式,就是典型的创伤迷恋(Trauma Obsession: 指个体无意识地被与早期创伤经历相似的人或情境吸引,试图在重复中寻求修复或掌控感)。
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And an emotionally stable love interest, instead, might make her feel strange and insecure. This seemingly contradictory psychological pattern is a typical trauma obsession.
在创伤吸引(Trauma Attraction: 与创伤迷恋同义,强调被创伤模式吸引的倾向)中,当事人早期的成长经历,充满了虐待和暴力。在这种环境中,她发展出了一整套应对暴力和虐待的系统。
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In trauma attraction cases, the early growth experience of the parties was full of abuse and violence. In this environment, she developed a whole system of coping with violence and abuse.
这种对抗和应对的能力,不仅仅是一种心理上的适应。它是一种全身都熟悉的生存方式。
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This ability to confront and cope is not just a psychological adaptation. It is a way of survival that the whole body is familiar with.
在面对施虐者时,她的身体知道如何快速反应。她知道如何预测对方的情绪变化,如何应对突如其来的危险,如何化解和抵挡对方的攻击等。
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When confronting an abuser, her body knows how to react quickly. She knows how to predict the other person's mood changes, how to deal with unexpected dangers, and how to defuse and resist the opponent's attack.
长期的创伤环境,使得这种反应机制变得相当顽固。然而,如果她和一个温柔、情绪稳定的人在一起,她会发现,所有这些反应机制都失去了意义。
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A prolonged traumatic environment makes this reaction mechanism quite tenacious. However, if she is with a gentle, emotionally stable person, she will find that all these reaction mechanisms have lost their meaning.
她不再需要警惕、妥协或战斗。所有这些曾帮助过她的心理机制,在一段正常的关系中,显得多余。
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She no longer needs to be vigilant, compromise or fight. All these psychological mechanisms that had helped her seem redundant in a normal relationship.
这就像一个战士,他学会了如何在战场上生存,习惯了战斗和冲突。当他突然来到一个和平的世界时,他会感到不安全和不真实。
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This is like a warrior who learned how to survive on the battlefield, accustomed to fighting and conflict. When he suddenly comes to a peaceful world, he will feel insecure and unreal.
甚至感到无聊和空虚,因为他所积累的所有战斗技能都无用武之地。而和那些暴力、不稳定的伴侣在一起,则重新制造了童年创伤。
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He might even feel boring and empty, because all the combat skills he had accumulated are useless. And those with violent and unstable partners recreate childhood trauma.
虽然会带来伤害,但它确实激活了她的神经系统。它能够唤起她强烈的熟悉感和生命力。
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Although it will hurt, it does activate her nervous system. It can evoke her strong sense of familiarity and vitality.
她的身体反应、情绪模式和能力,似乎在这种状态中找到了意义。这导致了她很容易被有问题的男性所吸引。
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Her physical reactions, emotional patterns, and abilities seem to have found meaning in this state. This leads to her being easily attracted to men with problems.
案例二:替代性创伤与修复欲望
另一位女性朋友说,尽管她目前有一个非常温柔体贴的男朋友,但她却常常觉得,那个糟糕的前任,总是有一种莫名的吸引力。
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Another female friend said that although she currently has a very gentle and caring boyfriend, she often feels an inexplicable attraction to that terrible ex.
前任是一个对他人粗鲁冷漠的男人,但他却常常对她表现出异乎寻常的善意。这种特殊的善意打动了她的心。
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Her ex was a man who was rude and cold to others, but he often showed her unusual kindness. This special kindness touched her heart.
即便前任有时对她表现出粗鲁,但她认为,这只是因为前任缺乏一个良好的成长环境,自己应该对他多一些宽容。
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Even though her ex sometimes behaved rudely towards her, she thinks this is just because he lacked a good growth environment, and she should be more tolerant of him.
然而,在她一次又一次地试图修复与前任的关系时,却一次又一次地经历了挫败。她似乎认为,这个情绪不稳定的人,偶尔的善意,比那些理智之人的善意更加珍贵。
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However, as she tried again and again to repair her relationship with her ex, she experienced frustration again and again. She seems to think that this emotionally unstable person's occasional kindness is more precious than the kindness of those who are sane.
也更具吸引力。这种吸引力显得难以言喻和理解。
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Also more attractive. This attraction seems indescribable and incomprehensible.
这位女性的童年,可以说相对安全。她的父母对她比较疼爱。没有重大的创伤。
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This woman's childhood can be said to be relatively safe. Her parents love her more. There's no major trauma.
然而,她的父亲虽然对她很好,但他却常常压制她的母亲。在她的童年时期,她常常能够共情到母亲的抑郁、不幸和无力。
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However, although her father treated her well, he often suppressed her mother. In her childhood, she could often empathize with her mother's depression, misfortune, and powerlessness.
