重塑繁荣与迭代:突破核能发展桎梏
Radiant 的核心理念旨在为文明和每个人带来繁荣,而繁荣的本质在于让更多人能够负担得起能源。能源是文明的源泉,也是文明本身。然而,美国长期以来失去了在核能这一核心能源技术上持续迭代的能力。这种停滞的根源在于忽视了客户的实际需求。为了扭转这一局面,必须走向微型核反应堆(Micro-Reactor: 发电量通常在数兆瓦级别的紧凑型核动力装置)的量产化道路。
回顾历史,爱达荷国家实验室(Idaho National Laboratory: 美国顶尖的核能研究机构)曾在21年内建造了52座核反应堆,但最后一座建于1977年,此后便再无新型先进反应堆问世。核能的发展被环保倡导组织的虚假宣传边缘化,加之公众的恐慌认知,导致监管机构不断提高门槛,最终因高昂的成本将核能行业逼入死胡同。当美国重新获得核技术的快速迭代能力时,能源的未来格局将彻底改变。
Original English
We must think far beyond of what that nuclear power can do in terms of peace. Here we have a new source of energy. A source of energy that is absolutely important to the future of the world. That is why as far as this particular matter is concerned in the terms of nuclear power, we must not be afraid. We must explore it.The core thesis of Radiant is about prosperity for civilization, for every human, which means making power more affordable for more people. It's really just about enabling humans to be even more human. Power is the source and it is civilization itself.
The US lost its ability to iterate on nuclear power as a source of energy. That happened because we didn't listen to customers. And so we have to massproduce small reactors because that's what customers actually want. And when the US regains its ability to iterate on nuclear technology, the future of energy changes.
There were actually 52 nuclear reactors built at Idaho National Laboratory in 21 years span. The last of which was 1977 and none since then. There are no advanced reactors. Everything was done in the 1950s and 60s. Nuclear really got sidelined by the environmental advocacy groups that pushed misinformation on the general public. We just continue to ratchet up regulations for a variety of reasons including some of the public perceptions around nuclear. Is my opinion that we regulated nuclear out of business because we made it too expensive.
电网老化与能源独立:国家安全的底线
美国现有的电力电网大多建于20世纪60和70年代,无法支撑现代社会的飞速发展。统计数据显示,约45%的美国人在过去一年中经历过停电,这对企业而言可能是毁灭性的灾难。我们的社会高度依赖能源,但在许多州,日常电力供应仅勉强维持在需求中位数,甚至时常跌破临界值。为了释放全社会的创新潜力,我们必须确保能源供应远超基本需求,为未来的发展留出空间。
从国家安全的战略角度来看,能源独立性(Energy Independence: 国家实现能源自主供给、免受外部制约的能力)是不可或缺的防线。严重依赖他国获取能源的国家必然受到地缘政治的掣肘。一旦爆发冲突,而能源又受制于潜在的敌对国,整个国家都可能面临瘫痪的危险。核能作为一种稳定、清洁的基荷能源,是实现真正能源安全与独立的终极解决方案。
Original English
The current state of the energy grid is not great and it doesn't say hey America's ready to build. We need energy for everything. And the grid we're building on right now is mostly created in the 60s and 70s. Technology has changed a lot. Society has changed a lot. And it's starting to show that what we're building on is aging. About 45% of Americans have experienced one outage in the last year. For a business, that can be catastrophic.It's a really important thing for folks to grasp that when you turn the lights on, it's from the 60s. We kind of run just at the median of the power we need. And on some days in many states, we actually dip below what we need from an energy perspective to really innovate. To unlock prosperity, we have to get above the line of what we need. We have to give ourselves room to do all of those. And that from a national security perspective is what will allow the US to be the US we all grew up dreaming about.
Countries that rely on other nations for their energy have strings attached. When there is conflict and energy sources are relied upon from other nations that have become adversaries, it can cause an entire country to shut down. To be able to have your own energy independence provides energy security as well. And that is exactly what nuclear power can provide.
