开篇:非凡见闻与市场聚焦
大家好,我的朋友们。今天是5月9日,欢迎收听本期的《市场周报》。在开始之前,我想提请大家注意,上周五,美国政府解密了大量关于不明飞行物(UFO)的文件。在这些文件中,我们可以看到,早在20世纪40年代,美国空军就已经在调查空中广泛出现的“飞碟”报告。我之所以知道这一点,是因为我曾有过一次亲身经历。2013年,我在伦敦郊外散步时,抬头望向夜空,看到了一些像是飞行火焰的东西,它们高速成队飞行。我所说的“火焰”,是指当你点燃一根火柴时,能看到那团跳舞的火焰。我看到的正是这样的景象在天空中飞舞。我立刻拿出手机拍了一张照片。令我惊讶的是,手机照片显示的是一个圆形物体,一个飞碟。正如他们所说,“真相就在那里”。
今天,我们来谈论三件事。首先,我们必须关注“K型经济”的底层正在分崩离析。其次,当然要谈谈近期疯狂上涨的股市,尤其是半导体股票,在我看来,它们最终将不可避免地崩溃。最后,我们必须关注美联储发布的最新金融稳定报告,其中包含一些关于金融体系状态的有趣图表。
Original English
Hello my friends. Today is May 9th and this is Markets Weekly. All right, before we begin, I'll note that on Friday, the US government declassified a whole bunch of UFO files. And among those files, you can see that as early as the 1940s, the US Air Force was investigating widespread reports of flying saucers in the air. I know this because I have a firsthand account of a UFO. Back in 2013, I was walking outside of London. I looked into the night sky and I saw what looked like flying flames flying in formation at high speed. By flame, I mean kind of like when you light a match, you can see that that flame dancing around. That's what I saw flying out in the sky. I immediately took out my cell phone and took a photo. And to my surprise, this is what the cell phone photo looked like. To my naked eye, it was a flame, but to the cell phone camera, it was a circular object. Basically, a flying saucer. So as they say the truth is out there. Now today let's talk about three things. First off we have to talk about how the lower part of the K is falling apart. Secondly let's talk of course you have to talk about the stock market that has gone absolutely crazy especially the semiconductor stocks and that in my personal view that will inevitably implode. And lastly we have to talk about the latest financial stability report from the Fed. some interesting graphs as to the state of the financial system. All right, starting with uh the lower part of the K.经济底层逻辑:消费者困境与工资停滞
我们先从“K型经济”的底层开始。上周,我们看到了非农就业报告,头条的就业数字表现不错,创造了超过10万个就业岗位,远超预期。但考虑到人口结构的变化,我们真正需要关注的是失业率,它保持稳定,处于一个相当不错的水平。然而,真正引起我注意的是工资。因为工资正在减速。如果你预期劳动力市场火热,你会认为雇主会争夺工人,尤其是在劳动力并未增长的情况下,他们会通过提供更高的工资来竞争。但这种情况并没有发生。
上周,我们还看到了密歇根大学最新的消费者信心调查。令我惊讶的是,该调查结果创下了历史新低。这项调查已经进行了几十年,虽然存在方法论上的变化,但它仍然是一个非常低的读数。从轶事来看,消费者似乎非常不满意,因为通货膨胀正在侵蚀他们的生活水平。当你查看通胀数据时,它们正在加速上涨。如果通胀在加速,而工资在减速,这意味着你的实际工资正在下降,你的生活水平正在下降。所以,当汽油价格飙升时,消费者不得不在加油站花费更多钱。他们会感到贫穷,会减少出行,可用于购买其他商品的钱也会减少。这似乎就是正在发生的情况。
上周,我们还收到了一些公司的财报。例如,Crabtree & Evelyn(克拉布惠)表示,对他们来说,低收入消费者正 Se literally 耗尽积蓄,难以维持生计。Crabtree & Evelyn 是一家生产大量食品产品的公司,尤其面向“K型经济”的底层人群。我们还看到了Planet Fitness(一家健身公司),它更多地服务于“K型经济”的底层人群,也报告了疲软的业绩。当然,如果你看看它们的股价,市场显然不喜欢这些消息。
有趣的是,我们还看到了Whirlpool(惠而浦)的财报。根据惠而浦的数据,其家电需求基本上处于衰退水平。情况并不乐观。这部分原因可能在于,高抵押贷款利率正在限制新的住房市场。通常,当你购买新房时,也会购买家电。所以,这可能对他们产生了影响。如果你看看他们的股价,他们并不喜欢这次财报电话会议,但他们已经表现不佳一段时间了。惠而浦是一家主要在美国制造的公司,因此不受关税的真正影响,但他们本应受益于潜在的美国制造业复兴,但你知道,这似乎并未发生,至少目前还没有。
总的来说,美国大量的工人正在遭受痛苦。这与我们在股市中看到的情况形成了鲜明对比,这也引出了我们的第二个话题。股市简直在飙升,几乎每天都在创下历史新高。尤其是科技股,它们只是不断上涨。
Original English
lower part of the K. So last week we had the non-formms per report and the headline job number was good. It was over a 100,000 jobs created, much better than expected. Now we have these changing demographic shifts. So what we really want to focus on of course is the unemployment rate which stood pat. Which is totally decent. Now, what really caught my eye though were wages. Because wages are decelerating. If you if you were expecting a hot labor market, what you would expect is employers to compete for workers, especially as the workforce is not growing and they would compete for workers by offering higher wages. But that's just not happening. Last week, we also got the latest University of Michigan consumer sentiment survey. And to my surprise, it printed at record lows. Like this survey goes back decades and there have been methodological changes but still it's a very low read. Now anecdotally it seems like consumers are