尽管这是她母亲的创伤,但并非她直接经历的创伤。然而,由于她潜意识中认同、接受并继承了母亲的负面经验,所以也可以说,这是一种替代性创伤(Vicarious Trauma: 指间接接触他人创伤经历后,自身产生的心理影响和创伤反应)。
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Although this was her mother's trauma, it wasn't a direct trauma she experienced. However, because she subconsciously agrees with, accepts, and inherits her mother’s negative experiences, it can be said to be a vicarious trauma.
这恰恰塑造了她前任的吸引力。因为前任在某种程度上与她的父亲相似,即他们都对他人粗鲁,但却对她很好。
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This just shapes her ex's appeal. Because the ex is similar to her father in some way: that is, they are both rude to others but good to her.
她无意识地希望重现这种创伤环境。通过修复与这个男人的关系,从而能够以替代性的方式,补偿和修复母亲的创伤。
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She unconsciously hopes to recreate this traumatic environment. By repairing the relationship with this man, she can vicariously compensate and repair her mother's trauma.
弥补母亲未曾得到的感情关怀。然而,这种修复的愿望却总是受挫。
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Make up for the emotional care that the mother did not receive. However, this desire for restoration is always frustrated.
因为她的前任并不会配合她的计划。这导致她经历了持续的痛苦和失望。
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Because her ex won't cooperate with her plan. This caused her to experience constant pain and disappointment.
而每一次的失败,都强化了她继续努力的动力。
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And every failure strengthened her motivation to continue working hard.
案例三:扮演理想父亲的角色
一位男性朋友也有过类似的经历。他发现自己的女朋友们,都习惯于压制和利用他。
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A male friend had a similar experience. He found that his girlfriends were used to suppressing and taking advantage of him.
他觉得自己似乎很容易容忍,并忍受来自对方的这种压迫。当别人对他提出某些要求时,他总是觉得,自己应该包容他人,回应他人的需求。
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He felt that he seemed to easily tolerate and endure this kind of oppression from the other side. When someone makes certain demands on him, he always feels that he should tolerate others and respond to their needs.
这位网友在日常生活中,并不会容忍压制。但在亲密关系中,面对这种让他感到傲慢的女性,他却表现出了极大的包容。
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This netizen, in daily life, would not tolerate repression. But in an intimate relationship, facing women who made him feel arrogant, he showed great tolerance.
这常常给他带来了巨大的痛苦和困惑。通过探讨,我们发现他有一个冷漠而专制的父亲。
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This often causes him a lot of pain and confusion. Through discussion, we discovered that he had a cold and authoritarian father.
他的父亲对他非常严厉和吝啬,没有任何温情。他现在,似乎在这些女孩身上,看到了自己童年时的样子。
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His father was very strict and stingy with him, offering no warmth. He now seems to see his childhood self in these girls.
所以当那些女性对他提出要求时,他感受到的并非对方对他的不尊重和剥削。而是自动进入了亲子关系模式。
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So when those women made demands on him, he did not feel the other party's disrespect and exploitation. Instead, it automatically enters the parent-child relationship model.
仿佛对方是一个正在对他撒娇的孩子。他无意识地扮演了一个理想父亲的角色。
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As if the other person is a child who is acting like a spoiled child to him. He unconsciously played the role of an ideal father.
换句话说,他希望通过满足这些女孩,从而象征性地修复自己的童年。他觉得,如果他拒绝了那些女孩的要求,对方就会非常失望、痛苦和无力。
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In other words, he hopes to satisfy these girls, thereby symbolically repairing his childhood. He felt that if he rejected the requests of those girls, the other party would be very disappointed, pained, and powerless.
然而,这些体验,更像是他童年时期被压抑情绪的一种投射。而非真实发生的事情。
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However, these experiences are more like a projection of his repressed emotions in childhood. Rather than what actually happened.
这是另一种形式的创伤迷恋。由于潜意识中对冷漠、吝啬的糟糕父亲的批判,他觉得自己有责任在亲密关系中,做一个好父亲,并无条件地满足他人的需求。
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This is another form of trauma obsession. Due to the subconscious coldness and criticism of the stingy bad father, he feels a responsibility to be a good father in intimate relationships, unconditionally meeting the needs of others.
结果,他在亲密关系中,总是吸引到情绪上具有压迫性的女性。而这似乎又一次加剧了他的创伤。
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As a result, in intimate relationships, he always attracts emotionally oppressive women. And this seemed to exacerbate his trauma once again.
创伤迷恋的特征
通过对以上案例的探讨,我们可以发现,创伤迷恋往往具有以下特征:
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Through the discussion of the above examples, we can find that trauma obsessions often have the following characteristics:
特征一:重复创伤而非修复
第一个是,这种关系往往不会好转,甚至让人越陷越深。创伤迷恋的关键特征是,在亲密关系中,反复尝试修复过去的创伤。
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The first is that this relationship often does not improve; instead, it makes people sink deeper. The key characteristic of trauma obsession is the repeated attempt to repair past trauma in intimate relationships.