从火星挑战到“Kaleidos”:微型反应堆的诞生
Radiant 的创立灵感源于其创始人在 SpaceX 工作12年的经历。为了实现人类多行星生存的宏伟目标,必须能够搭乘 Starship 到达火星,并在当地制造燃料以返回地球,而这一切的前提是强大的电力支撑。在火星上,太阳能面临极其严苛的物理限制,核能成为了唯一的科学解法。由于 SpaceX 自身无法直接涉足该领域,创始人被迫创立了 Radiant。
为了彻底消除传统核能的痛点,设计团队研发了名为 Kaleidos 的微型核反应堆。与传统在地面掘坑、建造庞大厂房并留下永久性放射性遗迹的模式不同,Kaleidos 是一款可通过陆运、空运或海运部署的移动式反应堆。它大小与柴油发电机相当,发电量却是后者的数倍,可持续稳定供电5年。在使用寿命结束后,Radiant 将反应堆整体运回位于田纳西州橡树岭的工厂进行再燃料填充,由企业全权处理核废料,从而消除客户的后顾之忧。
Original English
I founded Radiant after working at SpaceX for about 12 years. One of the things I worked on was this Mars challenge, which is to make life multiplanetary. In order to really make that happen, you need to be able to take Starship to Mars and then make fuel on Mars and bring it back. And to do that, you need power. And so I looked into solar power on Mars and found that was really challenging. And then I looked into nuclear power on Mars and found that was the only way.I didn't want to found a company. I had to do it because I knew that the mission that SpaceX itself had could not be achieved unless we had nuclear and I wasn't able to work on it. So it forced me to found a company. Doug builds in machines and systems and I build in people and companies. The more we got into it, we kind of discovered together the impact that we could have.
What we want to be doing is building reactors, not reactor buildings. You got to dig a massive hole in the ground. And once you start digging a hole in the ground in the US, you have no idea how long or how expensive that project will be. Costs are very hard to control. Once you make a nuclear reactor and a ground at a site, that site is a radiological site for forever. Puspers are not super excited about that.
When Doug was designing the product, he said, "Well, all of these things must be true, and therefore I have to make a product that is above ground, that is movable to where customers need it, and then also that they don't have to deal with waste on site." And so, you got Kidos. It's a transportable by land, air, and sea micro reactor. After a customer has used it, we take it back to our factory site in Oakidge, Tennessee, and refuel it. We handle all of the parts of the nuclear industry that customers didn't want.
I always tell people when I talk about the kidos reactor to think of a diesel generator. Anywhere you'd see a diesel generator, you could bring in a kidos reactor. They're roughly the same size except you don't have to refill it every 8 hours. It gives you power for 5 years and it provides much more power, many, many times more power than a diesel generator.
工厂化量产与商业化落地:无缝对接的干净能源
微型核反应堆的低门槛设计,为其开辟了颠覆性的商业场景。Kaleidos 的模块化设计支持多级串联(Daisy Chain: 将多个设备首尾相连以增加系统总容量的连接方式),通过并联四个反应堆即可为一座小型城市或大型数据中心提供电力。该反应堆可直接通过大型挂车运输,在现场实现“即插即用”,完全免去了昂贵的现场建造周期与互联摩擦。
工厂化建造的核心优势在于将所有成本和工艺的不确定性在受控的工业厂房内部消化,使客户面临的项目预算风险降至零。目前,Radiant 已在竞争中脱颖而出,获得批准在爱达荷国家实验室的历史性实验增殖反应堆保护罩(Dome)内进行测试。根据计划,商用原型堆将在2026年进入临界状态,在超过700°C的高温下持续满功率运行150小时。这将是该国家实验室数十年来首次进行的全功率新型核反应堆测试。
Original English
And you can daisy chain them together. So you can bring in four kitus reactors and power a small city. You could power a very large data center. You have all kinds of capabilities that come around from something that really can be put on the back of an 18-wheeler. That kind of power generation and making it transportable has never existed before. That's why I say there's actually use cases that we haven't really even imagined yet. One of our units is 5 years of power in a box that just gets delivered, fits in a few parking spaces, and then whenever you want us to take it away, we take it away, which hasn't really done before.It's only possible if you make a size about 1 megawatt, right? make a small enough reactor, you can do this, transport it there and back again sort of trick and take the fuel back and so you have like no nuclear strings attached, you can just have clean power. So for national security, we also don't know where we might need power sources to be set up. So if you need to rapidly deploy AI, you need to rapidly deploy drones, you need to rapidly put something somewhere, it needs to come with power. And if you're not on a grid, you need to bring the grid with you in a box.
When you're building a commercial product, you have to have the same desire to lower customer friction as Apple did with the iPhone. With nuclear reactors, that might sound wild, but it's an absolute necessity. We have to control all of our costs inside our factory, and we can't put any of that burden onto our customer. We can't put any of the burden of the construction on site, the interconnect onto them. We really need to make it as simple as make a reactor. It shows up, it plugs in, you get power.