very unhappy because of inflation right that is eroding their living standards. When you look at the inflation numbers uh they are accelerating and if inflation is accelerating and wages are decelerating that means your real wages are declining your living standards are declining. So say with gasoline surging up here, surging higher, consumers are going to have to spend more money at the pump. They're going to feel poor. They'll drive less and they'll have less money left over to buy other things. And that seems to be what's happening. So last week we also had a bunch of companies report uh we had, for example, Crab Hinds suggest that um for them their poor consumers are literally running out of money, reaching into savings and just not not able to make ends meet. Craft Hind is a company that produces a lot of food products particularly for those in the lower part of the K. Now we also had Planet Fitness, a gym company that caters more towards the lower part of the K also suggesting weaker uh weaker numbers. And of course, if you look at their stock price, the market just didn't like what they heard. Interestingly, we also had Worldpool report and according to Worldpool, uh demand for their appliances is basically at recessionary levels. Things are not going well. Part of this could be, of course, that high mortgage rates are limiting uh the new housing, new home market. So, usually when you buy a new home, you'd buy appliances as well. So, that could be impacting them. Um, if you look at their stock price, they did not like the earnings call, but they've been doing very poorly for some time. Warpool is a company that largely manufactures in the United States and so they are not really impacted by tariffs but um they should have been a beneficiary of a potential US manufacturing renaissance but you know that just doesn't look like it's happening at least not yet. So overall, a lot of the a lot of the workers in the US are suffering. And so that kind of stands in contrast with what we see into the market, which goes to our second topic.AI 驱动的市场狂潮及其脆弱性
股市正在飙升,每一天都在创下历史新高。尤其是科技股,它们只是不断上涨。当我们回过头来看,从几周前的“战争恐慌”中恢复过来,市场确实呈现出垂直上涨的态势。现在,这背后的主要驱动力当然是 AI 的繁荣。看看半导体指数,它正在呈现抛物线式的增长。我认为我不需要告诉你们,这是不可持续的。当一个图表呈现出这样的形态时,另一边最终会崩溃。
特别值得一提的是 Intel(英特尔)。放大来看英特尔的股票,它现在简直是疯狂的。首先,英特尔受益于半导体 AI 的繁荣,当然也受益于政府会支持它的这种认知。特朗普总统代表美国纳税人对英特尔进行了大笔股权投资。这笔投资到目前为止似乎表现不错。但是,归根结底,就像其他任何事物一样,这只是供需问题,在我看来,主要是动量和杠杆在起作用。
在20世纪20年代的互联网泡沫时代,大量的杠杆是通过保证金贷款实现的。现在人们不再那么做了。最新的获取杠杆的方式是通过期权。Zero Hedge 提供了一个有趣的图表,显示看涨期权活动激增。这可能就是你看到的股市上涨的原因之一。我知道很多人会说,“这次不一样了,因为有盈利等等。” 但我并不觉得这有说服力,因为我不认为盈利很重要。简单来说,如果你看看互联网泡沫时期,那些公司基本上没有盈利,但它们却飞到了月球。所以,显然盈利不是最重要的。因此,盈利问题无关紧要。
但为了进一步说明这一点,S&P 500(标普500指数)整体确实有强劲的盈利增长,科技公司也确实有强劲的盈利增长。尽管一些更深思熟虑的人也会指出,这些盈利并非完全如表面所示。例如,FT(英国《金融时报》)的一篇文章指出,许多大型科技公司的盈利,基本上只是其对 Anthropic、OpenAI 等 AI 初创公司投资的股权收益。基本上,这些公司拥有(非公开交易的)OpenAI 和 Anthropic 的股份,由于 AI 的繁荣,这些股份的估值正在上升,从而为这些超大规模计算提供商(hyperscalers)带来了增加的收入。
还要注意的是,超大规模计算提供商表示,他们有大量合同收入在管道中。很多人正在购买他们的计算服务,但如果仔细看,购买他们服务的很多人实际上是他们正在投资的公司。所以,基本上,你有一个超大规模计算提供商,比如亚马逊或微软,向 Anthropic 或 OpenAI 投入资金以换取股权,而这些 AI 初创公司又将资金转回,并以此换取计算服务。这是一个非常循环的过程。当然,如果 AI 繁荣持续下去,这会非常好,因为如果 AI 繁荣持续下去,这些 AI 初创公司的估值就会上升,它们将有越来越多的能力购买更多的计算资源,从而合同收入就会增加。所以,对他们来说,这是一种良性循环。但如果情绪发生变化,这个良性循环就会逆转。
无论如何,我仍然认为,看到这些巨大的飙升,再次说明这只是动量和杠杆让系统变得脆弱。是什么改变了这种动态,我不知道,但当系统脆弱时,它不需要太多。
Original English