他们会想方设法地改变对方,投入更多的情感资源。希望“这一次”,能够弥补过去未曾完成的情感体验。
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They will try every possible way to change each other, investing more emotional resources. Hopefully, “this time” can make up for the emotional experience that was not completed in the past.
然而,这种修复的努力通常是徒劳的。因为当事人所选择的,往往是那些不具备修复能力的人。
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However, such repair efforts are usually in vain. Because the parties often choose those who do not have the ability to repair.
甚至可以说,他是心理上存在严重缺陷的人。例如,一个从小受到冷遇的人,可能会被那些情绪忽冷忽热的人所吸引。
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It can even be said that he is a person with serious mental defects. For example, a person who has been treated indifferently since childhood may be attracted to people who are emotionally hot and cold.
试图在这段关系中获得最终的接纳。但这些人本身却缺乏稳定的情感能力。
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Trying to gain final acceptance in this relationship. But these people themselves lack stable emotional abilities.
根本无法提供安全感。个体误以为自己在尝试修复创伤,实际上却是在重演创伤。
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It doesn't provide a sense of security at all. Individuals mistakenly believe they are trying to repair trauma, when they are actually re-enacting it.
这种关系模式并非通往治愈的道路。反而,让他们一次又一次地体验过去的无助和痛苦。
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This relationship pattern is not the path to healing. Rather, it makes them experience the helplessness and pain of the past again and again.
一个恶性循环。
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A vicious cycle.
特征二:严重的心理退行
第二个,在创伤迷恋中,当事人往往会经历严重的退行(Regression: 心理学概念,指个体在面对压力或创伤时,心理功能和行为模式退回到较早发展阶段的现象)。退行意味着,人的心智退回到一种幼稚、原始的状态。
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Second, in trauma obsession, the parties involved often experience severe regression. Regression means the human mind regresses to a childish, primitive state.
在关系中经历退行是正常的,甚至可以说是有必要的。例如,两个人像孩子一样说话,对对方撒娇,创造一些可爱的称呼等。
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It is normal to experience regression in a relationship; it can even be said to be necessary. For example, two people talk like children, act like a spoiled child towards each other, or create some cute names.
这种健康的退行,实际上,是以一种更自然、不设防的方式进行互动。它不带有任何心智上的脆弱或依赖。
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This healthy regression is actually interacting in a more natural and unguarded way. It does not carry with it any fragility or dependency of mind.
它不是来自创伤的阴影。它只是一种情感的释放,以及表达亲密的方式。
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It's not from the shadow of trauma. It's just an emotional release and a way to express intimacy.
双方都可以暂时放下外界的压力和责任。享受无条件的爱和接纳。
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Both sides can temporarily put aside the pressure and responsibilities of the outside world. Enjoy unconditional love and acceptance.
而严重的退行,则在很大程度上是无意识和失控的。并可能发展出更极端的心理状态,例如原始的赎罪感,黑白分明的情绪模式等。
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Severe regression is largely involuntary and out of control. And it may develop into a more extreme psychological state, for example, a primitive sense of atonement, or black-and-white emotional patterns.
特征三:原始的赎罪感
所谓的原始的赎罪感(Primitive Sense of Atonement: 指个体认为自己有罪或不配,需要通过自我牺牲来弥补或换取爱与认可的心理模式),当事人可能会对伴侣表现出极端的自我牺牲。
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The so-called primitive sense of atonement, the parties involved, may display extreme self-sacrifice towards their partner.
认为自己需要进行某种神秘的“赎罪”,以换取对方的爱,或者让自己变得纯洁、神圣。这种神秘的道德感,使得他们对伴侣的糟糕反应,一次又一次地忍受。
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They believe that they need to perform some kind of mysterious “atonement” to exchange for the other's love, or to make themselves pure and holy. This mysterious morality causes them to react badly to their partner, enduring again and again.
即便被忽视、被虐待、被背叛,也觉得自己“不够好”。甚至主动去承受更多的痛苦,以换取对方暂时的好感。
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Even if they are ignored, abused, or betrayed, they still feel like “I’m not good enough”. They even take the initiative to endure more pain in exchange for the other party's temporary goodwill.
之所以说这种思维是原始的,是因为,它在儿童和原始人类身上,非常普遍。它是一种原始的自我中心思维,以及主客体相互渗透的倾向。
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The reason why we say this kind of thinking is primitive is because it is very common in children and primitive humans. It is a primitive self-centered thinking and a tendency for subjective and objective interpenetration.