If you can change that dynamic to factory build, you take those uncertainties off the table. You might translate a little or some part of those uncertainties to building your factory and your entire process, but once you've done that, you're done. If you're successful, then you can just start turning out that commodity. And your customer then has a much much lower potentially even almost zero uncertainty in their cost in their on-site activities or just completely produced. That is a tremendous promise of factorybuilt nuclear.
We're taking this unit to the dome which is this 80 foot diameter structure that was built in the 50s. It actually had the experimental breeder reactor in it at Idaho National Laboratory. Since 2020, we've been on target for going there by 2026 and then we'll go critical. The system is designed to go to over 700° C and then we'll run for 150 hours continuously.
That dome was going to be torn down and ultimately was repurposed for this purpose that now enables Radiant to be the first company that comes in that was selected through a competitive process. Radiant was selected. Simplistically speaking, the maturity of their technology, the maturity of their planning, the benefits of that test are going to be in terms of a full power test over a significant period of time, which will be our first full power test at the laboratory in a very, very long time.
When Radiant first started talking to ENL about testing in the dome, we were I think somewhere around 20 employees and we said four years from now, we're going to build a commercial prototype of our reactor and we're going to test it in that facility. And they said, well, we're going to have to build out that facility, too, and you're 20 people. And so there's a lot of faith and trust and process that we put in the way as we were developing both the product itself as well as the full test campaign, the test facility. And really through all of that is where we developed the partnership.
核能新文艺复兴:颠覆疯狂极限的未来愿景
美国总统于前一年5月签署的行政命令,极大地加速了先进核能技术的审批与研发流程。在众多竞相研发商业化微型堆的企业中,Radiant 具备率先实现商业原型堆运行的勇气与执行力。核能行业目前正处于全面复兴的前夜,世界正拭目以待,而打破僵局的唯一方法就是证明微型堆能够以极快的速度安全落地。
展望未来,Radiant 勾勒了一个“每周出厂一台反应堆”的工业化图景。这种无处不在的微型核动力模块将彻底拓宽人类的活动版图:为太空探索飞船提供不竭动力、在深海海底建立常驻城市,甚至在珠穆朗玛峰的极高海拔营地部署清洁电力。正如创始人所言,改变社会与能源关系的革命无法通过改良旧技术实现,必须以一种打破常规的姿态勇往直前。高可靠性的量产核反应堆,将最终赋予人类离开太阳系、奔赴其他恒星际空间的可能。
Original English
The executive orders that our president signed May of last year accelerated everything. And so that is a critical component that has helped make this possible. As a number of companies race, nobody has turned on a new commercial micro reactor ever before. And Radiant's going to be the first to do that.We don't design, build, and execute on safe reactors... No one's going to buy them. We are a company that needs to make money. We are in the United States. Making money is pretty important to sustain to build out the full mission. If we were a cavalier and how we built even the prototype, we put the future at risk and our customers at risk in a way that is almost completely perverse to what the mission's goal is.
What's happening in nuclear right now is unbelievable for somebody like me who has spent my entire career in nuclear. I believe we're in a full-on renaissance. The world is watching, but the world is waiting. And there are many companies that want to deploy, but they just don't want to be first. And Radiant is willing to be first and has the courage to take those calculated risks and then demonstrate to the world, not only the public, that's an important point, that you demonstrate to the public, that this can be done and it can be done quickly.
I love the idea of one nuclear reactor per week just coming off of a production line. We'll be able to just plug in a nuclear power module to any of their designs and then proliferate our use of power in space. Maybe make a city on the bottom of the ocean. Maybe put a reactor at that high up camp on Mount Everest. Just put power in places that today seem totally crazy and impossible.
Nothing we're trying to do at Radiant is considered reasonable. We're an energy company at our core. We want to change society's relationship to energy. You don't do that by doing a slightly different version of something that's always been done. You have to come out with a kind of ridiculous stance and really drive in that direction to accomplish it.
Nuclear micro reactors that are mass-produced, that are reliable in the most wild scenario enables humans to leave the star that we were born at, the sun, and go to other ones. And it's imperative that we do it as a civilization.
📌 文中提及的人物和组织
公司/组织: Radiant, SpaceX, Idaho National Laboratory
产品/模型: Kaleidos