The stock market is just surging like every single day. All-time highs, all-time highs. Especially the tech stocks, they just go higher and higher and higher. Really, when you take a step back and look at this recovery from the um the panic from the pan from the war panic a few weeks ago, it really looks like we've gone vertical. Now the big driver of this of course is the AI boom. Now if you look at the socks index the semiconductor index you can see that guys it's going parabolic and I don't think you need me to tell you that this is not sustainable and whenever a chart looks like this on the other side eventually it will ultimately implode. Now in particular I'm going to point out Intel. Intel zooming out looking at Intel stock it's just insane right now. First off, uh, Intel is benefiting from the semiconductor AI boom, but also of course the perception that the government there is there to support them. Uh, President Trump made a big equity investment in Intel on behalf of the US uh, taxpayer. It looks like that that investment has been doing well so far. U, but of course at the end of the day uh, like anything else just supply and demand and in my personal view just momentum and leverage. Now, in the 1920s, in the dotcom era, a lot of leverage was through margin loans. People don't really do that as much now. The latest way to get leverage is through options. And you have this interesting chart from Zero Hedge suggesting that there is a surge in call option activity. And that probably is contributing to what you see um in the stock market. I know many people will note that, oh, it's different this time because of, you know, earnings and stuff like that. Um, but I don't find that persuasive at all because I don't believe earnings matter. So, one easy way to say that is if you look at the dot boom, these companies had basically no earnings, but they went to the moon, right? So, obviously obviously earnings is that that important. So, putting at earnings is neither here nor there. But just to further on that point, the S&P 500 as a whole does have strong earnings growth. technology companies do have strong earnings growth. Although some of the people who are a bit more thoughtful will also note that those earnings are are not completely what they see. For example, there's this article in the FT noting that for a lot of the big tech companies, a lot of their earnings are basically just in equity gains from their investments into AI startups like anthropic, like open AI. So basically these companies have stock again not publicly traded stock in open AI and anthropic and because of the AI boom the valuations of these stocks are going up and so that is showing up as increased uh income for these for the max for the hyperscalers. Also note that the hyperscalers are suggesting they have a lot of contracted revenue in the pipeline. A lot of people are buying their computing services but when you look in detail a lot of the people who are buying their services are basically the companies they're investing in. So basically you you have a hyperscaler say say an Amazon or or something like that or Microsoft uh investing giving money into anthropic to open AAI in exchange for equity and those AI startups turning around and sending the money right back and getting compute in exchange. So it's a very circular thing which of course can can be very good if this AI boom continues because the if the AI boom continues then the valuation of these AI startups go up and they will have more and more uh capacity to buy more compute so revenue contracted revenue will go up for and so it's kind of like a virtuous cycle for them but if uh you know there's a change in sentiment then that virtuous cycle will go in reverse in any case I continue to think that looking at um these huge huge surges again it's just momentum and leverage that makes the system fragile what uh changes the dynamics I don't know but when you are fragile it doesn't really take much美联储金融稳定报告:风险洞察
好了,最后一件事我想谈谈美联储发布的最新金融稳定报告。仔细看看这份报告,我们来强调一些我认为相当有趣的点。首先,当然是美联储(或美联储工作人员)对股市估值的看法,虽然它并没有特别高,市盈率(PE ratio)确实处于历史高位,但还没有到离谱的程度。但你只需要看看市盈率的图表,就能立刻明白市盈率并不重要。有时它会非常高,有时会非常低。如果市盈率是股票投资者重要的指标,那么你会期望当股票便宜时,人们会进来买入;当股票非常高时,人们会进来卖出。这样市盈率就会是一个均值回归的序列。但事实并非如此。有时它会高得离谱,有时又说它很低。按照这个逻辑投资的投资者群体,我们称之为价值投资者。这些人现在不多了,因为几十年来这种策略一直不奏灵。
所以,市场价格基本上是心理性的,每个人买卖都基于不同的视角。因此,如果你看待世界的方式,也就是价值投资的方式,正在萎缩,那么它就不会影响价格。也许在20世纪80年代,这是一种有用的看待世界的方式,但今天显然不是了。