儿童在成长过程中,往往没有足够的能力,去理解复杂的情绪和关系。正如我们在关于“性幻想”的视频中提到,儿童有一种倾向,当他们觉得与父母的关系,存在任何裂痕或不完美的可能性时,儿童会倾向于维护父母的权威,并美化父母。
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Children growing up often lack the capacity to understand complex emotions and relationships. As we mentioned in the video about sexual fantasies, children have a tendency to, when they feel that the relationship between them and their parents has any possibility of cracks or imperfections, uphold their parents' authority and glorify their parents.
同时,将责任归咎于自己。儿童并不会从父母对自己的冷漠中,得出是父母出了问题的结论。
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At the same time, put the responsibility on yourself. Children will not conclude from their parents' indifference to them that there is something wrong with the parents.
相反,儿童可能会觉得自己不够好,不够出众和优秀。并将这种羞耻感内化到潜意识中。
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Instead, children may feel that they are not good enough, not outstanding or excellent. And internalize this sense of shame into the subconscious.
童年时期经历过更多这类创伤的人,很容易觉得,自己是唯一有责任弥补关系的人。冲突解决者。
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People who experienced more of this type of trauma in childhood easily feel that they are the only ones who have the responsibility to mend the relationship. Conflict resolver.
赎罪的核心表达,意味着他们认为自己需要为某些行为进行“补偿”。即便面对虐待或不公平的对待,他们也认为自己“活该”受苦。
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The core expression of atonement means that they think they need to “compensate” for certain actions. Even in the face of abuse or unfair treatment, they also think they “deserve” to suffer.
认为只有通过极端的自我牺牲,才能获得爱或认可。这种思维模式,类似于童年时期对父母的无条件依赖。
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It is believed that only through extreme self-sacrifice can one gain love or recognition. This mode of thinking is similar to the unconditional dependence on parents in childhood.
值得一提的是,这种原始的赎罪感,也是理解中国社会的一个切入点。我们将在后续进行探讨。
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It is worth mentioning that this primitive sense of atonement is also a gateway to understanding Chinese society. We will discuss this later.
特征四:无意识的吸引力
第三个,当事人觉得某一种类型的人,具有强烈的情感和吸引力。但这种吸引力并非源于某种情感上的共鸣。
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Third, the parties feel that a certain type of person has strong emotions and attractions. But this attraction is not due to some kind of emotional resonance.
它是一种无意识的、难以用语言表达和理解的模式。当事人,似乎身不由己地扮演着某种角色。
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It is an unconscious pattern that is difficult to express and understand in words. The party seems like they are playing a role involuntarily.
它就像梦游一样。这种吸引力是不自由的。
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It seems like sleepwalking. This attraction is not free.
有时它会带来痛苦,但就是无法抗拒。这有点像上瘾行为。
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Sometimes it can be painful, but it's simply irresistible. It's a bit like addictive behavior.
例如,一个酒鬼他其实并不想喝酒,但最终他还是痛苦地选择了喝酒。尽管没有人强迫他这样做。
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For example, an alcoholic doesn't actually want to drink, but in the end, he still chooses to drink in pain. Although no one forced him to do this.
这种自愿的强迫,就是困惑和矛盾的所在。那么,这种难以言喻的创伤迷恋,究竟是为什么呢?
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This voluntary compulsion is where the confusion and contradictions come in. So why is there this fascination with trauma that is difficult to express in words?
我们将在下一期视频中继续探讨这个话题。
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We will continue to discuss this topic in the next video.
结语与联系方式
今天的视频就到这里。最后,我说一下,如果你有什么困惑或疑问,想和我进行交流,直接联系我的邮箱就可以了。
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That's it for today's video. Finally, let me say, if you have any confusion or questions and want to communicate with me, just contact my email directly.
例如,你想和我探讨一篇文章或一段文字,一个视频,一个社会现象,或者你的日记。请提前把相关的文字发给我,我会在正式交流前进行阅读。
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For example, if you want to discuss an article, a paragraph, a video, a social phenomenon, or your diary with me. Please send me the relevant text in advance; I will read it before our formal communication.
或者你想和我探讨你的生命体验,困惑和情绪。都是可以的。
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Or you want to discuss your life experience, confusion, and emotions with me. All are possible.
如果你对隐私、安全、付费和交流方式,有什么疑问,请告诉我。如果你无法付费或加入会员,也请联系我。
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If you have any questions about privacy, security, payment, and communication methods, please let me know. If you are unable to pay or join the membership, please contact me too.
我会提供其他方式。具体请参考这张图片。
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I will provide other ways. Please refer to this picture for details.
我会把这个视频,放到“心理学与教育”这个列表中。也推荐大家,查看这个列表中的其他视频。
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I will post this video in the "Psychology and Education" playlist. I also recommend everyone check out my other videos in this list.
感谢观看,再见!
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Thank you for watching, goodbye!