好了,继续往下看。正如我们所知,独栋房屋的价格相对于租金来说相当高。这是过去几年一直持续的现象。好消息是,房价基本上在上涨,但上涨非常缓慢。所以,随着时间的推移,你会预期(正如 Cher 所指出的),房价会缓慢上涨,而工资会比房价涨得更快。一段时间后,房价看起来就不会那么贵了,因为工资一直在追赶它们。这是一个需要很多年的过程,并且可能会受益于较低的利率。但现在很难说会发生什么。
有一件事我确实觉得很有趣,那就是根据美联储工作人员的说法,农田被严重高估了。现在,很多人出于对货币贬值或其他因素的恐惧而涌向硬资产,但你知道,当你看着农田相对于其租金收益时,从历史来看,它确实被高估了。所以,目前它似乎不是一个好的避险场所。
我们再来看看其他方面。哦,好的。接下来,我们看看消费者信贷方面的情况。有趣的是,信用卡贷款水平在各个群体中都在上升。对于那些不太富裕的消费者来说,这似乎是一个非常大的增长。这与我们之前讨论的,一些最不富裕的消费者正 Se literally 耗尽积蓄,可能通过信用卡借贷来维持生计的情况是一致的。现在,对于那些更富裕的人来说,信用卡贷款也在增长,但这可能只是因为他们对自己的消费更有信心。所以,这非常像一个 K 型经济。
有趣的是,汽车贷款违约率也处于历史高位。这部分原因可能是,在疫情期间,很多人购买了价格过高的汽车,因为供应链的挤压,导致他们持有价值低于贷款的汽车,而且他们可能现在不愿意偿还。
金融稳定报告中另一个我认为很有趣的小部分是关于私人信贷(private credit)的。众所周知,很多人担心私人信贷。他们向那些正在被颠覆的软件公司发放了大量贷款。因此,有许多投资者要求赎回资金。所以,对于一些私人信贷基金来说,私人信贷是一个庞大的生态系统。你有不同类型的基金结构。其中一些提供季度流动性,到目前为止,对于那些基金,实际上出现了净流出。所以,即使他们从新投资者那里获得资金流入,净而言,要求赎回资金的投资者更多。
这并不是美联储工作人员的担忧,因为,首先,它实际上并不是金融体系中那么大的一部分。但是,这些私人信贷基金拥有大量的流动性。它们与商业银行有信贷额度,并且显然有足够的信贷来覆盖,比如说,三个季度的流出。归根结底,他们只需要提供大约5%的基金流动性。而且,对于他们中的许多人来说,他们有条款规定,如果他们认为符合基金的利益,或者其他什么原因,他们就不必提供任何流动性。所以,这里存在潜在的“门槛”(gates),可以阻止任何严重的挤兑。因此,这不是需要担心的事情。
好了,还有一件事需要注意,正如我们讨论的,霍尔木兹海峡仍然关闭。Bloomberg(彭博社)有一个有趣的图表显示,到目前为止,即使世界从霍尔木兹海峡获得的石油量不如以往,但他们正在消耗全球库存,全球库存正在迅速下降。在接下来的几周内,可能会达到一个供应短缺的程度,我们可能会面临真正的短缺。现在,我猜总统几天前向伊朗发送了一份停火或和平提案,并且他每天都在说,他预计将很快收到伊朗方面的回复。但是,伊朗人似乎就是不回电。所以我不知道发生了什么。让我们看看本周会发生什么。当然,在下周末,特朗普总统将与习近平主席会面。这将是一次令人兴奋的会晤。好了,这就是我今天准备的所有内容。非常感谢大家的收听。下周再见。
Original English
All right the last thing that I want to talk about is the latest financial stability report released from the Federal Reserve now looking through it let's let's highlight a few things that I thought were somewhat interesting first off of course we have to go with the uh Fed's perception or the Fed staff's perception of the valuation of the stock market which which actually isn't super high though like the P ratio is historically elevated but not ridiculously so but you can just look at this chart of PE and you can immediately see that P does not matter right so sometimes it goes really high sometimes it goes really low if PE were were an important metric for stock for stock investors then what you would expect is that when um stocks are cheap you'd have people come in and buy them. And when stops are very high, you'd have people come in and sell them. And so the PE ratio would be a mean reverting series, but it's just not right. Sometimes it goes ridiculously high. Sometimes they say it's very low. Uh the the class of investors that would have invested according to this, we would call them value investors. Uh these guys are uh there's not that many of them left because it just hasn't worked for decades. So it's there and markets are are basically psycho prices are basically psychological right everyone buys and sells based on different perspectives and so if you have this uh this I guess way of looking at the world value investing way of looking at the world shrinking then that that that's just not going to shape prices and so maybe in the 1980s this was a useful way of looking at the world but u it very obviously is not today okay so moving on you can see in addition as we all know home single family home prices are quite elevated um when it comes to relative to rent and that's something that's been persistent for the past few years the good news is that the prices basically are are just increasing but increasing very slowly so over time what you would expect and cher has noted this is that prices will increase slowly wages will increase faster than home prices and after a period of time the level of prices won't look that expensive because wages are have been outpacing them and that's a process that takes many years and could be helped by lower interest rates. But, you know, it's it's hard to say what will happen with that right now. One thing that I did think was pretty interesting was that um according to the Fed staff, farmland is massively overvalued. Now, a lot of people are rushing towards hard assets in fear of debasement or whatnot, but you know, when you're looking at farmland relative to the rents that you can collect on it, historically, it's it's quite elevated. So, it it doesn't seem like that's um a great place to hide at the moment. Um let's see what else is here. Oh, okay. So, next up, let's look at what's happening in the consumer credit. So interesting thing is that credit card loan levels have been rising across the spectrum. Uh this looks like there's a very big jump for consumers that are less well off and that's kind of consistent what we talked about earlier for some of the least well-off consumers. They are literally running out of money and so they might be trying to make ends meet by uh by borrowing from their credit cards. Now, credit card loans are also growing for looks like the people that are better off, but you know, that just could be because they feel more confident about their spending. So, very much a K-shaped economy. Um, interesting that auto delinquencies are historically quite elevated. Um, part of that could potentially be that a lot of people during the pandemic era just bought cars that were vastly overpriced because of the supply lines, supply line chain squeeze, and so they were stuck with cars that were worth less than their loan and maybe they don't feel like paying it at the moment. A last thing I thought was pretty interesting in the financial stability report was this small segment on private credit. As we all know, a lot of people are worried about private credit. they made a whole bunch of loans to software companies that are being disrupted. And so there have been a lot of investors asking for their money back. So for some of the private credit firms uh so private credit is is a large ecosystem. You have different types of fund structures. Some of them provide quarterly liquidity and so far for those funds there actually has been a net outflow. So even though they get inflows from new investors on net more investors are asking for their money back. Now, this isn't a concern to Fed staff because well, first off, it's actually not that big a part of the financial system. Um, but these private private credit funds have a lot of liquidity. They have credit lines with commercial banks and apparently they have enough credit to cover let's say three quarters worth of outflows. At the end of the day, of course, they can o they only have to uh provide liquidity for about 5% of their fund. And uh for a lot of them they have clauses such that they don't have to provide any liquidity if they deem it's um I guess in the interest of the fund or something like that. So there are potential gates here that prevent any kind of serious run. So it's not something to worry about. All right. Just one thing to note is that as we discuss as we're talking um the street of Hormuz is still shut and there's this interesting graph from Bloomberg showing that so far even as the world is not getting as much oil from the straight of Hormuz um that they're drawing down their global inventories and the global inventories are drawing down rapidly and in the coming weeks it may reach a point where uh scarcity will hit and we could have some real shortages right now. Now, I guess the president sent a u ceasefire or peace proposal to Iran a few days ago, and he's been saying every day that he's been expecting to hear from the Iranians imminently. Uh but I I guess the Iranians are just not calling the president back. And so, I'm not sure what's happening. So, let's see what happens to that this week. And of course, at the end of next week, we have President Trump going to meet with President Xi. It's going to be an exciting meeting. All right, so that's all I prepared for today. Uh thanks so much for tuning in. Talk to you guys next week.📌 文中提及的人物和组织
公司/组织: OpenAI, Anthropic, Federal Reserve, Intel